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Ponornica
A losing stream, disappearing stream, influent stream or sinking river is a stream or river that loses water as it flows downstream. The water infiltration (hydrology), infiltrates into the ground recharging the local groundwater, because the water table is below the bottom of the stream channel. This is the opposite of a more common ''gaining stream'' (or ''effluent stream'') which increases in water volume farther downstream as it gains water from the local aquifer. Losing streams are common in arid areas due to the climate change, climate which results in huge amounts of water evaporating from the river generally towards the mouth. Losing streams are also common in regions of karst topography where the streamwater may be completely stream capture, captured by a cavern system, becoming a subterranean river. Examples There are many natural examples of subterranean rivers including: Bosnia and Herzegovina *Unac (river), Unac; Mušnica-Trebišnjica-Krupa (Neretva), Krupa/Om ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Trebišnjica
The Trebišnjica ( sr-cyrl, Требишњица) is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the right tributary of the Neretva. Before it was utilized for hydro exploitation via various hydrotechnical interventions and systems with different purposes, Trebišnjica used to be a sinking river, rising and sinking through its course before resurfacing at various places from the Neretva river below the Čapljina to the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic coast, and along the coast from the Neretva Delta to Sutorina. With a total length of above the ground, and roughly another below the surface, the Trebšnjica river is one of the longest sinking rivers in the world with the total of above and under the ground. In hydrological terms, it represents a sub-basin within the Neretva river basin. In classical antiquity, the river was known as the Arion, Sources The Trebišnjica river originate near town of Bileća. The source of the river is a system of strong karst spring, karstic wellsprings distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Karst Topography
Karst () is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and Dolomite (rock), dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some evidence that karst may occur in more weathering-resistant rocks such as quartzite given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. In regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification, hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Stream
A stream is a continuous body of water, body of surface water Current (stream), flowing within the stream bed, bed and bank (geography), banks of a channel (geography), channel. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to by a variety of local or regional names. Long, large streams are usually called rivers, while smaller, less voluminous and more intermittent river, intermittent streams are known, amongst others, as brook, creek, rivulet, rill, run, tributary, feeder, freshet, narrow river, and streamlet. The flow of a stream is controlled by three inputs – surface runoff (from precipitation or meltwater), daylighting (streams), daylighted subterranean river, subterranean water, and surfaced groundwater (Spring (hydrology), spring water). The surface and subterranean water are highly variable between periods of rainfall. Groundwater, on the other hand, has a relatively constant input and is controlled more by long-term patterns of pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, and Slovenia. The Adriatic contains more than 1,300 islands, mostly located along its eastern coast. It is divided into three basins, the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of . The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although acqua alta, larger amplitudes occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because it collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Immendingen
Immendingen is a municipality in the district of Tuttlingen (district), Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany located on the Upper Danube Nature Park, Upper Danube. It is famous for the Danube Sinkhole. Geography Immendingen is located on the Upper Danube Nature Park, Upper Danube. On the municipal area are parts of the Danube Sinkhole. With the mountain Höwenegg in Immendingen begins the extinct volcanic landscape of Hegau. Archaeological excavations at the Höwenegg recover saber-toothed tigers, antelopes and one of the few well preserved ancestral horses. The municipality borders Talheim to the north, Tuttlingen to the east, Emmingen-Liptingen to the southeast, Engen to the south, and Geisingen and Bad Durrheim to the west. The whole municipality with the previously independent municipalities Hattingen, Hintschingen, Ippingen, Mauenheim and Zimmern include 22 villages, hamlets, farms and houses. Coat of arms of several incorporated municipalities History Immending ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Danube Sinkhole
Sinkhole in the Danube near Möhringen Schematic of the sinkhole locations and the route to Aachtopf Completely dry Danube riverbed right , Sink hole on the southern bank of the Danube, at the main sinkhole site below Immendingen Sign in Immendingen. Translation: "Sinkhole – Here the Danube sinks dry on about 155 days per year" The Danube Sinkhole ( or ) is an incipient underground stream capture in the Upper Danube Nature Park. Between Immendingen and Möhringen and also near Fridingen ( Tuttlingen), the water of the Danube sinks into the riverbed in various places. The main sinkhole is next to a field named ''Brühl'' between Immendingen and Möhringen. The term "sinking" is more accurate than "seeping", because, instead of just distributing into the soil, the Danube's water flows through caverns to the Aachtopf, where it emerges as the river Radolfzeller Aach, a tributary of Lake Constance and the Rhine, respectively. Hydrography The sinking Danube water ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Danube River
The Danube ( ; see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest south into the Black Sea. A large and historically important river, it was once a frontier of the Roman Empire. In the 21st century, it connects ten European countries, running through their territories or marking a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Ukraine. Among the many cities on the river are four national capitals: Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, and Belgrade. Its drainage basin amounts to and extends into nine more countries. The Danube's longest headstream, the Breg, rises in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald, while the river carries its name from its source confluence in the palace park in Donaueschingen onwards. Since ancient times, the Danube has been a traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Šuica (river)
The Šuica ( cyrl, Шуица) which is known as the Šujica (Шујица), is a sinking river flowing through Duvanjsko Polje and the wider region of Tropolje in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The river also runs through its subterranean section, which begins at the point where river goes underground within the main estavelle (ponor) at Kovači. This section of the Šuica is traversable for trained speleologists with proper equipment. Its sources are Mali Stržanj and Veliki Stržanj, both close to village of Stržanj. It flows through and drains most of its waters from Kupreško Polje, the Šuica Valley and Duvanjsko Polje. The river disappears underground in large Kovači estavelle In karst geology, estavelle or inversac is a ground orifice which, depending on weather conditions and season, can serve either as a sink or as a source of fresh water. It is a type of ponor or sinkhole A sinkhole is a depression or hole in ..., eponymous of nearby village Kovači, in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lištica (river)
Lištica is a sinking river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It starts under the name Ugrovača, and end its course as the Jasenica in Mostarsko Polje, before spills into the Neretva as its right-bank tributary. It is listed as the second coldest river in Europe, and is prone to constant flooding mostly during winter. The Lištica river connects with the Borak wellspring, which rises at the base of the mountainside on the outskirts of town of Široki Brijeg. The town of Široki Brijeg was named Lištica after the Lištica River during the SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1990) but changed its name when the country dissolved back into Bosnia and Herzegovina. Course The river begins as the Ugrovača river, runs through canyon where it pick-ups a new name, the Brina, and flows into the town of Široki Brijeg. Here it connects with the Borak wellspring, thus creating the Lištica river. The Lištica sinks in the area of Mostarsko Blato seasonal lake, and appears again in Rodoč suburb of Mostar as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Trebižat (river)
The Trebižat (Serbian Cyrillic: Требижат) is a river in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and major right tributary of the Neretva River. Geography and hydrology Trebižat River is located in the south-western region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is part of the Neretva basin and it is a major tributary of the Neretva river. The river rises from the large karstic wellspring within cave in Peć Mlini village. This wellspring is continuation of the Vrljika (Matica) river which sunk few kilometers before and on a plain above, at the southeastern end of Imotsko Polje near Drinovci in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sinking river Trebižat is 51 km long and is the second largest losing (sinking) stream in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose waters drains into the underground and reappear several times at various locations, but as a river the Trebižat sinks only once as the Matica, in estavelle(s) at the southeastern edge of Imotsko Polje near Drinovci, and reappears a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vrljika River
The Vrljika is short sinking river in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, belonging to Neretva River basin. Its source is located on the outskirts of village Proložac near town of Imotski, Croatia. The Vrljika River is home of endangered endemic ''Softmouth'' trout, also known as Adriatic trout. Rare hydrogeology The Vrljika River is a sinking river, typical of diverse karstic hydrology of Dinaric Alps in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rising from a strong karstic spring, it flows often short stretches before it sinks again. Nine names of the Trebižat River Because the Trebižat (river) disappears and reappears at resurgences various times, the people used to call it different names. Exactly nine names are known (every time it resurfaced, the river got a new name): Vrlika - Matica - Tihaljina - Mlade - Suvaja (Posušje) - Culuša - Ričina - Brina - Trebižat (river), Trebižat. Endemic and endangered trout Dinaric Alps, Dinaric karst water systems support 25% of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bregava
The Bregava ( sr-cyrl, Брегава) is a sinking river in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through the town of Stolac. It is a left tributary of the Neretva river. The river Bregava and its buildings - bridges, mills and stamping mills over the river - constitutes the backbone of the urban layout of Stolac. It passes through two waterfalls in Stolac, one of which is natural and the other artificial, and continues its way through the shallow and fertile Bregava gorge, leading to Badanj Cave. It is famous for its pure turquoise colour and clean waters, like the Neretva river which passes through Mostar. Many natural beaches are spread along the river. Natural environment The Bregava river also gathers a rich flora biodiversity, wild peppermint, sage, thyme, almond trees and numerous fruit trees (pomegranates, kiwis, plums, grapes...), and fauna living around, butterflies, trout, ducks, numerous diverse birds and water snakes. River biodiversity The Bregava river is a major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
