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Readymade
A found object (a calque from the French ''objet trouvé''), or found art, is art created from undisguised, but often modified, items or products that are not normally considered materials from which art is made, often because they already have a non-art function. Pablo Picasso first publicly utilized the idea when he pasted a printed image of chair caning onto his painting titled '' Still Life with Chair Caning'' (1912). Marcel Duchamp is thought to have perfected the concept several years later when he made a series of readymades, consisting of completely unaltered everyday objects selected by Duchamp and designated as art. The most famous example is ''Fountain'' (1917), a standard urinal purchased from a hardware store and displayed on a pedestal, resting on its back. In its strictest sense the term "readymade" is applied exclusively to works produced by Marcel Duchamp, who borrowed the term from the clothing industry () while living in New York, and especially to works dati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Readymades Of Marcel Duchamp
The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, as an antidote to what he called "retinal art".Tomkins: ''Duchamp: A Biography'', page 158. By simply choosing the object (or objects) and repositioning or joining, titling and signing it, the found object became art. Duchamp was not interested in what he called "retinal art"—art that was only visual—and sought other methods of expression. As an antidote to retinal art he began creating readymades in 1914, when the term was commonly used in the United States to describe manufactured items to distinguish them from handmade goods. He selected the pieces on the basis of "visual indifference",Cabanne: ''Dialogs with Marcel Duchamp'', Thames and Hudson (1971), page 48. ''Cabanne: What determined your choice of readymades? Duchamp: That depended on the object. In general, I had to beware, at the end of fifteen days, you begin to like it or hate it. You have to approach somethin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fountain (Duchamp)
''Fountain'' is a readymade sculpture by Marcel Duchamp in 1917, consisting of a porcelain urinal signed "R. Mutt". In April 1917, an ordinary piece of plumbing chosen by Duchamp was submitted for the inaugural exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists, to be staged at the Grand Central Palace in New York. When explaining the purpose of his readymade sculpture, Duchamp stated they are "everyday objects raised to the dignity of a work of art by the artist's act of choice." In Duchamp's presentation, the urinal's orientation was altered from its usual positioning.Gavin Parkinson, ''The Duchamp Book: Tate Essential Artists Series'' Harry N. Abrams, 2008, p. 61, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, ; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, Futurism and conceptual art. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. He has had an immense impact on 20th- and 21st-century art, and a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. Duchamp is remembered as a pioneering figure partly because of the two famous scandals he provoked -- his ''Nude Descending a Staircase'' that was the most talked-about work of the landmark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven
Elsa Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven (née Else Hildegard Plötz; 12 July 1874 – 14 December 1927) was a German avant-garde visual artist and poet, who was active in Greenwich Village, New York, from 1913 to 1923, where her radical self-displays came to embody a living Dada. She was considered one of the most controversial and radical women artists of the era. Her provocative poetry was published posthumously in 2011 in '' Body Sweats: The Uncensored Writings of Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven''. ''The New York Times'' praised the book as one of the notable art books of 2011. Early life Elsa Plötz was born on 12 July 1874, in Swinemünde in Pomerania, Germany, to Adolf Plötz, a mason, and Ida Marie Kleist. Her relationship with her father was temperamental—she emphasized how controlling he was in the family, as well as how cruel, yet big-hearted he was. In her art, she related the ways that political structures promote masculine authority in family settings, maintaining the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tracey Emin
Dame Tracey Karima Emin (; born 3 July 1963) is an English artist known for autobiographical and confessional artwork. She produces work in a variety of media including drawing, painting, sculpture, film, photography, Neon lighting, neon text and sewn appliqué. Once the "wikt:enfant terrible#English, enfant terrible" of the Young British Artists in the 1980s, Tracey Emin is now a Royal Academy of Arts, Royal Academician. In 1997, her work ''Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995'', a tent appliquéd with the names of everyone the artist had ever slept with, was shown at Charles Saatchi's ''Sensation (exhibition), Sensation'' exhibition held at the Royal Academy of Arts, Royal Academy in London. In the same year, she gained considerable media exposure when she swore repeatedly when drunk on a live British TV discussion programme called ''The Death of Painting''.(18 March 2005)Tracey Emin – Artist ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' (website). Retrieved 15 April 2020 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armory Show
The 1913 Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, was organized by thAssociation of American Painters and Sculptors It was the first large exhibition of modern art in America, as well as one of the many exhibitions that have been held in the vast spaces of U.S. National Guard armories. The three-city exhibition started in New York City's 69th Regiment Armory, on Lexington Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets, from February 17 until March 15, 1913. The exhibition went on to the Art Institute of Chicago and then to The Copley Society of Art in Boston,International Exhibition of Modern Art catalogue cover, Copley Society of Boston, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nude Descending A Staircase, No
Nudity is the state of being in which a human is without clothing. While estimates vary, for the first 90,000 years of pre-history, anatomically modern humans were naked, having lost their body hair, living in hospitable climates, and not having developed the crafts needed to make clothing. As humans became behaviorally modern, body adornments such as jewelry, tattoos, body paint and scarification became part of non-verbal communications, indicating a person's social and individual characteristics. Indigenous peoples in warm climates used clothing for decorative, symbolic or ceremonial purposes but were often nude, having neither the need to protect the body from the elements nor any conception of nakedness being shameful. In many societies, both ancient and contemporary, children might be naked until the beginning of puberty. Women may not cover their breasts due to the association with nursing babies more than with sexuality. In the ancient civilizations of the Medite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicycle Wheel
A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel, designed for a bicycle. A pair is often called a wheelset, especially in the context of ready built "off the shelf" performance-oriented wheels. Bicycle wheels are typically designed to fit into the bicycle frame, frame and bicycle fork, fork via Dropout (bicycle part), dropouts, and hold bicycle tires. Invention The first wheel to use the tension in wire wheel, metal spokes was invented by George Cayley, Sir George Cayley to achieve lightness in his 1853 glider. Construction The first bicycle wheels followed the traditions of carriage building: a wooden hub, a fixed steel axle (the bearings were located in the fork ends), wooden spokes and a shrink fitted iron tire. A typical modern wheel has a metal hub, wire tension spokes and a metal or carbon fiber rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire. Hub A hub is the center part of a bicycle wheel. It consists of an axle, bearing (mechanical), bearings and a hub shell. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turner Prize
The Turner Prize, named after the English painter J. M. W. Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist. Between 1991 and 2016, only artists under the age of 50 were eligible (this restriction was removed for the 2017 award). The prize is awarded at Tate Britain every other year, with various venues outside of London being used in alternate years. Since its beginnings in 1984 it has become the UK's most publicised art award. The award represents all media. As of 2004, the monetary award was established at £40,000. There have been different sponsors, including Channel 4 television and Gordon's Gin. A prominent event in British culture, the prize has been awarded by various distinguished celebrities: in 2006 this was Yoko Ono, and in 2012 it was presented by Jude Law. It is a controversial event, mainly for the exhibits, such as ''The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living'' – a shark in formaldehyde by Damien Hirst – and ''My Bed'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irene Gammel
Irene Gammel is a Canadian literary historian, biographer, and curator. Gammel's works critically examine women's contributions to literature and art within the cultural context of the 20th century, shedding light on their experiences, challenges, and achievements. Her research delves into the lives of influential women artists and writers, who were often historically sidelined and erased, analyzing their creative processes, historical struggles, and impact on society. Gammel is Professor of English at Toronto Metropolitan University in Toronto. She holds the Tier I Canada Research Chair in Modern Literature and Culture and is the Director of the Modern Literature and Culture Research Centre. In 2009, she was elected a member of the Royal Society of Canada. Gammel holds a PhD (1992) and MA (1987) in English from McMaster University, and a Staatsexamen's degree from the Universität des Saarlandes in Germany. She taught at the University of Prince Edward Island and held Visitin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incoherents
The Incoherents (''Les Arts incohérents'') was a short-lived French art movement founded by Parisian writer and publisher (1857–1935) in 1882, which in its satirical irreverence, anticipated many of the art techniques and attitudes later associated with the avant-garde and anti-art movements such as Dada. Lévy coined the phrase ''les arts incohérents'' as a play on the term ''les arts décoratifs'' (i.e. arts & crafts, but above all, a famous art school in Paris, the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, National School of Decorative Arts). The Incoherents presented work which was deliberately irrational and Iconoclasm, iconoclastic, used found objects, was nonsense, nonsensical, included humoristic sketches, drawings by children, and drawings "made by people who don't know how to draw". Lévy exhibited an all-black painting by poet Paul Bilhaud called ''Combat de Nègres dans un Tunnel'' (Negroes Fight in a Tunnel). The early film animator Émile Cohl contrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louise Varèse
Louise Varèse (; ; 20 November 1890 – 1 July 1989), also credited as Louise Norton or Louise Norton-Varèse, was an American writer, editor, and translator of French literature who was involved with New York Dadaism. Early life and education Varèse was born Louise McCutcheon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to John Lindsay McCutcheon and Mary Louise Taylor. She attended Smith College (class of 1912), but left in the fall of 1911 to marry Allen Norton. Career Varèse founded and edited the modernist magazine ''Rogue'' (a play off of '' Vogue'') with her then-husband, Allen Norton, from 1915 to 1916. She sometimes wrote under the pseudonym "''Dame Rogue".'' Under this pseudonym, Varèse wrote a fashion column called "Philosophic Fashions". She was also a contributor to the New York Dada magazine '' The Blind Man''. Varèse (then Norton) met Marcel Duchamp in 1915 and became close friends. She was involved in the 1917 Society of Independent Artists submission of a urinal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
