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Pallium (Roman Cloak)
The ''pallium'' was a Roman cloak. It was similar in form to the '' palla'', which had been worn by respectable Roman women since the mid-Republican era. It was a rectangular length of cloth, as was the ''himation'' in ancient Greece. It was usually made from wool or flax, but for the higher classes it could be made of silk with the use of gold threads and embroideries. The garment varied in fineness, colour and ornament. It could be white, purple red (''purpurea'' from murex), black, yellow, blue, pale green, etc. The ''pallium'' was originally considered to be exclusively Greek and despised by Romans, but was favoured by ordinary people, philosophers, and pedagogues. Tertullian thought it the most appropriate garment for philosophers and Christians. It is not to be confused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristides Med Himation över Chiton, Nordisk Familjebok
Aristides ( ; grc-gre, Ἀριστείδης, Aristeídēs, ; 530–468 BC) was an ancient Athenian statesman. Nicknamed "the Just" (δίκαιος, ''dikaios''), he flourished in the early quarter of Athens' Classical period and is remembered for his generalship in the Persian War. The ancient historian Herodotus cited him as "the best and most honourable man in Athens", and he received similarly reverent treatment in Plato's Socratic dialogues. Biography Aristides was a member of a family of moderate fortune; his father's name was Lysimachus. Of his early life, it is only told that he became a follower of the statesman Cleisthenes. He first came to notice as ''strategos'' in command of his native tribe Antiochis at the Battle of Marathon, and it was no doubt in consequence of the distinction which he then achieved that he was elected ''archon eponymos'' for the ensuing year (489488). Pursuing a conservative policy to maintain Athens as a land power, he was one of the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apuleius
Apuleius (; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – after 170) was a Numidian Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician. He lived in the Roman province of Numidia, in the Berber city of Madauros, modern-day M'Daourouch, Algeria. He studied Platonism in Athens, travelled to Italy, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries. The most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain the attentions (and fortune) of a wealthy widow. He declaimed and then distributed his own defense before the proconsul and a court of magistrates convened in Sabratha, near ancient Tripoli, Libya. This is known as the ''Apologia''. His most famous work is his bawdy picaresque novel the ''Metamorphoses'', otherwise known as '' The Golden Ass''. It is the only Latin novel that has survived in its entirety. It relates the adventures of its protagonist, Lucius, who experiments with magic and is accidentall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Boissier
Marie-Louis-Antoine-Gaston Boissier (15 August 1823 – 20 November 1908), French classical scholar, and secretary of the Académie française, was born at Nîmes. The Roman monuments of his native town very early attracted Gaston Boissier to the study of ancient history. He made epigraphy his particular theme, and at the age of twenty-three became a professor of rhetoric at the University of Angoulême, where he lived and worked for ten years without further ambition. A travelling inspector of the university, however, happened to hear him lecture, and Boissier was called to Paris to be professor at the Lycée Charlemagne. He began his literary career by a thesis on the poet Attius (1857) and a study on the life and work of Marcus Terentius Varro (1861). In 1861 he was made professor of Latin oratory at the Collège de France, and he became an active contributor to the ''Revue des deux mondes''. In 1865 he published ''Cicéron et ses amis'' (Eng. trans. by AD Jones, 1897), which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Medite ... of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian, properly entitled The Twelve Caesars, ''De vita Caesarum''. Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost. Life Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus was probably born about AD 69, a date deduced from his remarks describing himself as a "young man" 20 years a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paenula
The ''paenula'' or ''casula'' was a cloak worn by the Romans, akin to the poncho (''i.e.,'' a large piece of material with a hole for the head to go through, hanging in ample folds round the body). This was originally worn only by slaves, soldiers and people of low degree; in the 3rd century, however, it was adopted by fashionable people as a convenient riding or travelling cloak, and finally, by the sumptuary law of 382 (Codex Theodosianus xiv. 10, 1, ''de habitu'' . . . ''intra urbem'') it was prescribed as the proper everyday dress of senators, instead of the military chlamys. Thereafter, the toga was reserved for state occasions. See also * Abolla * Chasuble * Pallium * Phelonion The phelonion (Greek: , plural, , ''phailónia''; Latin: ''paenula'') is a liturgical vestment worn by a priest of the Byzantine Christian tradition. It is worn over the priest's other vestments and is equivalent to the chasuble of Western Chris ... References Roman-era clothing {{cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abolla
An ''abolla'' was a cloak-like garment worn by Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks and Ancient Rome, Romans. Nonius Marcellus quotes a passage of Marcus Terentius Varro, Varro to show that it was a garment worn by soldiers (''vestis militaris''), and thus opposed to the toga. Roman women also wore a version of the ''abolla'' by at least the Imperial Period. The ''abolla'' was, however, not confined to military occasions, but was also worn in the city. It was especially used by the Stoicism, Stoic philosophers at Rome as the ''pallium philosophicum'', just as the Greek philosophers were accustomed to distinguish themselves by a particular dress. Hence, the expression of Juvenal ''facinus majoris abollae'' merely signifies, "a crime committed by a very deep philosopher".Becker, ''Gallus'' vol. ii. p. 99 The term ''abolla'' is actually a Latinisation of names, Latinization of the Greek ''ambolla'' () or ''anabole'' (), for a loose woolen cloak. See also *Pallium (Roman cloak), Pallium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clothing In Ancient Rome
Clothing in ancient Rome generally comprised a short-sleeved or sleeveless, knee-length tunic for men and boys, and a longer, usually sleeved tunic for women and girls. On formal occasions, adult male citizens could wear a woolen toga, draped over their tunic, and married citizen women wore a woolen mantle, known as a palla, over a stola, a simple, long-sleeved, voluminous garment that hung to midstep. Clothing, footwear and accoutrements identified gender, status, rank and social class. This was especially apparent in the distinctive, privileged official dress of magistrates, priesthoods and the military. The toga was considered Rome's "national costume," privileged to Roman citizens but for day-to-day activities most Romans preferred more casual, practical and comfortable clothing; the tunic, in various forms, was the basic garment for all classes, both sexes and most occupations. It was usually made of linen, and was augmented as necessary with underwear, or with various ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omophorion
In the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic liturgical tradition, the ''omophorion'' ( grc-gre, ὠμοφόριον, meaning " omethingborne on the shoulders"; Slavonic: омофоръ, ''omofor'') is the distinguishing vestment of a bishop and the symbol of his spiritual and ecclesiastical authority. Originally woven of wool, it is a band of brocade decorated with four crosses and an eight-pointed star; it is worn about the neck and shoulders. By symbolizing the lost sheep that is found and carried on the 's shoulders, it signifies the bishop's |
Pallium
The pallium (derived from the Roman ''pallium'' or ''palla'', a woolen cloak; : ''pallia'') is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the pope, but for many centuries bestowed by the Holy See upon metropolitans and primates as a symbol of their conferred jurisdictional authorities, and still remains a papal emblem. In its present (western) form, the pallium is a long and "three fingers broad" (narrow) white band adornment, woven from the wool of lambs raised by Trappist monks. It is donned by looping its middle around one's neck, resting upon the chasuble and two dependent lappets over one's shoulders with tail-ends (doubled) on the left with the front end crossing over the rear. When observed from the front or rear the pallium sports a stylistic letter 'y' (contrasting against an unpatterned chasuble). It is decorated with six black crosses, one near each end and four spaced out around the neck loop. At times the pallium is embellished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paedagogus (occupation)
In the Roman Republic, the ''paedagogus'', plural ''paedagogi'' or ''paedagogiani'', was a slave or a freedman who taught the sons of Roman citizens the Greek language. In the period of the Roman Empire, the ''paedagogus'' became the director of the '' paedagogium''. In the early Republic, there were no public schools, so boys were taught to read and write by their parents, or by educated slaves (''paedagogi'') usually of Greek origin. A representation of a ''paedagogus'' was painted as a graffito on the walls of the Palatine Paedagogium, and it represents his social and cultural formation, which is identified such a slave. In an inscription of the second century dedicated to the Roman emperor Caracalla, it lists twenty-four ''paedagogi''. In some cases, the title of ''paedagogus'' is connected with private elite families.cf. ''Dig.'' 33.7.12.32 Being a ''paedagogus'' meant to obey conduct and duty laws. In the imperial institution, the title of ''paedagogus'' refers to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Golden Ass
The ''Metamorphoses'' of Apuleius, which Augustine of Hippo referred to as ''The Golden Ass'' (''Asinus aureus''), is the only ancient Roman novel in Latin to survive in its entirety. The protagonist of the novel is Lucius. At the end of the novel, he is revealed to be from Madaurus, the hometown of Apuleius himself. The plot revolves around the protagonist's curiosity (''curiositas'') and insatiable desire to see and practice magic. While trying to perform a spell to transform into a bird, he is accidentally transformed into an ass. This leads to a long journey, literal and metaphorical, filled with inset tales. He finally finds salvation through the intervention of the goddess Isis, whose cult he joins. Origin The date of composition of the ''Metamorphoses'' is uncertain. It has variously been considered by scholars as a youthful work preceding Apuleius' ''Apology'' of 158–159, or as the climax of his literary career, and perhaps as late as the 170s or 180s. Apuleius adap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murex
''Murex'' is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly called "murexes" or "rock snails".Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Murex Linnaeus, 1758. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138196 on 2011-04-09 The common name murex is still used for many species in the family Muricidae which were originally given the Latin generic name ''Murex'' in the past, but have more recently been regrouped into different newer genera. The word ''murex'' was used by Aristotle in reference to these kinds of snails, thus making it one of the oldest classical seashell names still in use by the scientific community. Fossil records This genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 125.45 to 0.0 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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