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Rhizodont
Rhizodontida is an extinct group of predatory tetrapodomorphs known from many areas of the world from the Givetian through to the Pennsylvanian - the earliest known species is about 377 million years ago (Mya), the latest around 310 Mya. Rhizodonts lived in tropical rivers and freshwater lakes and were the dominant predators of their age. They reached huge sizes - the largest known species, '' Rhizodus hibberti'' from Europe and North America, was an estimated 7 m in length, making it the largest freshwater fish known. Description The upper jaw had a marginal row of small teeth on the maxilla and premaxilla, medium-sized fangs on the ectopterygoid and dermopalatine bones, and large tusks on the vomers and premaxillae. On the lower jaw were marginal teeth on the dentary, with fangs on the three coronoids and a huge tusk at the symphysial tip of the dentary. Apparently, the left and right mandibles rotated inwards towards each other on biting. This may have been a kinetic me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barameda
''Barameda'' (Indigenous Australian language: "fish trap") is a genus of rhizodont Sarcopterygii, lobe-finned fishes which lived during the Tournaisian stage near the start of the Carboniferous period in Australia; fossils of the genus have been reported from the Snowy Plains Formation. The largest member of this genus, ''Barameda decipiens'', reached an estimated length of around , while the smallest species, ''B. mitchelli'' is estimated to have had a length of about . Description Species of the genus ''Barameda'' had an extremely elongated and thick body typical of Carboniferous Rhizodontidae, rhizodonts. It was covered with moderately thin, cycloidal fish scale, scales, with thick bony plates covering its head and operculum (fish), operculum (gill flaps), a tightly fused Skull roof, and extremely prominent, sharp fangs, devoid of serrations or cutting edges. Its scales preserved a lateral line. Originally it was estimated to have a typical narrow Fish fin, pectoral fin, howev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizodus
''Rhizodus'' ("root tooth") is an extinct genus of basal, finned tetrapodomorphs (the group of sarcopterygians that contains modern tetrapods and their extinct relatives). It belonged to Rhizodontida, one of the earliest-diverging tetrapodomorph clades. Two valid species have been described, both of which lived during the Early Carboniferous epoch. The type species ''R. hibberti'' is known from the Viséan stage of the United Kingdom, whereas the species ''R. serpukhovensis'' is from the Serpukhovian of Russia. Some fossils referred to the genus ''Rhizodus'' have also been found in North America. History A partial lower jaw attributed to a rhizodontiform, PIN no. 2878/581, was discovered in 2000 in the Zaborie quarry of Serpukhovsky District, Russia. The specimen consists of the middle part of the lower jaw, which includes the two coronoid fangs as well as marginal teeth. In 2022, it was formally described as the holotype of the new species ''R. serpukhovensis''. Dating from the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letognathus
''Letognathus'' is a genus of rhizodont tetrapodomorph that lived during the Carboniferous period. Its remains come from the Blue Beach Member of the Horton Bluff Formation, near Hantsport, Nova Scotia. Like most rhizodonts, it was of relatively large size, had a large recurved fang at the symphysis of the lower jaw, and a row of three coronoid fangs along the length of the jaw in addition to its marginal dentition. ''Letognathus'' is important for rhizodont systematics because it retains a number of primitive features, such as ossified Meckel's cartilage, are not found in the genera ''Rhizodus'' and '' Strepsodus''. Taxonomic History The members of the Rhizodontida have nearly all had complex taxonomic historiesJeffery, J.E. 2006. The Carboniferous fish genera ''Strepsodus'' and ''Archichthys'' (Rhizodontida: Sarcopterygii): clarifying 150 years of confusion. ''Palaeontology'' 49: 113-132 due to earlier use of the genus ''Strepsodus'' as a wastebasket taxon. The taxon was o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gooloogongia Loomesi Reconstruction
''Gooloogongia'' ( ) is a genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish which belonged to the group of rhizodont fishes. ''Gooloogongia'' lived during the Late Devonian period (Famennian stage, about 360 million years ago). Fossils have been found in the Canowindra site, (Australia). It was named by Zerina Johanson and Per Ahlberg in 1998. In general size and shape ''Gooloogongia'' is similar to the modern saratoga which lives in the tropical rivers of northern Australia. ''Gooloogongia loomesi'' ("Loomes' Gooloogong") named after Bruce Loomes, the foreman of the 1993 excavation of the Canowindra site, and the town of Gooloogong, NSW. Description ''Gooloogongia'' was large in size (about 90 cm). Like other lobe-finned fishes, ''Gooloogongia'' had two rows of teeth in the jaw, the outer row being small teeth, and the inner row being larger fangs. The fangs of ''Gooloogongia'' are sharp and needle-like, but they were probably not strong enough to penetrate the armor plating of smal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauripterus
''Sauripterus'' ("lizard wing") is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fish that lived during the Devonian The Devonian ( ) is a period (geology), geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era during the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian per ... period. This genus was described by J. Hall after its discovery at Powy's Curve in the Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania, US. ''Sauripterus'' utilized its radial joints and flexors to stiffen its fins, facilitating various swimming movements. T.A. Stewart,J.B. Lemberg,N.K. Taft,I. Yoo,E.B. Daeschler,& N.H. Shubin, Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117 (3) 1612-1620,(2020). Marcus C. Davis, Shubin, N., & Daeschler, E. B. (2004). A New Specimen of Sauripterus taylori (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Famennian Catskill Formation of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauripterus Taylori
''Sauripterus'' ("lizard wing") is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fish that lived during the Devonian period. This genus was described by J. Hall after its discovery at Powy's Curve in the Catskill Formation The Devonian Catskill Formation or the Catskill Clastic Wedge is a unit of mostly terrestrial sedimentary rock found in Pennsylvania and New York. Minor marine layers exist in this thick rock unit (up to ). It is equivalent to the Hampshire Fo ... of Pennsylvania, US. ''Sauripterus'' utilized its radial joints and flexors to stiffen its fins, facilitating various swimming movements. T.A. Stewart,J.B. Lemberg,N.K. Taft,I. Yoo,E.B. Daeschler,& N.H. Shubin, Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117 (3) 1612-1620,(2020). Marcus C. Davis, Shubin, N., & Daeschler, E. B. (2004). A New Specimen of Sauripterus taylori (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Famennian Catskill Formation of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archichthys
''Archichthys'' is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fish that lived throughout the Carboniferous period. Fossils have been found in Northern Ireland and England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It .... References External links Fossil specimen: NEWHM NEWHM: G59.64 d – Holotype Carboniferous bony fish Monotypic prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Rhizodontida {{paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strepsodus
''Strepsodus'' is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fish that lived throughout the Carboniferous period. Fossils have been found in eastern Canada, Britain (England and Scotland), and Queensland, Australia; indeterminate species of ''Strepsodus'' have also been found in the late Devonian The Devonian ( ) is a period (geology), geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era during the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian per ... deposits of Turkey, Iran and Colombia. A large individual is measured up to long. References Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Carboniferous fish of North America Prehistoric fish of Australia Rhizodontida {{Paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Screbinodus
''Screbinodus'' is a genus of rhizodonts lobe-finned fish that lived during the Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ... period. References Rhizodontida Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera Mississippian sarcopterygians of Europe {{paleo-tetrapodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dermopalatine
In anatomy, the palatine bones (; derived from the Latin ''palatum'') are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat. Together with the maxilla, they comprise the hard palate. Structure The palatine bones are situated at the back of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. They contribute to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbits. They help to form the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossae, and the inferior orbital fissures. Each palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a horizontal plate, a perpendicular plate, and three projecting processes—the pyramidal process, which is directed backward and lateral from the junction of the two parts, and the orbital and sphenoidal processes, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a deep notch, the sphe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vomer
The vomer (; ) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum in humans, with the superior part formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The name is derived from the Latin word for a ploughshare and the shape of the bone. In humans The vomer is situated in the median plane, but its anterior portion is frequently bent to one side. It is thin, somewhat quadrilateral in shape, and forms the hinder and lower part of the nasal septum; it has two surfaces and four borders. The surfaces are marked by small furrows for blood vessels, and on each is the nasopalatine groove, which runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the nasopalatine nerve and vessels. Borders The ''superior border'', the thickest, presents a deep furrow, bounded on eith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
