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Pitohui
The pitohuis are bird species endemic to New Guinea. The onomatopoeic name is thought to be derived from that used by New Guineans from nearby Dorey (Manokwari), but it is also used as the name of a genus '' Pitohui'' which was established by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1831. The unitalicized common name however refers to perching birds that belong to several genera of multiple bird families. The genera include '' Ornorectes'', '' Melanorectes'', and '' Pseudorectes'' apart from ''Pitohui''. Taxonomy and systematics The Pitohui species were formerly all classified in the genus '' Pitohui'', which at the time was in the family Pachycephalidae. In 2013 they were separated into several different genera in several different families. The species are now separated into three families as follows: Oreoicidae * Crested pitohui ('' Ornorectes cristatus'') Pachycephalidae * Black pitohui ('' Melanorectes nigrescens'') * White-bellied pitohui ('' Pseudorectes incertus'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hooded Pitohui
The hooded pitohui (''Pitohui dichrous'') is a species of bird in the genus ''Pitohui'' found in New Guinea. It was long thought to be a whistler ( Pachycephalidae) but is now known to be in the Old World oriole family (Oriolidae). Within the oriole family this species is most closely related to the variable pitohuis in the genus ''Pitohui'', and then the figbirds. A medium-sized songbird with rich chestnut and black plumage, this species is one of the few known poisonous birds, containing a range of batrachotoxin compounds in its skin, feathers and other tissues. These toxins are thought to be derived from their diet, in a process known as Kleptotoxicism, and may function both to deter predators and to protect the bird from parasites. The close resemblance of this species to other unrelated birds also known as pitohuis which are also poisonous is an example of convergent evolution and Müllerian mimicry. Their appearance is also mimicked by unrelated non-poisonous species, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hooded Pitohui
The hooded pitohui (''Pitohui dichrous'') is a species of bird in the genus ''Pitohui'' found in New Guinea. It was long thought to be a whistler ( Pachycephalidae) but is now known to be in the Old World oriole family (Oriolidae). Within the oriole family this species is most closely related to the variable pitohuis in the genus ''Pitohui'', and then the figbirds. A medium-sized songbird with rich chestnut and black plumage, this species is one of the few known poisonous birds, containing a range of batrachotoxin compounds in its skin, feathers and other tissues. These toxins are thought to be derived from their diet, in a process known as Kleptotoxicism, and may function both to deter predators and to protect the bird from parasites. The close resemblance of this species to other unrelated birds also known as pitohuis which are also poisonous is an example of convergent evolution and Müllerian mimicry. Their appearance is also mimicked by unrelated non-poisonous species, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hooded Pitohui
The hooded pitohui (''Pitohui dichrous'') is a species of bird in the genus ''Pitohui'' found in New Guinea. It was long thought to be a whistler ( Pachycephalidae) but is now known to be in the Old World oriole family (Oriolidae). Within the oriole family this species is most closely related to the variable pitohuis in the genus ''Pitohui'', and then the figbirds. A medium-sized songbird with rich chestnut and black plumage, this species is one of the few known poisonous birds, containing a range of batrachotoxin compounds in its skin, feathers and other tissues. These toxins are thought to be derived from their diet, in a process known as Kleptotoxicism, and may function both to deter predators and to protect the bird from parasites. The close resemblance of this species to other unrelated birds also known as pitohuis which are also poisonous is an example of convergent evolution and Müllerian mimicry. Their appearance is also mimicked by unrelated non-poisonous species, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitohui (genus)
''Pitohui'' is a genus of birds endemic to New Guinea. The birds formerly lumped together as pitohuis were found by a 2008 study that examined their evolutionary history on the basis of the genetic sequences to have included birds that were quite unrelated to each other. They have since been separated into other genera. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Pitohui'' was introduced in 1831 by the French naturalist René Lesson. Lesson omitted to specify the type species but this was designated as the northern variable pitohui by Richard Bowdler Sharpe in 1877. The genus name is a Papuan word for the variable pitohui. The common group name pitohui includes several species of birds that were all historically classified in the genus ''Pitohui''. But now they have been separated into three families and multiple genera. The genus ''Pitohui'' in its strict sense is now placed in the family Oriolidae, while the other pitohui genera have been placed in the families Oreoicidae and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitohui (genus)
''Pitohui'' is a genus of birds endemic to New Guinea. The birds formerly lumped together as pitohuis were found by a 2008 study that examined their evolutionary history on the basis of the genetic sequences to have included birds that were quite unrelated to each other. They have since been separated into other genera. Taxonomy and systematics The genus ''Pitohui'' was introduced in 1831 by the French naturalist René Lesson. Lesson omitted to specify the type species but this was designated as the northern variable pitohui by Richard Bowdler Sharpe in 1877. The genus name is a Papuan word for the variable pitohui. The common group name pitohui includes several species of birds that were all historically classified in the genus ''Pitohui''. But now they have been separated into three families and multiple genera. The genus ''Pitohui'' in its strict sense is now placed in the family Oriolidae, while the other pitohui genera have been placed in the families Oreoicidae and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rusty Pitohui
The rusty pitohui (''Pseudorectes ferrugineus'') is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae. It is found throughout the lowlands of the Aru Islands and New Guinea. Taxonomy and systematics The rusty pitohui was originally classified within the genus ''Rectes'' (a synonym for the genus ''Pitohui'') until moved to ''Pseudorectes'' by the IOC in 2013. Alternatively, some other authorities classify the rusty pitohui in the genus '' Colluricincla''. Alternate names for the rusty pitohui include the ferrugineous pitohui and rusty shrike-thrush. Subspecies Six subspecies are recognized: * ''P. f. leucorhynchus'' - ( Gray, GR, 1862): Originally described as a separate species in the genus '' Rectes''. Found on Waigeo (off western New Guinea) * ''P. f. fuscus'' - ( Greenway, 1966): Found on Batanta (off western New Guinea) * ''P. f. brevipennis'' - ( Hartert, 1896): Found on Aru Islands (off south-western New Guinea) * ''P. f. ferrugineus'' - ( Bonaparte, 1850): Found on Miso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-bellied Pitohui
The white-bellied pitohui (''Pseudorectes incertus'') is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae. It is found throughout the lowlands of southern New Guinea (Lorentz River to upper Fly River. Taxonomy and systematics The white-bellied pitohui was originally described in the genus ''Pitohui'' until moved to ''Pseudorectes'' by the IOC in 2013. Alternatively, some other authorities classify the white-bellied pitohui in the genus '' Colluricincla''. Alternate names for the white-bellied pitohui include the brown pitohui, mottle-breasted pitohui, mottled pitohui and white-bellied shrike-thrush. Distribution and habitat Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batrachotoxin
Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an extremely potent cardio- and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of beetles, birds, and frogs. The name is from the Greek word grc, βάτραχος, bátrachos, frog, label=none. Structurally-related chemical compounds are often referred to collectively as batrachotoxins. It is an extremely poisonous alkaloid. In certain frogs, this alkaloid is present mostly on the skin. Such frogs are among those used for poisoning darts. Batrachotoxin binds to and irreversibly opens the sodium channels of nerve cells and prevents them from closing, resulting in paralysis and death. No antidote is known. History Batrachotoxin was discovered by Fritz Märki and Bernhard Witkop, at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Märki and Witkop separated the potent toxic alkaloids fraction from '' Phyllobates bicolor'' and determined its chemical properties in 1963. They iso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Pitohui
The black pitohui (''Melanorectes nigrescens'') is a species of bird in the monotypic genus of ''Melanorectes'' in the family Pachycephalidae. It is found throughout the highlands of New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Taxonomy and systematics The black pitohui was originally described in the genus ''Rectes'' (a synonym for the genus ''Pitohui'') and re-classified to ''Melanorectes'' in 2013. Alternate names include black whistler and dusky pitohui. Subspecies The following six subspecies are recognized: * ''M. n. nigrescens'' – ( Schlegel, 1871): Found in northwestern New Guinea * ''M. n. wandamensis'' – ( Hartert, 1930): Found in Wandammen Peninsula (western New Guinea) * ''M. n. meeki'' – (Rothschild & Hartert, 1913): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Pitohui''. Found in west-central New Guinea * ''M. n. buergersi'' – (Stresemann Stresemann is a German family name which may refer to: * Christin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Variable Pitohui
The northern variable pitohui (''Pitohui kirhocephalus'') is a species of pitohui in the family Oriolidae. It is found on New Guinea and a number of neighbouring islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is also one of the few known poisonous birds. Taxonomy and systematics The northern variable pitohui was renamed from the variable pitohui in 2013 following the split of the Raja Ampat pitohui and the southern variable pitohui. Subspecies Eleven subspecies are recognized: * ''P. k. kirhocephalus'' - ( Lesson & Garnot, 1827): Found on eastern Vogelkop (north-western New Guinea) * ''P. k. dohertyi'' - Rothschild & Hartert, 1903: Originally described as a separate species. Found in Wandammen area (north-western New Guinea) * ''P. k. rubiensis'' - ( Meyer, AB, 1884): Originally described as a separate species. Found from head of Cenderawasih Bay to Triton Bay (western New Guinea) * ''P. k. brunneivertex'' - Rothschild, 1931: Found on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanorectes
The black pitohui (''Melanorectes nigrescens'') is a species of bird in the monotypic genus of ''Melanorectes'' in the family Pachycephalidae. It is found throughout the highlands of New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Taxonomy and systematics The black pitohui was originally described in the genus ''Rectes'' (a synonym for the genus ''Pitohui'') and re-classified to ''Melanorectes'' in 2013. Alternate names include black whistler and dusky pitohui. Subspecies The following six subspecies are recognized: * ''M. n. nigrescens'' – ( Schlegel, 1871): Found in northwestern New Guinea * ''M. n. wandamensis'' – ( Hartert, 1930): Found in Wandammen Peninsula (western New Guinea) * ''M. n. meeki'' – (Rothschild & Hartert, 1913): Originally described as a separate species in the genus ''Pitohui''. Found in west-central New Guinea * ''M. n. buergersi'' – (Stresemann, 1922): Found in northern and east-central New Guinea * ''M. n. ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycephalidae
The Pachycephalidae are a family of bird species that includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and three of the pitohuis, and is part of the ancient Australo-Papuan radiation of songbirds. The family includes 64 species that are separated into five genera. Its members range from small to medium in size, and occupy most of Australasia. Australia and New Guinea are the centre of their diversity and, in the case of the whistlers, the South Pacific islands as far as Tonga and Samoa and parts of Asia as far as India. The exact delimitation of boundaries of the family are uncertain, and one species, the golden whistler, has been the subject of intense taxonomic scrutiny in recent years, with multiple subspecies and species-level revisions. Taxonomy and systematics The family Pachycephalidae was introduced (as the subfamily Pachycephalinae) by the English ornithologist William John Swainson in 1832. The genera '' Pachycare'', ''Hylocitrea'', the crested bellbird and the crested shrik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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