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Staller (title)
Staller (Old English: or ) was a title used in late Anglo-Saxon England for high-ranking officials in the royal household. It was first used in the 11th century but fell out of use after the Norman Conquest. Etymology Its origin, and exact meaning, are disputed. One suggestion is it derives from the Latin (), a title used in the Byzantine Empire and later adopted by the Franks. Laurence M. Larson argued it derived from Old Norse and was introduced into England by Cnut the Great (). Ann Williams agrees it was Scandinavian in origin. It possibly indicated someone with a seat () in the king's hall, in other words, an official within the royal household. In Latin texts, stallers were referred to as () or (). Role Williams argues that similar officials existed before the 11th century. In the late 10th century, the title () appears in the records. The name suggests a person who is especially close to the king. The first confirmed occurrence of ''staller'' in England was by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ansgar The Staller
Ansgar the Staller or Esegar (c. 1025 – 1085) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful nobles in late Anglo-Saxon England. He escaped badly wounded from the Battle of Hastings in October 1066, then led the defence of London. His family were of Danish origin and held extensive estates in the Thames Valley, as well as Perivale and Northolt in Middlesex. In 1044, he replaced his father as hereditary Portreeve of London, and Sheriff of Middlesex. Edward the Confessor also made him a Staller, a term of uncertain origin, used for senior officials in his personal household. Ansgar served Edward throughout his reign, then backed Harold Godwinson as his successor, rather than William the Conqueror. After Harold died at Hastings, he supported Edgar Ætheling (1051 to 1126), elected King of England by the Witenagemot, but never crowned. He successfully repulsed two attacks on London, but when other surviving Anglo-Saxon leaders accepted William as king, he switched sides. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bondi The Staller
Bondi the Staller, also known as 'Boding', was a wealthy Anglo-Danish landowner, thegn, and member of Edward the Confessor's personal household. His family were of Danish origin and held extensive estates in Wessex, as well as Perivale and Northolt in North-West London. In 1058 Edward the Confessor also made him a staller, a term of uncertain origin, used for senior officials in his personal household. After Edward's death in January 1066, Bondi was kept on as a royal retainer by Harold Godwinson, then William the Conqueror, but gradually lost his positions and estates. He disappears from the historical record after 1068. Biography His family is thought to have come from Mercia, though like many of the 'Anglo-Saxon' nobility, the name indicates he was originally of Danish origin. Based on the Domesday Book of 1086, Bondi is thought to have owned estates in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and throughout East Anglia. This made him one of the richest landowners in England. Caree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Old English
Old English ( or , or ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literature dates from the mid-7th century. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, English was replaced for several centuries by Anglo-Norman language, Anglo-Norman (a langues d'oïl, type of French) as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, since during the subsequent period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into what is now known as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland. Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or Ingvaeonic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles (tribe), Angles, Saxons and Jutes. As the Germanic settlers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Edward The Confessor
Edward the Confessor ( 1003 – 5 January 1066) was King of England from 1042 until his death in 1066. He was the last reigning monarch of the House of Wessex. Edward was the son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. He succeeded Cnut the Great's son – and his own half-brother – Harthacnut. He restored the rule of the House of Wessex after the period of Danish rule since Cnut conquered England in 1016. When Edward died in 1066, he was succeeded by his wife's brother Harold Godwinson, who was defeated and killed in the same year at the Battle of Hastings by the Normans under William the Conqueror. Edward's young great-nephew Edgar Ætheling of the House of Wessex was proclaimed king after the Battle of Hastings, but was never crowned and was peacefully deposed after about eight weeks. Historians disagree about Edward's fairly long 24-year reign. His nickname reflects the traditional image of him as unworldly and pious. Confessor of the Faith, Confess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Osgod Clapa
Osgod Clapa (died 1054), also Osgot, was a nobleman in Anglo-Saxon England during the reigns of Kings Cnut the Great, Harold Harefoot, Harthacnut, and Edward the Confessor. His name comes from the Old Danish Asgot, the byname Clapa perhaps meaning coarse, or rough, in Old Norse. He was a major landowner in East Anglia during a period in which no Ealdorman was appointed to the region. He held the post of ''staller'', that is constable or master of the royal stables. In 1046 he was banished, and in 1054 he died. Osgod is found as a witness to charters from 1026 onwards, but he first appears in narrative accounts on the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Gytha to his fellow-staller Tovi the Proud. It appears to be at these celebrations, on, or shortly before 8 June 1042, that King Harthacnut died suddenly. Edward the Confessor kept Osgod in his position of trust, and the reasons for his eventual outlawing in late 1046 are far from clear. It may be that it was related to the ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eadnoth The Constable
Eadnoth the Constable (died 1068) also known as Eadnoth the Staller, was an Anglo-Saxon landowner and steward to kings Edward the Confessor and Harold Godwinson. He is mentioned in the ''Domesday Book'' as holding thirty manors in Devon, Dorset, Somerset, and Wiltshire, before the Norman conquest. He may have been the same man as Eadnoth of Ugford, also known as Alnoth. Eadnoth was killed at Bleadon in 1068, leading a force against the two sons of Harold II, who had invaded Somerset. His son Harding became Sheriff of Bristol, and one of his grandsons was Robert Fitzharding, the ancestor of the Berkeley family The Berkeley family is an English family. It is one of five families in Britain that can trace its patrilineal descent back to an Anglo-Saxon ancestor (the other four being the Arden family, the Swinton family, the Wentworth family, and the ... of Berkeley Castle. References External links Domesday search for Eadnoth* {{DEFAULTSORT:Eadnoth the Constabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Housecarl
A housecarl (; ) was a non- servile manservant or household bodyguard in medieval Northern Europe. The institution originated amongst the Norsemen of Scandinavia, and was brought to Anglo-Saxon England by the Danish conquest in the 11th century. They were well-trained, and paid as full-time soldiers. In England, the royal housecarls had a number of roles, both military and administrative, and they fought under Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings. Etymology Housecarl is a calque of the original Old Norse term, ''húskarl'', which literally means "house man". ''Karl'' is cognate to the Old English ''churl'', or ''ceorl'', meaning a man, or a non-servile peasant. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' uses ''hiredmenn'' as a term for all paid warriors and thus is applied to ''housecarl'', but it also refers to ''butsecarls'' and ''lithsmen''. It is not clear whether these were types of ''housecarl'' or different altogether. In Scandinavia As free manservants Originally, the Old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Domesday Book
Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by the Latin name , meaning "Book of Winchester, Hampshire, Winchester", where it was originally kept in the royal treasury. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' states that in 1085 the king sent his agents to survey every shire in England, to list his holdings and dues owed to him. Written in Medieval Latin, it was Scribal abbreviation, highly abbreviated and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to record the annual value of every piece of landed property to its lord, and the resources in land, labour force, and livestock from which the value derived. The name "Domesday Book" came into use in the 12th century. Richard FitzNeal wrote in the ( 1179) that the book was so called because its de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Procuration
Procuration () is the action of taking care of, hence management, stewardship, agency. The word is applied to the authority or power delegated to a Procurator (other), procurator, or agent, as well as to the exercise of such authority expressed frequently by procuration (per procurationem), or shortly ''per pro.'', or simply ''p.p.'' Etymology, history, and usage The correct usage is the subject of some debate. It has been understood as both "through the agency of" and "on behalf of". The reason for this is that the meaning of the phrase ''per procurationem'' is ambiguous if used with undeclinable English names. Procuratio is related to the words "pro" (for/on behalf of/instead of) and "cura" (care/attention). It is thus close in meaning to "agency" — acting instead of someone. The phrase 'per procurationem' thus means "by/through agency". Note that the phrase does not contain a preposition "of". This is because this idea would be expressed through the genitive case ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Robert FitzWimarc
Robert fitz Wimarc (died before 1075, Theydon Mount, Chipping Ongar, Ongar, Essex) was a kinsman of both Edward the Confessor and William of Normandy, and was present at Edward's death bed. Nothing of his background is known except his kinship to the English and Norman leadership and that his byname appears to contain a Breton language, Breton female name, Wiomar'ch, apparently the name of his mother. He was brought to England by Edward and had a successful career, being rewarded with numerous lands in various parts of the country. He had a special interest in Essex and set up his main base at Clavering, Essex, Clavering. It was to Clavering that many of Edward's Normans, Norman favourites fled when they were ousted from political power in 1052, before taking ship into exile. Despite being a Normans, Norman, Robert stayed in England and found further favour with Edward, and possibly with Harold Godwinson after him. Robert was later made Sheriff of Essex and was described as "" â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anglo-Saxon Charters
Anglo-Saxon charters are documents from the early medieval period in England which typically made a grant of land or recorded a privilege. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s: the oldest surviving charters granted land to the Church, but from the eighth century, surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people. The term ''charter'' covers a range of written legal documentation, including diplomas, writs and wills. A diploma was a royal charter that granted rights over land or other privileges by the king, whereas a writ was an instruction (or prohibition) by the king which may have contained evidence of rights or privileges. Diplomas were usually written on parchment in Latin, but often contained sections in the vernacular, describing the bounds of estates, which often correspond closely to modern parish boundaries. The writ was authenticated by a seal and gradually replaced the diploma as evidence of land tenure during the late An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ralph The Staller
Ralph the Staller or Ralf the Englishman (died 1069/70) was a noble and landowner in both Anglo-Saxon and post-Conquest England. He first appears in charters from Brittany, where he was described as Ralph / Ralf the Englishman, and it was in Brittany that his son Ralph de Gaël held a large hereditary lordship. The exact nature of his connections to England and Brittany are uncertain. Although he was clearly present in England before 1066 his name Ralph (Radulphus, Ralf, Rauf, Raoul etc.) was continental, and not English. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle contrasts him with his unnamed wife (whom it describes as a Breton), saying that he was born in Norfolk, while both the Norman writer William of Malmesbury and the chronicle of the abbey of Saint-Riquier in France (where he made a grant) describe Ralph the staller as a Breton. Modern historians such as Ann Williams have suggested that his father came to England with Emma of Normandy when she married Aethelred II in 1002. She sugges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
