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Quadruplex Videotape
2-inch quadruplex videotape (also called 2" quad video tape or quadraplex) was the first practical and commercially successful analog recording video tape format. The format uses magnetic tape and was developed and released for the broadcast television industry in 1956 by Ampex, an American company based in Redwood City, California. The first videotape recorder using this format was built the same year. This format revolutionized broadcast television operations and television production, since the only recording medium available to the TV industry until then was motion picture film. Since most United States network broadcast delays by the television networks at the time used kinescope film that took time to develop, the networks wanted a more practical, cost-effective, and quicker way to time shifting, time-shift television programming for later airing in Western time zones than the expensive and time-consuming processing and editing of film. Faced with these challenges, broadc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MiniDV
DV (from ''Digital Video'') is a family of codecs and Videotape, tape formats used for storing digital video, launched in 1995 by a consortium of camcorder, video camera manufacturers led by Sony and Panasonic. It includes the recording or cassette formats DV, MiniDV, HDV, DVCAM, DVCPro, DVCPro50, DVCProHD, Digital8, and Digital-S. DV has been used primarily for video recording with camcorders in the amateur and professional sectors. DV was designed to be a standard for home video using digital data instead of Analog video, analog. Compared to the analog 8 mm video format, Video8/Hi8, VHS-C and VHS formats, DV features a higher video resolution (on par with professional-grade Digital Betacam); it records uncompressed 16-bit Pulse-code modulation, PCM audio like Compact Disc Digital Audio, CD. The most popular tape format using a DV codec was MiniDV; these cassettes measured just 6.35 mm/¼ inch, making it ideal for video cameras and rendering older analog formats obsolete. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television Program
A television show, TV program (), or simply a TV show, is the general reference to any content produced for viewing on a television set that is broadcast via Terrestrial television, over-the-air, Satellite television, satellite, and cable television, cable, or Digital distribution, distributed digitally on Over-the-top media service, streaming platforms. This generally excludes breaking news or Television advertisement, advertisements that are aired between shows or between segments of a show. A regularly recurring show is called a television series, and an individual segment of such a series is called an episode. Content is produced either in-house on a television stage with multiple cameras or produced by contract with film production companies. Episodes are usually broadcast in annual sets, which are called seasons in North America and series in other regions. A one-off television show may be called a television special, while a short series of episodes is a miniseries. A t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coercivity
Coercivity, also called the magnetic coercivity, coercive field or coercive force, is a measure of the ability of a ferromagnetic material to withstand an external magnetic field without becoming Magnetization, demagnetized. Coercivity is usually measured in oersted or ampere/meter units and is denoted . An analogous property in electrical engineering and materials science, electric coercivity, is the ability of a ferroelectric material to withstand an external electric field without becoming polarization density, depolarized. Ferromagnetic materials with high coercivity are called magnetically ''hard'', and are used to make permanent magnets. Materials with low coercivity are said to be magnetically ''soft''. The latter are used in transformer and inductor magnetic core, cores, recording heads, microwave devices, and magnetic shielding. Definitions Coercivity in a ferromagnet, ferromagnetic material is the intensity of the applied magnetic field (''H'' field) required ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilot Tone
In telecommunications, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes. Uses in different communication systems FM Radio In FM stereo broadcasting, a pilot tone of 19 kHz indicates that there is stereophonic information at 38 kHz (the second harmonic of the pilot tone). The receiver doubles the frequency of the pilot tone and uses it as a frequency and phase reference to demodulate the stereo information. If no 19 kHz pilot tone is present, then any signals in the 23–53 kHz range are ignored by a stereo receiver. A guard band of ±4 kHz (15–23 kHz) protects the pilot tone from interference from the baseband audio signal (50 Hz–15 kHz) and from the lower sideband of the double sideband stereo information (23–53 kHz). The third harmonic of the pilot (57 kHz) is used for Radio Data System. The fourth harmonic (76 kHz) is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Video Tape Recorder
A video tape recorder (VTR) is a tape recorder designed to record and playback video and audio signal, audio material from magnetic tape. The early VTRs were open-reel devices that record on individual reels of 2-inch-wide (5.08 cm) tape. They were used in television studios, serving as a replacement for motion picture film stock and making recording for television applications cheaper and quicker. Beginning in 1963, videotape machines made instant replay during televised sporting events possible. Improved formats, in which the tape was contained inside a videocassette, were introduced around 1969; the machines which play them are called videocassette recorders. An agreement by Japanese manufacturers on a common standard recording format, which allowed cassettes recorded on one manufacturer's machine to play on another's, made a consumer market possible; and the first consumer videocassette recorder, which used the U-matic format, was introduced by Sony in 1971. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type C Videotape
1-inch Type C Helical Scan or SMPTE C is a professional reel-to-reel analog recording helical scan videotape format co-developed by Ampex and Sony in 1976. The format uses tape and became the replacement in the professional video and broadcast television industries for the then-incumbent quadruplex videotape open-reel format. Additionally, it replaced the unsuccessful type A format, also developed by Ampex, and primarily in mainland Europe, it supplemented the type B format, developed by the Fernseh division of Bosch. Technical detail Compared to Quad, Type C had a smaller size, comparative ease of operation, and slightly higher video quality. 1-inch Type C is capable of "trick-play" functions such as still, shuttle, and variable-speed playback, including slow motion Slow motion (commonly abbreviated as slow-mo or slo-mo) is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down. It was invented by the Austrian priest August Musger in the early 20th century. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television Lines
Television lines (TVL) is a specification of an analog camera or monitor's horizontal image resolution. The TVL is one of the most important resolution measures in a video system. The TVL can be measured with the standard EIA 1956 resolution chart. Definition TVL is defined as the maximum number of alternating light and dark vertical lines that can be resolved per picture height. A resolution of 400 TVL means that 200 distinct dark vertical lines and 200 distinct white vertical lines can be counted over a horizontal span equal to the height of the picture. For example, on monitor with 400 TVL, 200 vertical dark lines can be counted over width on monitor (Note that the of monitor height is used rather than the of whole monitor width). TVL is an inherent quality of a camera or monitor, influenced by the visual bandwidth of the broadcast television systems, transmission system used. It should not be confused with the number of horizontal scanning lines of such systems, which e. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linear Video Editing
Linear video editing is a video editing post-production process of selecting, arranging, and modifying images and sound in a predetermined, ordered sequence. Regardless of whether it was captured by a video camera, tapeless camcorder, or recorded in a television studio on a video tape recorder (VTR) the content must be accessed sequentially. For the most part, video editing software has replaced linear editing. In the past, film editing was done in a linear fashion, where film reels were literally cut into long strips divided by takes and scenes and then glued or taped back together to create a logical sequence of film. Linear video editing is more time-consuming, and highly specialized, and tedious work. Still, it is relevant today because of these reasons: * The method is simple and inexpensive. * Mandatory for some jobs: for example, if only two sections of video clips are to be joined together in sequence, it is often the quickest and easiest way. * If video editors learn linea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time Code
A timecode (alternatively, time code) is a sequence of numeric codes generated at regular intervals by a timing synchronization system. Timecode is used in video production, show control and other applications which require temporal coordination or logging of recording or actions. Video and film In video production and filmmaking, SMPTE timecode is used extensively for synchronization, and for logging and identifying material in recorded media. During filmmaking or video production shoot, the camera assistant will typically log the start and end timecodes of shots, and the data generated will be sent on to the editorial department for use in referencing those shots. This shot-logging process was traditionally done by hand using pen and paper, but is now typically done using shot-logging software running on a laptop computer that is connected to the timecode generator or the camera itself. The SMPTE family of timecodes are almost universally used in film, video and audio pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cue Tone
A cue tone is a message consisting of audio tones, used to prompt an action. In broadcast networks, a DTMF Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is a telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone equipment and other communications devices and switching centers. DTMF was first developed ... cue tone or subaudible tone was traditionally used to prompt local insertion, insertion of a local TV commercial or radio advertisement by the broadcast automation equipment at the broadcasting, broadcast station or cable headend. This has been replaced in the IPTV with digital cue tones (typically SCTE-35 streams in North America). Cue tones were also used on broadcast carts (cartridge magnetic tape, tapes) to cue local equipment to start and stop, particularly to cue the tape player itself, as the tape runs in an endless loop and often contains several :wikt:segment, segments of content (media), content. See also * Multic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helical Scan
Helical scan is a method of recording high-frequency signals on magnetic tape, used in open-reel video tape recorders, video cassette recorders, digital audio tape recorders, and some computer tape drives. With this technique, magnetic tape heads (or head chips) are placed on a rotating head drum, which moves the chips at high speed by due to its high angular velocity. The speed of the head chips must be higher than the linear speed of the tape. The tape is wrapped tightly around the drum. The drum and/or the tape is tilted at an angle that allows the head chips to read the tape diagonally. The linear speed of the tape is slower than the speed of the head chips, allowing high frequency signals to be read or recorded, such as video. As the tape moves linearly or length-wise, the head chips move across the width of the tape in a diagonal path. Due to geometry, this allows for high head chip speeds, known as writing speeds, to be achieved in spite of the low linear speed of the tap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
576i
576i is a standard-definition television, standard-definition digital video mode, originally used for Digitization, digitizing 625 lines, 625 line Analog television, analogue television in most countries of the world where the utility frequency for electric power distribution is 50 Hz. Because of its close association with the legacy colour encoding systems, it is often referred to as PAL#PAL region, PAL, PAL/SECAM or SECAM when compared to its 60 Hz (typically, see PAL-M) NTSC-colour-encoded counterpart, 480i. The ''576'' identifies a vertical resolution of 576 lines, and the ''i'' identifies it as an Interlaced video, interlaced resolution. The Refresh rate, field rate, which is 50 Hertz, Hz, is sometimes included when identifying the video mode, i.e. 576i50; another notation, endorsed by both the International Telecommunication Union in Rec. 601, BT.601 and SMPTE in SMPTE 259M, includes the frame rate, as in 576i/25. Operation In analogue television, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
