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Shadow Stock
Shadow stock can mean several different things. One meaning is a stock of an already-listed company which has the same or similar industry as a new-listed company. Since the stock price of new-listed companies mostly boosts up after being listed in a stock market, shadow stocks may also boost up to cope with the trend. However, as the increase in shadow stock price is irrelevant to the performance of the companies themselves, the stock price may drop again after such increasing power fades. Another is a virtual "stock" which is merely a calculated value that a company uses internally to motivate and compensate employees. The calculation strips out the fluctuation that would occur for a real stock due to the general market, and is set using only fundamental analysis of the company's financial performance. Another is a type of stock that passes a certain stock screening method developed by the American Association of Individual Investors The American Association of Individual Inve ...
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Stock
In finance, stock (also capital stock) consists of all the shares by which ownership of a corporation or company is divided.Longman Business English Dictionary: "stock - ''especially AmE'' one of the shares into which ownership of a company is divided, or these shares considered together" "When a company issues shares or stocks ''especially AmE'', it makes them available for people to buy for the first time." (Especially in American English, the word "stocks" is also used to refer to shares.) A single share of the stock means fractional ownership of the corporation in proportion to the total number of shares. This typically entitles the shareholder (stockholder) to that fraction of the company's earnings, proceeds from liquidation of assets (after discharge of all senior claims such as secured and unsecured debt), or voting power, often dividing these up in proportion to the amount of money each stockholder has invested. Not all stock is necessarily equal, as certain classe ...
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Listed Company
A public company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter markets. A public (publicly traded) company can be listed on a stock exchange (listed company), which facilitates the trade of shares, or not (unlisted public company). In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange. In most cases, public companies are ''private'' enterprises in the ''private'' sector, and "public" emphasizes their reporting and trading on the public markets. Public companies are formed within the legal systems of particular states, and therefore have associations and formal designations which are distinct and separate in the polity in which they reside. In the United States, for example, a public company is usually a type of corporation (though a corporation need not be a public company), in the United Kingdom it is usually a public limited company (plc), in Fr ...
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Industry (economics)
In macroeconomics, an industry is a branch of an economy that Production (economics) , produces a closely-related set of raw materials, Good (economics) , goods, or Service (economics) , services. For example, one might refer to the wood industry or to the insurance industry. When evaluating a single group or company, its dominant source of revenue is typically used by industry classifications to classify it within a specific industry. For example the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) – used directly or through derived classifications for the official statistics of most countries worldwide – classifies "statistical units" by the "economic activity in which they mainly engage". Industry is then defined as "set of statistical units that are classified into the same ISIC category". However, a single business need not belong just to one industry, such as when a large business (often referred to as a conglomerate (company), conglomerate) Diversification (m ...
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Stock Market
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include ''securities'' listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investment is usually made with an investment strategy in mind. Size of the market The total market capitalization of all publicly traded securities worldwide rose from US$2.5 trillion in 1980 to US$93.7 trillion at the end of 2020. , there are 60 stock exchanges in the world. Of these, there are 16 exchanges with a market capitalization of $1 trillion or more, and they account for 87% of global market capitalization. Apart from the Australian Securities Exchange, these 16 exchanges are all in North America, Europe, or Asia. By country, the largest stock markets as of January 2022 are ...
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American Association Of Individual Investors
The American Association of Individual Investors is a nonprofit organization with about 150,000 members whose purpose is to educate individual investors regarding stock market portfolios, financial planning, and retirement accounts. AAII "assists individuals in becoming effective managers of their own assets through programs of education, information and research." The organization markets itself as an unbiased source of investment information because of its not-for-profit status. The organization was founded in 1978 by James Cloonan, Ph.D. Over the last thirty years, AAII's members report "investment returns that are consistently higher than those of the stock market as a whole" (using the S&P 500 as reference). Since 2003, AAII has maintained two real portfolios—a shadow stock portfolio and a mutual fund portfolio – for education purposes. These portfolios' returns and contents are available online and, the site reports, have outperformed the market considerably over the cou ...
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STABILITY
Stability may refer to: Mathematics * Stability theory, the study of the stability of solutions to differential equations and dynamical systems ** Asymptotic stability ** Linear stability ** Lyapunov stability ** Orbital stability ** Structural stability * Stability (probability), a property of probability distributions * Stability (learning theory), a property of machine learning algorithms *Stability, a property of sorting algorithms * Numerical stability, a property of numerical algorithms which describes how errors in the input data propagate through the algorithm * Stability radius, a property of continuous polynomial functions * Stable theory, concerned with the notion of stability in model theory *Stability, a property of points in geometric invariant theory * K-Stability, a stability condition for algebraic varieties. * Bridgeland stability conditions, a class of stability conditions on elements of a triangulated category. * Stability (algebraic geometry) Engineering *In a ...
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