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Procolophonid
Procolophonidae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like parareptiles known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia. The most primitive procolophonids were likely insectiovous or omnivorous, more derived members of the clade developed bicusped molars, and were likely herbivorous feeding on high fiber vegetation or durophagous omnivores. Many members of the group are noted for spines projecting from the quadratojugal bone of the skull, which likely served a defensive purpose as well as possibly also for display. At least some taxa were likely fossorial burrowers. While diverse during the Early and Middle Triassic, they had very low diversity during the Late Triassic, and were extinct by the beginning of the Jurassic. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parareptile
Parareptilia ("at the side of reptiles") is a subclass or clade of basal sauropsids (reptiles), typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains all living reptiles and birds). Parareptiles first arose near the end of the Carboniferous period and achieved their highest diversity during the Permian period. Several ecological innovations were first accomplished by parareptiles among reptiles. These include the first reptiles to return to marine ecosystems (mesosaurs), the first bipedal reptiles (bolosaurids such as '' Eudibamus''), the first reptiles with advanced hearing systems ( nycteroleterids and others), and the first large herbivorous reptiles (the pareiasaurs). The only parareptiles to survive into the Triassic period were the procolophonoids, a group of small generalists, omnivores, and herbivores. The largest family of procolophonoids, the procolophonids, rediversified in the Triassic, but subsequently declined and became extinct by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaanthosaurus
''Phaanthosaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from early Triassic (Induan stage) deposits of Nizhnii Novgorod, Russian Federation. It is known from the holotype PIN 1025/1, a mandible (a dentary). It was collected from Vetluga River, Spasskoe village and referred to the Vokhmian terrestrial horizon of the Vokhma Formation. It was first named by P. K. Chudinov and B. P. Vjushkov in 1956 and the type species is ''Phaanthosaurus ignatjevi''. In 2000, Spencer and Benton found ''Contritosaurus'' to be junior synonym of ''Phaanthosaurus''. ''C. simus'' Ivakhnenko, 1974 which is known from the holotype PIN 3355/1, a partial skull with right mandible from the same location, and from three paratypes, was recombined as ''P. simus''. They also found that the second species of ''Contritosaurus'', ''C. convector'' (PIN 3357/1, a mandible) is a junior synonym of ''P. simus''. Recent cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coletta (genus)
''Coletta'' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from Early Triassic (Induan stage) deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It is known from the holotype GHG 228, a skull with fragmentary lower jaws. It was collected on the farm Brakfontein 333 in the Cradock District. It was found in the Katberg Formation of the Beaufort Group ( Karoo Basin) and referred to the ''Lystrosaurus'' Assemblage Zone. It was first named by Christopher E. Gow in 2000 and the type species is ''Coletta seca''. ''Coletta'' was one of the most basal procolophonids, showing similarities to owenettids such as '' Owenetta''. The generic name ''Coletta'' references both ''Procolophon'' and ''Owenetta'', signifying its transitional nature. The specific name ''C. seca'' refers to seca, a Latin word referring to any stabbing weaponry. This is based on large, fang-like teeth on its vomer The vomer (; lat, vomer, lit=ploughshare) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suchonosaurus
''Suchonosaurus'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid reptile from the Late Permian of Russia. It is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ..., including the species ''Suchonosaurus minimus'', which is itself known only from a single fragment of the upper jaw. ''Suchonosaurus'' is currently considered the oldest member of the family Procolophonidae, as it is the only procolophonid known from the Permian period. References Procolophonids Permian reptiles Fossils of Russia Prehistoric reptile genera {{permian-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theledectinae
Theledectinae is an extinct subfamily of parareptiles within the family Procolophonidae. Theledectines existed in South Africa, China and Australia during the Early-Middle Triassic period (Induan to Anisian stages). Theledectinae was named by Juan Carlos Cisneros in 2008 to include the genus '' Theledectes'', and the species '' "Eumetabolodon" dongshengensis''. ''"E." dongshengensis'' represents a new genus from China. Cladistically Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ..., it is defined as "All taxa more closely related to '' Theledectes perforatus'' (Gow, 1977a) than to '' Procolophon trigoniceps'' Owen, 1876". In 2020, Hamley add the new genus '' Eomurruna'' from Australia to this subfamily References Procolophonids Triassic parareptiles Triassic reptiles of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procolophoninae
Procolophoninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is ''Procolophon'' from the earliest Olenekian stage. Phylogeny Procolophoninae was named in 1890 by Richard Lydekker. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Modesto ''et al.'' (2002) as "all taxa more related to ''Procolophon trigoniceps'' Owen, 1876 than to ''Leptopleuron lacertinum'' Owen, 1851". The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ... below follows Ruta ''et al.'' 2011. References Procolophonines Early Triassic reptiles Middle Triassic reptiles Late Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptopleuroninae
Leptopleuroninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid Procolophonidae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like parareptiles known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarc ... reptiles. References Leptopleuronines Triassic parareptiles Early Triassic first appearances Late Triassic extinctions {{paleo-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youngetta
''Youngetta'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid from the Early Triassic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig .... It contains a single species, ''Youngetta dongshengensis''. References {{taxonbar, from=Q109826872 Procolophonids Prehistoric reptile genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smilodonterpeton
''Smilodonterpeton'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and .... It contains a single species, ''Smilodonterpeton ruthinensis''. References {{Parareptilia, Procolophonoidea Procolophonids Prehistoric reptile genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauropareion
''Sauropareion'' (meaning "lizard cheek") is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from earliest Triassic (early Induan stage) deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It is known from the holotype SAM PK-11192, skull and partial postcranium. It was collected by the late L. D. Boonstra in 1935 from Barendskraal in the Middelburg District and referred to the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin). It was first named by Sean P. Modesto, Hans-Dieter Sues and Ross J. Damiani in 2001 and the type species is ''Sauropareion anoplus''. The generic name means "lizard", ''sauros'', and "cheek", ''pareion'' from Greek in reference to the lizard-like appearance of the temporal region. The specific name comes from the Greek word ''anoplos'', meaning "without arms or armour". Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pintosaurus
''Pintosaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from Late Triassic deposits of northeastern Uruguay. It is known from the holotype FC-DPV 1181, a partial skull. It was collected from the Buena Vista Formation of the Paraná Basin, in Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo Department. It was first named by Graciela Piñeiro, Alejandra Rojas and Martín Ubilla in 2004 and the type species is ''Pintosaurus magnidentis''. The generic name honours Dr. Iraja Damiani Pinto. The specific name means "with a large tooth" in Latin, a reference to the large palatal tooth pair. Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ... after Cisneros, 2008: References Procolophonids Late Triassic reptiles of South America Triassic Uruguay Fossils o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryporan
''Oryporan'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid from the Early Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area .... The type species is ''Oryporan insolitus''. References Procolophonids Prehistoric reptile genera Fossil taxa described in 2021 {{triassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
