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Radio Resource Location Services Protocol
Radio resource location services (LCS) protocol (RRLP) applies to GSM and UMTS Cellular Networks. It is used to exchange messages between a handset and an SMLC in order to provide geolocation information; e.g., in the case of emergency calls. The protocol was developed in order to fulfil the Wireless Enhanced 911 requirements in the United States. However, since the protocol does not require any authentication, and it can be used outside a voice call or SMS transfer, its use is not restricted to emergency calls and can be used by law enforcement to pinpoint the exact geolocation of the target's mobile phone. RRLP was first specified in 3GPP TS 04.31 - Location Services (LCS); Mobile Station (MS) - Serving Mobile Location Centre (SMLC); Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP). Harald Welte proved at HAR2009 that many high-end smart-phones submit their GPS location to the mobile operator when requested. This happened without any sort of authentication. RRLP parameters Positioning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UMTS
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunication Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology. UMTS uses wideband code-division multiple access ( W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators. UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes the radio access network ( UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, or UTRAN), the core network (Mobile Application Part, or MAP) and the authentication of users via SIM ( subscriber identity module) cards. The technology described in UMTS is sometimes also referred to as Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) or 3GSM. Unlike EDGE (IMT Single-Carrier, based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMLC
Serving Mobile Location Center In GSM Networks, the SMLC is a network element that resides in the BSC (Base Station Controller) and calculates network-based location of mobile stations (handsets). The SMLC may control several LMUs (Location Measurement Units), which measure radio signals to help find mobile stations in the area served by the SMLC. It can calculate location using the TA (Timing Advance) method. The SMLC communicates with the GMLC {{context, date=January 2020 The Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) contains functionality required to support location-based service (LBS). In one public land mobile network (PLMN), there may be more than one GMLC. The GMLC is the first node an ..., which is the interface to external LCS clients.GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance - Second Edition p. 134 Notes GSM standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E911
Enhanced 911, E-911 or E911 is a system used in North America to automatically provide the caller's location to 911 dispatchers. 911 is the universal emergency telephone number in the region. In the European Union, a similar system exists known as E112 (where 112 is the emergency access number) and known as eCall when called by a vehicle. An incoming 911 call is routed to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), which is a call center operated by the local government. At the PSAP, the call is answered by a specially trained official known as a 9-1-1 dispatcher. The dispatcher's computer receives information from the telephone company about the physical address (for landlines) or geographic coordinates (for wireless) of the caller. This information is used to dispatch police, fire, medical and other services as needed. Call routing Landline routing Calls to 911 over the public switched telephone network (PSTN) are routed to a special router (known as Selective Router, or 9-1-1 Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harald Welte
Harald Welte, also known as LaForge, is a German programmer. Welte is the founder of the free software project Osmocom and was formerly involved in the netfilter/iptables and Openmoko projects. He is a member of the Chaos Computer Club. Biography Until 2007, Welte was the chairman of the core team responsible for the netfilter/iptables project. He is also credited with writing the ''UUCP over SSL how-to'', and contributions to User-mode Linux and international encryption kernel projects, among others. Welte has become prominent for his work with gpl-violations.org, an organisation he set up in 2004 to track down and prosecute violators of the GPL, which had been untested in court until then. Welte was part of Openmoko team, a project to create a smartphone platform using free software. However, in 2007, Welte announced his withdrawal from Openmoko, citing internal friction and demotivation. He continues to contribute as a volunteer to the project. On 25 July 2008, VIA T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacking At Random
Hacking may refer to: Places * Hacking, an area within Hietzing, Vienna, Austria People * Douglas Hewitt Hacking, 1st Baron Hacking (1884–1950), British Conservative politician * Ian Hacking (born 1936), Canadian philosopher of science * David Hacking, 3rd Baron Hacking (born 1938), British barrister and peer Sports * Hacking (falconry), the practice of raising falcons in captivity then later releasing into the wild * Hacking (rugby), tripping an opposing player * Pleasure riding, horseback riding for purely recreational purposes, also called hacking * Shin-kicking, an English martial art also called hacking Technology * Hacker, a computer expert with advanced technical knowledge ** Hacker culture, activity within the computer programmer subculture * Security hacker, someone who breaches defenses in a computer system ** Cybercrime, which involves security hacking * Phone hacking, gaining unauthorized access to phones * ROM hacking, the process of modifying a video game's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-OTD
Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) is a standard for the location of mobile telephones. The location method works by multilateration. The standardisation was first carried out for GSM by the GSM standard committees (T1P1.5 and ETIS) in LCS Release 98 and Release 99. The standardisation was continued for 3G and WCDMA mobile telephones by 3GPP. Conceptually, the method is similar to U-TDOA, however, it involves time difference measurements being made in the handset rather than the network, and a mechanism to pseudo-synchronise the network. The handset makes an observation of the time difference of arrival of signals from two different base stations. These observations are known as Observed Time Difference (OTD). The handset measures the OTD between a number of different base stations. If the base stations were synchronised, then a single OTD defines a hyperbolic locus. A second, independent OTD, for which one of the observed base stations is spatially distinct from those in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base Transceiver Station
A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity, or antennas mounted on buildings or telecommunication towers. The network can be that of any of the wireless communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, wireless local loop, Wi-Fi, WiMAX or other wide area network (WAN) technology. BTS is also referred to as the '' node B'' (in 3G networks) or, simply, the ''base station'' (BS). For discussion of the LTE standard the abbreviation '' eNB'' for evolved node B is widely used, and GNodeB for 5G. Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards, it is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also have e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobile Telecommunications Standards
Mobile may refer to: Places * Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city * Mobile County, Alabama * Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S. * Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Mobile (band), a Canadian rock band * Mobiles (band), a 1980s British band Other uses in music * ''Mobile'' (album), a 1999 album by Brazilian Paulinho Moska * "Mobile" (song), a 2003 song by Avril Lavigne from ''Let Go'' * "Mobile", a song by Gentle Giant from the album ''Free Hand'' Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * Mobile (sculpture), a kinetic sculpture constructed to take advantage of the principle of equilibrium * ''Mobile'' (TV series), a British ITV drama * "Mobile", a short story by J. G. Ballard, later renamed "Venus Smiles" * Mobile, a feature of the game ''GunBound'' * ''Mobile Magazine'', a publication on portable electronics Military and law enforcement * '' Garde Mobile'', historic French military unit * Mobile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
