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Sparnotheriodontidae
Sparnotheriodontidae is an enigmatic extinct family of litopterns known primarily from teeth. Sparnotheriodontids are one of two South American native ungulate clades known to have reached Antarctica, the other being astrapotheres. Description Sparnotheriodontids ranged in size from the mid-sized ''Phoradiadus'' to the large ''Sparnotheriodon''. ''Sparnotheriodon'' and one species of ''Notiolofos'', ''N. arquinotiensis'', have been estimated to have had masses of roughly . Another species of ''Notiolofos'', ''N. regueroi'', was smaller, with a body mass estimated to have been between 25 and 58 kg. Classification The phylogenetic position of Sparnotheriodontidae is uncertain. Most researchers consider them to belong to Litopterna. In contrast, Cifelli and Bergqvist have argued that sparnotheriodontids are condylarths. Their methodology, based on attempting to associate isolated teeth and isolated postcranial bones based on size and relative abundance, has been criticized. Phylo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notiolofos
''Notiolofos'' is an extinct genus of Sparnotheriodontidae, sparnotheriodontid ungulate from the order Litopterna. The animal lived during the Eocene, in modern-day Antarctica. The genus contains two species, ''N. arquinotiensis'', the type species, and ''N. regueroi''. Description ''Notiolofos'' was originally named in 2006 by Bond ''et al.'', as ''Notolophus arquinotiensis'', on the basis of a few fossil Tooth, teeth. However, after the genus was named, it became clear that the name ''Notolophus'' was already in use by a genus of moths, and the genus name was subsequently changed to ''Notiolofos'' by Bond ''et al.'' in 2009. The second species in the genus, ''Notiolofos regueroi'', was named in 2017 by Gelfo, Lopéz & Santillana, based on a single fossil Molar (tooth), molar. Fossils of ''N. arquinotiensis'' have been found in multiple layers of the La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctica, and are dated from 55 to 34 million years ago. However, ''N. regueroi'' is on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorlemoinea
''Victorlemoinea'' is an extinct litoptern genus of the family Sparnotheriodontidae, that lived from the Early to Middle Eocene. Fossils of ''Victorlemoinea'' have been found in the Las Flores, Sarmiento and Koluel Kaike Formations of Argentina, the Itaboraí Formation of Brazil and La Meseta Formation, Antarctica.''Victorlemoinea'' at .org Description ''Victorlemoinea'' was a medium-sized litoptern. '''', ''Victorlemoinea'', and one species of ''[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Litopterns
Litopterna (from "smooth heel") is an extinction, extinct order of South American native ungulates that lived from the Paleocene to the Pleistocene-Holocene around 62.5 million to 12,000 years ago (or possibly as late as 3,500 years ago), and were also present in Antarctica during the Eocene. They represent the second most diverse group of South American ungulates after Notoungulata. It is divided into nine families, with Proterotheriidae and Macraucheniidae being the most diverse and last surviving families. Diversity The body forms of many litopterns, notably in the limb and skull structure, are broadly similar to those of living ungulates, unlike other South American native ungulate groups, which are often strongly divergent from living ungulates. Paleocene and Eocene litopterns generally had small body masses, with ''Protolipterna'' (Protolipternidae) estimated to have had a body mass of , though the Eocene Sparnotheriodontidae, sparnotheriodontids were considerably large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparnotheriodon
''Sparnotheriodon'' is an extinct genus of sparnotheriodontid litoptern that lived during the Middle Eocene of what is now Argentina, leaving fossils in the Sarmiento Formation The Sarmiento Formation (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Formación Sarmiento''), in older literature described as the Casamayor Formation, is a geological formation in Chubut Province, Argentina, in central Patagonia, which spans around 30 million y .... Description ''Sparnotheriodon'' was a medium-sized litoptern. ''Sparnotheriodon'', '' Victorlemoinea'', and one species of '' Notiolofos'', ''N. arquinotiensis'', have been estimated to have had masses of roughly , whereas another species of ''Notiolofos'', ''N. regueroi'', was smaller, with a body mass estimated between 25 and 58 kg, making them one of the largest litopterns of the Paleogene. Litopterns reached such sizes again in the Miocene. Taxonomy ''Sparnotheriodon'' was first named by Miguel Fernando Soria in 1980 on the basis of a mandible and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condylarths
Condylarthra is an informal group – previously considered an order – of extinct placental mammals, known primarily from the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. They are considered early, primitive ungulates and is now largely considered to be a wastebasket taxon, having served as a dumping ground for classifying ungulates which had not been clearly established as part of either Perissodactyla or Artiodactyla, being composed thus of several unrelated lineages. Taxonomic history Condylarthra always was a problematic group. When first described by , Phenacodontidae was the type and only family therein. , however, raised Condylarthra to an order and included a wide range of diverse placentals with generalized dentitions and postcranial skeletons. More recent researchers (i.e. post-WW2) have been more restrictive; either including only a limited number of taxa, or proposing that the term should be abandoned altogether. Due to their primitive characteristics condylarths have been consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleocene
The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palaiós'' meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg extinction event, brought on by an asteroid impact (Chicxulub impact) and possibly volcanism (Deccan Traps), marked the beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and ocean acidification. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florentino Ameghino
Florentino Ameghino (born Giovanni Battista Fiorino Giuseppe Ameghino; September 19, 1853 – August 6, 1911) was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especially on Patagonia, rank with those made in the western United States during the late 19th century. Along with his two brothers – Carlos and Juan – Florentino Ameghino was one of the most important founding figures in South American paleontology. From 1887 until his death, Ameghino was passionately devoted to the study of fossil mammals from Patagonia, with the valuable support of his brother Carlos Ameghino (1865–1936) who, between 1887 and 1902, made 14 trips to that region, where he discovered and collected numerous fossil faunas and made important stratigraphic observations. Biography Ameghino was born on September 19, 1853, in Tessi, an hamlet of Moneglia, a municipality of Liguria in Italy, in what was then the Kingdom of Sardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ypresian First Appearances
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene). Events The Ypresian Age begins during the throes of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The Fur Formation in Denmark, the Messel shales in Germany, the Oise amber of France and Cambay amber of India are of this age. The Eocene Okanagan Highlands are an uplands subtropical to temperate series of lakes from the Ypresian. The Ypresian is additionally marked by another warming event called the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The EECO is the longest sustained warming event in the Cenozoic record, lasting about 2–3 million years between 53 and 50 Ma. The interval is characterized by low oxygen-18 isotopes, high levels of atmospheric p, and low meridional thermal gradie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleogene Mammals Of South America
The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma. It is the first period of the Cenozoic Era, the tenth period of the Phanerozoic and is divided into the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene epochs. The earlier term Tertiary Period was used to define the time now covered by the Paleogene Period and subsequent Neogene Period; despite no longer being recognized as a formal stratigraphic term, "Tertiary" still sometimes remains in informal use. Paleogene is often abbreviated "Pg", although the United States Geological Survey uses the abbreviation "" for the Paleogene on the Survey's geologic maps. Much of the world's modern vertebrate diversity originated in a rapid surge of diversification in the early Paleogene, as survivors of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event took advantage of empty ecologica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
