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Rhinestone
A rhinestone, paste or diamanté ( , ) is a diamond simulant originally made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic. Origins Originally, rhinestones were rock crystals gathered from the river Rhine, hence the name, although some were also found in areas like the Alps (the source of the Rhine). Today the name "rhinestone" applies only to varieties of lead glass known as crystal glass. The availability of such products increased greatly in the 18th century when the Alsatian jeweller Georg Friedrich Strass (1701–1773) developed imitation diamonds by coating the lower side of lead glass with metal powder. Many European languages use the word ''strass'' (or equivalent) to refer to rhinestones. As opposed to the classic rhinestones, which had a metal-powder coating on the bottom side only, several companies have opted to mass-produce iridescent lead glass by reducing the metal-coating thickness and applying it uniformly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nudie Cohn
Nuta Kotlyarenko (; December 15, 1902 – May 9, 1984), known professionally as Nudie Cohn, was a Ukrainian-American tailor who designed decorative rhinestone-covered suits, known popularly as "Nudie Suits", and other elaborate outfits for some of the most famous celebrities of his era. He also became famous for his outrageous customized automobiles. Early life Kotlyarenko was born in Kiev on December 15, 1902, to a Jewish family. To escape the pogroms of Czarist Russia, his parents sent him at age 11, with his brother Julius, to America. For a time he criss-crossed the country, working as a shoeshine boy and later a boxer. He later claimed associating with gangster Pretty Boy Floyd. While living in a boardinghouse in Mankato, Minnesota, he met Helen "Bobbie" Kruger, and married her in 1934. In the midst of the Great Depression the newlyweds moved to New York City and opened their first store, "Nudie's for the Ladies", specializing in custom-made undergarments for showgirls. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Diamond Simulant
A diamond simulant, diamond imitation or imitation diamond is an object or material with gemology, gemological characteristics similar to those of a diamond. Simulants are distinct from synthetic diamonds, which are actual diamonds exhibiting the same material properties of diamond, material properties as natural diamonds. Diamond enhancement, Enhanced diamonds are also excluded from this definition. A diamond simulant may be artificial, natural, or in some cases a combination thereof. While their material properties depart markedly from those of diamond, simulants have certain desired characteristics—such as dispersion (optics), dispersion and hardness—which lend themselves to imitation. Trained gemologists with appropriate equipment are able to distinguish natural and synthetic diamonds from all diamond simulants, primarily by visual inspection. The most common diamond simulants are high-Flint glass, leaded glass (i.e., rhinestones) and cubic zirconia (CZ), both artificial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Swarovski
Swarovski (, ) is an Austrian producer of glass based in Wattens, Tyrol. It was founded in 1895 by Daniel Swarovski. The company is split into three major industry areas: the Swarovski Crystal Business, which primarily produces crystal glass, jewelry, rhinestone, watches and accessories; Swarovski Optik, which produces optical instruments such as telescopes, telescopic sights for rifles, and binoculars; and Tyrolit, a manufacturer of grinding, sawing, drilling, and dressing tools, as well as a supplier of tools and machines. Today, the Swarovski Crystal Business is one of the highest-grossing business units within Swarovski, with a global reach of approximately 3,000 stores in roughly 170 countries, more than 29,000 employees, and a revenue of about 2.7 billion euros (in 2018). Swarovski is now run by the fifth generation of family members. It has been announced, however, that for the first time in the company's key history, senior management positions will come to be fil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Georg Friedrich Strass
Georg Friedrich Strass (; 29 May 1701, Wolfisheim near Strasbourg – 22 December 1773) was a jeweler and inventor of imitation gemstones from Alsace.Maurice Moszberger (dir.), Dictionnaire historique des rues de Strasbourg, Le Verger, Barr, 2012 (nieuwe herziene uitgave), p. 156, ISBN 9782845741393 He is best known as the inventor of the rhinestone, called ''strass'' in many European languages, from a particular type of crystal he found in the river Rhine. He used mixtures of bismuth and thallium to improve the refractive quality of his imitations, and altered their colors with metal salt (chemistry), salts. The imitations were, in his view, so similar to real gems that he invented the concept of the "simulated gemstone" to describe them. He considerably improved his gems' brilliance by gluing metal foil behind them. This foil was later replaced with a vapor-deposited mirror coating. Strass opened his own business in 1730, and devoted himself wholly to the development of diamo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Strass (1701–1773), Alsatian jeweler who invented the rhinestone
{{disambiguation, geo, surname ...
Strass, Stras, or Straß may refer to: Places in Austria * Strass im Zillertal, a municipality in Tyrol * Straß in Steiermark, a municipality in Styria * Straß im Straßertale, a municipality in Lower Austria * Straß im Attergau, a municipality in Upper Austria Other uses * Rhinestone or ''strass'' * Syndicat du travail sexuel (STRASS), a sex worker organisation in France. People with the surname * Barbara Strass (born 1974), Austrian former international team handball player * Beata Sabina Straas ''or'' Strass (before 1737–1773) * David Stras, a professor of law at the University of Minnesota Law School * Georg Friedrich Strass Georg Friedrich Strass (; 29 May 1701, Wolfisheim near Strasbourg – 22 December 1773) was a jeweler and inventor of imitation gemstones from Alsace.Maurice Moszberger (dir.), Dictionnaire historique des rues de Strasbourg, Le Verger, Barr, 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Louis Comfort Tiffany
Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 – January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in stained glass. He is associated with the art nouveauLander, David"The Buyable Past: Quezal Glass" '' American Heritage'' (April/May 2006) and aesthetic art movements. He was affiliated with a prestigious collaborative of designers known as the Associated Artists, which included Lockwood de Forest, Candace Wheeler, and Samuel Colman. Tiffany designed stained glass windows and lamps, glass mosaics, blown glass, ceramics, jewelry, enamels, and metalwork. He was the first design director at his family company, Tiffany & Co., founded by his father Charles Lewis Tiffany. Early life and education Tiffany was born in New York City, the son of Charles Lewis Tiffany, founder of Tiffany and Company, and Harriet Olivia Avery Young. He attended school at Pennsylvania Military Academy in Chester, Pennsylvania, and Eagle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Carnival Glass
Carnival glass is moulded or pressed glass to which an iridescent surface shimmer has been applied. It has previously been referred to as aurora glass, dope glass, rainbow glass, taffeta glass, and disparagingly as 'poor man's Tiffany'. The name Carnival glass was adopted by collectors in the 1950s as items of it were sometimes given as prizes at carnivals, fetes, and fairgrounds. However, evidence suggests that the vast majority of it was purchased by households to brighten homes at a time when only the well-off could afford bright electric lighting, as its finish catches the light even in dark corners. From the beginning of the 20th century, carnival glass was mass-produced around the world, but largely and initially in the U.S. It reached the height of its popularity in the 1920s, though it is still produced in small quantities today. Carnival glass gets its iridescent sheen from the application of metallic salts while the glass is still hot from the pressing. It was designed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Fenton Art Glass Company
The Fenton Art Glass Company is a glass manufacturer founded in 1905 by brothers Frank L. Fenton and John W. Fenton. History The original factory was in an old glass factory in Martins Ferry, Ohio, in 1905. The factory at one time was owned by the former West Virginia Glass Company. At first they painted glass blanks from other glass makers, but started making their own glass when they became unable to buy the materials they needed. They moved across the Ohio River to Williamstown, West Virginia, and built a factory in 1906. The first year for glass production was 1907. In 1908 John Fenton left the company and founded the Millersburg glass company in Millersburg, OH. Frank Fenton was the designer and decorator. From 1905 to 1920, the designs made there were heavily influenced by two other glass companies: Tiffany and Steuben. But the many different colors were the work of Jacob Rosenthal, a famous glass chemist who is known for developing chocolate and golden agate glass. Towa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Aurora Borealis
An aurora ( aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly observed in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of radiant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky. Auroras are the result of disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere caused by enhanced speeds of solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere ( thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying color and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of accelera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Physical Vapor Deposition
Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from a condensed phase to a vapor phase and then back to a thin film condensed phase. The most common PVD processes are Sputter coating, sputtering and Evaporation (deposition), evaporation. PVD is used in the manufacturing of items which require thin films for optical, mechanical, electrical, acoustic or chemical functions. Examples include semiconductor devices such as thin-film solar cells, microelectromechanical devices such as thin film bulk acoustic resonator, aluminized Polyethylene terephthalate, PET film for food packaging and balloons, and titanium nitride coated cutting tools for metalworking. Besides PVD tools for fabrication, special smaller tools used mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Favrile Glass
Favrile glass is a term originally used as a trade name for art glass produced at Tiffany Furnaces, a glassmaking factory owned by Louis Comfort Tiffany. In modern times, the term is often used to describe the type of iridescent glass Tiffany produced there. While first produced in the United States by Tiffany, this glass, a kind of lustred glass, was actually invented by Arthur J. Nash, inspired by the iridescence of corroded glassware unearthed from Roman ruins. Tiffany lustred glass has a "soft, satiny sheen" due to Tiffany's use of opaque glass, in contrast to the "mirrorlike finish" achieved by some European varieties of lustred glass, which used transparent glass. Tiffany used this glass in the stained-glass windows designed and made by his studio. His largest and most significant work using Favrile glass is ''Dream Garden'' (1916), commissioned by the Curtis Publishing Company for their headquarters in Philadelphia and designed by Maxfield Parrish. It is now owned by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
