Patellar Plexus

	Patellar Plexus The patellar plexus is a nerve plexus within the subcutaneous tissue overlying and surrounding the patella and ligamentum patellae. It is a fine network of communicating nerve fibres. It is formed by the anterior division of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, terminal branches of the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve, terminal branches of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve, and the infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve. References Nerves of the lower limb and lower torso Nerve plexus {{Portal bar, Anatomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Nerve Plexus A nerve plexus is a plexus (branching network) of intersecting nerves. A nerve plexus is composed of afferent and efferent fibers that arise from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels. There are five spinal nerve plexuses, except in the thoracic region, as well as other forms of autonomic nervous system, autonomic plexuses, many of which are a part of the enteric nervous system. The nerves that arise from the plexuses have both sensory and motor functions. These functions include muscle contraction, the maintenance of body coordination and control, and the reaction to sensations such as heat, cold, pain, and pressure. There are several plexuses in the body, including: Spinal plexuses Cervical plexusserves the head, neck and shoulders Brachial plexusserves the chest, shoulders, arms and hands Lumbosacral plexus Lumbar plexusserves the back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves Subsartorial plexusbelow the sartorius muscle of thigh * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Patella The patella (: patellae or patellas), also known as the kneecap, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats, birds, and dogs, but not in whales, or most reptiles. In humans, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone (i.e., embedded within a tendon or a muscle) in the body. Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about four years of age. Structure The patella is a sesamoid bone roughly triangular in shape, with the apex of the patella facing downwards. The apex is the most inferior (lowest) part of the patella. It is pointed in shape, and gives attachment to the patellar ligament. The front and back surfaces are joined by a thin margin and towards centre by a thicker margin. The tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle attaches to the base of the patella., with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ligamentum Patellae The patellar tendon is the distal portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which is continued from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. It is also sometimes called the patellar ligament as it forms a bone to bone connection when the patella is fully ossified. Structure The patellar tendon is a strong, flat ligament, which originates on the apex of the patella distally and adjoining margins of the patella and the rough depression on its posterior surface; below, it inserts on the tuberosity of the tibia; its superficial fibers are continuous over the front of the patella with those of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is about 4.5 cm long in adults (range from 3 to 6 cm). The medial and lateral portions of the quadriceps tendon pass down on either side of the patella to be inserted into the upper extremity of the tibia on either side of the tuberosity; these portions merge into the capsule, as stated above, forming the medial and lateral patellar re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lateral Cutaneous Nerve Of Thigh The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is a cutaneous nerve of the thigh. It originates from the dorsal divisions of the second and third lumbar nerves from the lumbar plexus. It passes under the inguinal ligament to reach the thigh. It supplies sensation to the skin on the lateral part of the thigh by an anterior branch and a posterior branch. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh can be investigated using ultrasound. Local anaesthetic can be injected around the nerve for skin grafts and surgery around the outer thigh. Nerve compression (usually around the inguinal ligament) can cause meralgia paraesthetica. Structure The nerve is usually 1-2 mm thick. Origin The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is a nerve of the lumbar plexus. It arises from the anterior rami of the second and third lumbar nerves (L2-L3). Course and relations It passes through psoas major muscle, and emerges from its lateral border. It cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Intermediate Cutaneous Nerve The anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve consist of the following nerves: ''intermediate cutaneous nerve'' and ''medial cutaneous nerve''. Intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh The intermediate cutaneous nerve (middle cutaneous nerve) pierces the fascia lata (and generally the sartorius) about 7.5 cm below the inguinal ligament, and divides into two branches which descend in immediate proximity along the forepart of the thigh, to supply the skin as low as the front of the knee. Here they communicate with the anterior division of lateral cutaneous nerve, the anterior division of medial cutaneous nerve and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous, to form the patellar plexus. In the upper part of the thigh the lateral branch of the intermediate cutaneous communicates with the lumboinguinal branch of the genitofemoral nerve. Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh The medial cutaneous nerve (internal cutaneous nerve) passes obliquely across the upper part of the she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Saphenous Nerve The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. It commences in the proximal (upper) thigh and travels along the adductor canal. Upon exiting the adductor canal, the saphenous nerve terminates by splitting into two terminal branches: the sartorial nerve, and the infrapatellar nerve (which together innervate the medial, anteromedial, posteromedial aspects of the distal thigh). The saphenous nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin of the anteromedial leg. Structure It is purely a sensory nerve. Origin The saphenous nerve is the largest and terminal branch of the femoral nerve. It is derived from the lumbar plexus (L3-L4). Course Shortly after the femoral nerve passes under the inguinal ligament, it splits into anterior and posterior divisions by the passage of the lateral femoral ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nerves Of The Lower Limb And Lower Torso A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons). Nerves have historically been considered the basic units of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses called action potentials that are transmitted along each of the axons to peripheral organs or, in the case of sensory nerves, from the periphery back to the central nervous system. Each axon is an extension of an individual neuron, along with other supportive cells such as some Schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. Each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the endoneurium. The axons are bundled together into groups called fascicles, and each fascicle is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the perineurium. The entire nerve is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. Nerve cells (often called neurons) are further classified as either sensory or motor. In the central nervous system, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]