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Rōjū
The , usually translated as ''Elder (administrative title), Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''shōguns'', there were only two ''Rōjū''. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The ''Rōjū'' were usually appointed from the ranks of the ''fudai daimyōs'' with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 ''koku''. Duties The ''Rōjū'' had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: :#Relations with the Emperor of Japan, Emperor, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. :#Supervision of those ''daimyō'' who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 ''koku''. :#Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications. :#Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakakibara Yasumasa
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Sengoku period through early Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. As one of the Tokugawa family's foremost military commanders, he was considered one of its Shitennō (Tokugawa clan), "Four Guardian Kings" (''shitennō'' 四天王) along with Sakai Tadatsugu, Honda Tadakatsu and Ii Naomasa. One of his most notable military accomplishments occurred during the Battle of Anegawa when he changed the tide of the battle with a flanking maneuver. He is also famous for conquering many Takeda clan castles in Tōtōmi Province from 1574-1579. His court title during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's government was ''Shikibu-shō, Shikibu-Shō'' (式部大輔).Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "Sakakibara Yasumasa" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File. During Tokugawa shogunate, he was appointed as Rōjū, or elder councilor. Biography Sakakibara Yasumasa was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōkubo Tadachika
, or also known as , was ''daimyō'' of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early Edo period, Japan. Ōkubo Tadachika was the son of Ōkubo Tadayo, a Fudai daimyō hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa clan in what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi. He entered into service as a samurai from age 11, and took his first head in battle at the age of 16. Ōkubo Tadachika appointed as Rōjū After the establishment of Tokugawa shogunate. He came to be regarded as one of Ieyasu's most experienced and trusted advisors, along with Honda Masanobu. He was most known in history for his political career's demise due to the "Ōkubo clan's incidents", which caused him stripped from most of his domains control and exiled by the Shogunate. He also known for his work of ''Mikawa Monogatari'' chronicle, which recorded the history of Tokugawa Ieyasu's rise to power and the early Tokugawa shogunate. Biography Ōkubo Tadachika was born in 1553. He served Tokugawa Ieyasu from 1563 and made fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyōjōsho
The , established in 1225 b Hōjō Yasutoki, was a judicial council in Japan. Overview During the Tokugawa shogunate it was composed of the ''Rōjū'' (Elders), the highest officials in the shogunate government, and a number of Commissioners called ''Bugyō'', who headed certain executive departments. The role of the council was partially executive, and partially judicial, and they served from a Council Chamber within Edo Castle. Unlike many modern governmental councils or organizations, the ''Hyōjōsho'' members had other responsibilities and powers, outside of being members of the council. In addition to the ''Rōjū'', the members of the ''Hyōjōsho'' were the '' Machi-bugyō'' (City Commissioners), '' Jisha-Bugyō'' (Commissioners of Shrines and Temples), '' Kanjō-Bugyō'' (Finance Commissioners), and the '' Ō-Metsuke'' (Chief Inspectors). Summary of each clan grading office Each clan also had an organization that judged the samurai under its own jurisdiction as well, and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotta Masayoshi
was the 5th Hotta ''daimyō'' of the Sakura Domain in the Japanese Edo period, who served as chief ''rōjū'' in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa shogunate, where he played an important role in the negotiations of the Ansei Treaties with various foreign powers.Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). "Hotta Masayoshi" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Early life Hotta Masayoshi was the younger son of the 3rd ''daimyō'' of Sakura, Hotta Masatoki, and was born at the domain's Edo residence. On the death of his father in 1811, he was adopted by his elder brother, the 4th daimyo of Sakura, Hotta Masachika, to secure the family succession. Masachika was of sickly physique and by 1824 there was a movement by the senior line of the Hotta clan to have him removed from office, and replaced by the son of Hotta Masatsu, the daimyo of Katada Domain and a '' wakadoshiyori'' in the government. This was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ieyasu became the ''shōgun,'' and the Tokugawa clan governed Japan from Edo Castle in the eastern city of Edo (Tokyo), Edo (Tokyo) along with the ''daimyō'' lords of the ''samurai'' class. The Tokugawa shogunate organized Japanese society under the strict Edo society, Tokugawa class system and banned most foreigners under the isolationist policies of ''Sakoku'' to promote political stability. The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each ''daimyō'' administering a ''Han system, han'' (feudal domain), although the country was still nominally organized as provinces of Japan, imperial provinces. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan experienced rapid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abe Masahiro
was the chief senior councilor ('' rōjū'') in the Tokugawa shogunate of the Bakumatsu period at the time of the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry on his mission to open Japan to the outside world. Abe was instrumental in the eventual signing of the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Abe did not sign the treaty himself or participate in the negotiations in person; this was done by his plenipotentiary Hayashi Akira. His courtesy title was ''Ise-no-kami''. Biography Early life Abe Masahiro was born in his family's residence outside Edo Castle. He was the 5th son of Abe Masakiyo, the 5th ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama Domain. Upon his father's death in 1826, his elder brother Masayasu became ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama; Abe was moved to the domain's ''naka-yashiki'' ("middle residence") in Hongō, Edo (modern-day Bunkyō, Tokyo). However, in 1836, Masayasu adopted his brother as heir. Abe became clan leader and ''daimyō'' of Fukuyama upon his brother's retirement on December 25, 1836. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aoyama Tadanari
was a Tokugawa general and chief retainer at the end of the Sengoku and start of the Edo period. He was the father of Aoyama Tadatoshi, and the Aoyama region of Shibuya is named after him. History The Aoyama clan were provincial lords of Dōdo village, Nukata District in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture">Aichi). Aoyama Tadakado">Mikawa Province (present Okazaki, Aichi">Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture">Aichi). Aoyama Tadakado, Tadanari's father, served both Matsudaira Hirotada and Tokugawa Ieyasu, and thus Tadanari served near Ieyasu since he was young. In 1572, his father died in battle with Takeda Shingen and Tadanari inherited the estate. Tadanari was highly trusted by Ieyasu, and in 1585 he commanded him to guard his son Hidetada. In 1588, Tadanari accompanied Hidetada to the capital where he was granted Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade of Hitachi Province by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In 1590 Ieyasu relocates to Kantō and promotes Tadanari to magistrate of Edo with lands worth 5,000 koku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honda Masazumi
(1566 – April 5, 1637) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. He later became a ''daimyō'', and one of the first rōjū of the Tokugawa shogunate. Masazumi was born in 1565; he was the eldest son of Honda Masanobu. Father and son served Tokugawa Ieyasu together. Masazumi was in the main force at Sekigahara; after the battle, Masazumi was entrusted with the guardianship of the defeated Ishida Mitsunari. Masazumi was made a daimyo in 1608, with an income of 33,000 koku. Ieyasu trusted Honda sufficiently to have relied on him as an intermediary for diplomatic initiatives with China.Miauno Norihito (2003)''China in Tokugawa Foreign Relations: The Tokugawa Bakufu’s Perception of and Attitudes toward Ming-Qing China,'' p. 109.citing Fujii Jōji (藤井譲二). (1994). "Junana seiki no Nihon: buke no kokka no keisei" (十七世紀の日本：武家の国家の形成), in ''Iwanami kōza Nihon tsūshi'' (岩波 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arai Hakuseki
was a Confucianist, scholar-bureaucrat, academic, administrator, writer and politician in Japan during the middle of the Edo period, who advised the ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ienobu. His personal name was Kinmi or Kimiyoshi (君美). Hakuseki (白石) was his pen name. His father was a Kururi han samurai Arai Masazumi (新井 正済). Biography Hakuseki was born in Edo and from a very early age displayed signs of genius. According to one story, at the age of three Hakuseki managed to copy a Confucian book written in Kanji, character by character. Because he was born on the same year as the Great Fire of Meireki and because he was hot tempered and his brow would crease looking like 火 or "fire", he was affectionately called ''Hi no Ko'' (火の子) or ''child of fire''. He was a retainer of Hotta Masatoshi, but after Masatoshi was assassinated by Inaba Masayasu, the Hotta clan was forced to move from Sakura to Yamagata then to Fukushima and the domain's income declined. Haku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honda Masanobu
was a commander and ''daimyō'' in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Japan during the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods. In 1563, when an uprising against Ieyasu occurred in Mikawa Province, Masanobu took the side of the peasants against Ieyasu at Battle of Batogahara. He fled from the Tokugawa, rejoining them in the 1570s or 1580s at the behest of Ōkubo Tadayo, and accompanied Ieyasu as he crossed Iga Province following the assassination of Oda Nobunaga at Honnō-ji. In 1600, Masanobu joined Tokugawa Hidetada's army for the march along the Nakasendō. En route, however, Hidetada attacked Sanada Masayuki at Ueda Castle against Masanobu's advice, and together they arrived late for the Battle of Sekigahara. Masanobu was a member of the Tokugawa shogunate and ruled a Han in Sagami Province assessed at 22,000 ''koku''. He was present at the siege of Osaka A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga, Oda Nobunaga and fellow Oda clan, Oda subordinate Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The son of a minor daimyo, Ieyasu once lived as a hostage under daimyo Imagawa Yoshimoto on behalf of his father. He later succeeded as daimyo after his father's death, serving as ally, vassal, and general of the Oda clan, and building up his strength under Oda Nobunaga. After Oda Nobunaga's death, Ieyasu was briefly a rival of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, before declaring his allegiance to Toyotomi and fighting on his behalf. Under Toyotomi, Ieyasu was relocated to the Kantō region, Kanto plains in eastern Japan, away from the Toyotomi power base in Osaka. He built Edo Castle, his castle in the fishing village of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Category:Japanese Words And Phrases ...
{{Commons Words and phrases by language Words Words Words A word is a basic element of language that carries meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consensus among linguists on its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
