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Pot Odds
In poker, pot odds are the ratio of the current size of the pot to the cost of a contemplated call. Pot odds are compared to the odds of winning a hand with a future card in order to estimate the call's expected value. The purpose of this is to statistically guide a player's decision between the options of call or fold. Raising is an alternative to place this decision on the opponent. Calculating equity Pot odds are only useful if a player has enough equity. Equity is the chance a player has to win the hand at showdown. It is calculated as the fraction of remaining cards in the deck for each remaining street (sequential card being dealt, e.g. turn, river) that can give a player the winning hand. For example, in Texas hold'em, if a player has an inside straight draw on the flop, there are four remaining cards in the deck, or outs, that can give them a straight on the turn or the river. The addition law of probability combines the chances of making the straight on the turn (4/ ...
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Poker
Poker is a family of comparing card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, however in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game was played with just 20 cards, today it is usually played with a standard deck, although in countries where short packs are common, it may be played with 32, 40 or 48 cards.Parlett (2008), pp. 568–570. Thus poker games vary in deck configuration, the number of cards in play, the number dealt face up or face down, and the number shared by all players, but all have rules that involve one or more rounds of betting. In most modern poker games, the first round of betting begins with one or more of the players making some form of a forced bet (the '' blind'' or ''ante''). In standard poker, each player bets according to the rank they believe their hand is worth as compared to the other players. The action then proceeds clockwise as each playe ...
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Game Theory
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. Myerson, Roger B. (1991). ''Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict,'' Harvard University Press, p.&nbs1 Chapter-preview links, ppvii–xi It has applications in all fields of social science, as well as in logic, systems science and computer science. Originally, it addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which each participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by those of other participants. In the 21st century, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations; it is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, as well as computers. Modern game theory began with the idea of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum game and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathem ...
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Ed Miller (poker Player)
Edward Raymond Miller (born August 10, 1979) is a professional poker player and an author of books about poker. He wrote ''Small Stakes Hold 'em: Winning Big With Expert Play'' with David Sklansky and Mason Malmuth in 2004. In 2005, he completed ''Getting Started in Hold 'em'', a beginner's book. In 2006, he co-wrote ''No Limit Hold 'Em: Theory and Practice'' with David Sklansky. Miller is also co-author of the book ''Professional No Limit Hold 'em'' with Matt Flynn and Sunny Mehta published in 2007 and wrote ''Small Stakes No-Limit Hold’em'' co-authored with Sunny Mehta and Matt Flynn. Miller came out with ''How to Read Hands At No-Limit Hold'em'' in 2011, ''Playing the Player'' in 2012, and ''Poker's 1%'' in 2014. His newest book, ''The Course'', was released late April 2015. Miller is part owner and produces educational poker videos for Red Chip Poker and StoxPoker, both subscription fee based poker coaching sites. He also does personal poker coaching. After becoming a ...
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Bill Robertie
William Gerard (Bill) Robertie (born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States on July 9, 1946) is a backgammon, chess, and poker player and author. He is one of several (6 as of 2022) backgammon players to have won the World Backgammon Championship twice (in 1983 and in 1987). Robertie also won the Pro-Am in the Bahamas in the year 1993 and the Istanbul World Cup in 1994. Besides the World Championship wins in Monte Carlo, Robertie's major tournament victories include Boston (1979, 1991), Las Vegas (1980, 2001), the New York Metro Open (2011, 2013), the Bahamas Pro-Am (1993), Istanbul (1994) and the Isle of Man Super-Jackpot (1984). In chess, Robertie won the 1970 U.S. Speed Chess tournament. A Harvard graduate, Robertie co-authored a popular series of seven books on tournament no-limit Texas hold'em with 1995 World Champion Dan Harrington, entitled '' Harrington on Hold 'em''. The books were published by Two Plus Two Publishing Two Plus Two Publishing is a private company e ...
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Dan Harrington
Dan Harrington (born December 6, 1945) is a professional poker player, best known for winning the Main Event at the 1995 World Series of Poker. He has earned one World Poker Tour title, two WSOP bracelets, and over six million dollars in tournament cashes in his poker career. He is also a member of the Poker Hall of Fame. Harrington chose his own nickname "Action Dan" even though he is known for being a tight conservative player. He is a distant cousin to both professional golfer Pádraig Harrington and former NFL quarterback Joey Harrington. Early life and business career Harrington was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Currently residing in Santa Monica, California, Harrington is a former champion backgammon player and U.S. chess master (he won the 1971 Massachusetts State Chess Championship). Before becoming a poker professional and businessman, Harrington worked for many years as a bankruptcy lawyer. He also played poker against Bill Gates while Gates was at Harvard. Som ...
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Mason Malmuth
Mason Malmuth is an American poker player, and author of books on both poker and gambling. He is the owner of Two Plus Two Publishing, which publishes books and runs an online gambling discussion forum. Malmuth was born in 1951 and grew up in Coral Gables, Florida. In 1973, he received his bachelor's degree in math, and in 1975 he received his master's degree in math both from Virginia Tech. The books are authored by himself, David Sklansky, and other writers including Dan Harrington, Bill Robertie William Gerard (Bill) Robertie (born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States on July 9, 1946) is a backgammon, chess, and poker player and author. He is one of several (6 as of 2022) backgammon players to have won the World Backgammon Champio ..., Ray Zee, Matt Janda, Philip Newall, Ed Miller, Nick Grudzien, Collin Moshman and Alan Schoonmaker. Books by Mason Malmuth Malmuth has also written over 600 articles for various magazines and publications. References Americ ...
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Two Plus Two Publishing
Two Plus Two Publishing is a private company established and owned by statistician and poker player Mason Malmuth. The company publishes books on poker and gambling written by professionals in the field such as David Sklansky, Dan Harrington, Bill Robertie, Collin Moshman, Ed Miller, Ray Zee, Sunny Mehta, Alan Schoonmaker, William Jockusch, and Malmuth himself. Two Plus Two Publishing has sold over two million books and currently has more than 39 titles to its credit.Two Plus Two Books
List and Synopsis of 2+2 Titles.
According to Malmuth, the name was adopted from the cover design of his book ''Gambling Theory and Other Topics'' where the equation 2+2=5 was illustrated with card pictures. In addition, many of its titles are now being translated into many non-English languages. The Two Plus Two website operates a popular

List Of Poker Terms
The following is a glossary of poker terms used in the card game of poker. It supplements the glossary of card game terms. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of common and uncommon poker slang terms. This is not intended to be a formal dictionary; precise usage details and multiple closely related senses are omitted here in favor of concise treatment of the basics. A ; ace in the hole : One of the hole cards is an ace ; ace-to-five, ace-to-six : Methods of evaluating low hands. See lowball. ; act : To make a play (check, bet, call, raise, or fold) at the required time, compare to '' in turn''. ; acting out of turn : A player in poker that either announces their actions or physically plays before their turn (checks, folds etc.). Sometimes players act out of turn intentionally to get a read out of other players. When done intentionally, this is often referred to as "angle shooting." See angle shooting. ; action : A player's turn to act; a willingness to ...
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Nash Equilibrium
In game theory, the Nash equilibrium, named after the mathematician John Nash, is the most common way to define the solution of a non-cooperative game involving two or more players. In a Nash equilibrium, each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no one has anything to gain by changing only one's own strategy. The principle of Nash equilibrium dates back to the time of Cournot, who in 1838 applied it to competing firms choosing outputs. If each player has chosen a strategy an action plan based on what has happened so far in the game and no one can increase one's own expected payoff by changing one's strategy while the other players keep their's unchanged, then the current set of strategy choices constitutes a Nash equilibrium. If two players Alice and Bob choose strategies A and B, (A, B) is a Nash equilibrium if Alice has no other strategy available that does better than A at maximizing her payoff in response to Bob choosing B, and Bo ...
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Value (poker)
In poker, the strength of a hand (how likely it is to be the best according to the rules of the game being played) is often called its value; however, in the context of poker strategy the term is more often used to describe a betting tactic, a bet for value. This bet (or raise) is intended to increase the size of the pot, by inducing opponents to call. A bet for value is in contrast to a ''bluff'' or a ''protection bet'' (though some bets may have a combination of these motives). For a bet for value to be correct, a player must have a positive expectation, that is, they will win more than one bet for every bet they put in the pot. Pot odds do not matter in this situation, because the factor here is whether it is more profitable to ''raise'' or ''call'', rather than to ''call'' or ''fold''. Betting for value can apply to both made hand and drawing hand situations, although in the latter situation it is less often correct, as the drawing hand's chances of winning are generally lo ...
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David Sklansky
David Sklansky (born December 22, 1947) is an American professional poker player and author. An early writer on poker strategy, he is known for his mathematical approach to the game. His key work ''The Theory of Poker'' presents fundamental principles on which much later analysis is based. Early years Sklansky was born and raised in Teaneck, New Jersey, where he graduated from Teaneck High School in 1966. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, but dropped out before graduation. He returned to Teaneck and passed multiple Society of Actuaries exams by the age of 20, and worked for an actuarial firm. Poker career Sklansky is an authority on gambling. He has written and contributed to fourteen books on poker, blackjack, and general gambling. Sklansky has won three World Series of Poker bracelets, two in 1982 ($800 Mixed Doubles with Dani Kelly, and $1,000 Draw Hi) and one in 1983 ($1,000 Limit Omaha Hi). He also won the ''Poker By The Book'' invitational event on the ...
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Fundamental Theorem Of Poker
The fundamental theorem of poker is a principle first articulated by David Sklansky that he believes expresses the essential nature of poker as a game of decision-making in the face of incomplete information. The fundamental theorem is stated in common language, but its formulation is based on mathematical reasoning. Each decision that is made in poker can be analyzed in terms of the expected value of the payoff of a decision. The correct decision to make in a given situation is the decision that has the largest expected value. If a player could see all of their opponents' cards, they would always be able to calculate the correct decision with mathematical certainty, and the less they deviate from these correct decisions, the better their expected long-term results. This is certainly true heads-up, but Morton's theorem, in which an opponent's correct decision can benefit a player, may apply in multi-way pots. An example Suppose Bob is playing limit Texas hold 'em and is dealt ...
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