|
Neohesperidose
Neohesperidose is the disaccharide which is present in some flavonoids. It can be found in species of ''Typha''. Neohesperidosides * Cyanidin-3-neohesperidoside * Delphinidin-3-neohesperidoside * Rhoifolin or apigenin 7-''O''-neohesperidoside * Myricetin-3-''O''-neohesperidoside found in ''Physalis angulata'' * Neohesperidin (hesperetin 7-''O''-neohesperidoside) * Neoeriocitrin (eriodictyol 7-''O''-neohesperidoside) See also * Pyranose In organic chemistry, pyranose is a collective term for saccharides that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom (a heterocycle). There may be other carbons external to the ... References Synthesis of neohesperidose, B. H. Koeppen, 1968 External links Neohesperidose on rdchemicals.com Disaccharides Deoxy sugars {{Carbohydrate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neohesperidin
Neohesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits. It is the 7-O- neohesperidose derivative of hesperetin, which in turn is the 4'-methoxy derivative of eriodictyol. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone has an intense sweet taste, and is listed as a generally recognized as safe Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts under the conditions of its intended use. An ingredient with a GRAS d ... flavour enhancer by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association. References External links * {{Glycosides Flavanone glycosides Flavonoids found in Rutaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoeriocitrin
Neoeriocitrin is a 7-''O''-glycoside of the flavanone eriodictyol and the disaccharide neohesperidose Neohesperidose is the disaccharide which is present in some flavonoids. It can be found in species of ''Typha''. Neohesperidosides * Cyanidin-3-neohesperidoside * Delphinidin-3-neohesperidoside * Rhoifolin or apigenin 7-''O''-neohesperidoside ... (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranose). Note that the 'neo' in the name in this case does not refer to the position of the B-ring (which is not in a neo position), but refer to the glycosyl moiety. References * * External links * Flavanone glycosides {{Polyphenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhamnose
Rhamnose (Rha, Rham) is a naturally occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl- pentose or a 6-deoxy- hexose. Rhamnose predominantly occurs in nature in its L-form as L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L- mannose). This is unusual, since most of the naturally occurring sugars are in D-form. Exceptions are the methyl pentoses L- fucose and L-rhamnose and the pentose L- arabinose. However, examples of naturally-occurring D-rhamnose are found in some species of bacteria, such as '' Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and '' Helicobacter pylori''. Rhamnose can be isolated from buckthorn (''Rhamnus''), poison sumac, and plants in the genus ''Uncaria''. Rhamnose is also produced by microalgae belonging to class Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). Rhamnose is commonly bound to other sugars in nature. It is a common glycone component of glycosides from many plants. Rhamnose is also a component of the outer cell membrane of acid-fast bacteria in the ''Mycobacterium'' genus, which includes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyranose
In organic chemistry, pyranose is a collective term for saccharides that have a chemical structure that includes a six-membered ring consisting of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom (a heterocycle). There may be other carbons external to the ring. The name derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle pyran, but the pyranose ring does not have double bonds. A pyranose in which the anomeric (hydroxyl group) at C(l) has been converted into an OR group is called a pyranoside. Formation The pyranose ring is formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C-5) of a sugar with the aldehyde at carbon 1. This forms an intramolecular hemiacetal. If reaction is between the C-4 hydroxyl and the aldehyde, a furanose is formed instead. The pyranose form is thermodynamically more stable than the furanose form, which can be seen by the distribution of these two cyclic forms in solution. History Hermann Emil Fischer won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1902) fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriodictyol
Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa ('' Eriodictyon californicum''), a plant native to North America. Eriodictyol is one of the four flavanones identified in this plant as having taste-modifying properties, the other three being homoeriodictyol, its sodium salt, and sterubin. Eriodictyol has garnered scientific attention for its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Structurally similar to other flavonoids, such as hesperidin and naringenin, eriodictyol scavenges free radicals and regulates inflammatory responses. Eriodictyol was also found in the twigs of '' Millettia duchesnei'', in '' Eupatorium arnottianum'', and its glycosides ( eriocitrin) in lemons and rose hips (''Rosa canina''). Eriodictyol belongs to the flavanone The flavanones, a type of flavonoids, are various aromatic, colorless ketones derived from flavone that often occur in plants as glycosides. List of flavanones * Blumeatin * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperetin
Hesperetin is the 4'-methoxy derivative of eriodictyol, a flavanone. The 7-''O''-glycoside of hesperetin, hesperidin, is a naturally occurring flavanone-glycoside, the main flavonoid in grapefruits, lemons, and sweet oranges. Glycosides Various glycosides of hesperetin are known, including hesperidin (hesperetin-7-''O''-rutinoside), a water-insoluble flavonoid glycoside with low water solubility, Hesperidin is found in citrus fruits and upon ingestion it releases its aglycone, hesperetin. Neohesperidin is the 7-''O''- neohesperidoside of hesperetin. Metabolism Hesperidin 6-''O''-α-L-rhamnosyl-β-D-glucosidase is an enzyme that uses hesperidin and H2O to produce hesperetin and rutinose. Upon digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, hesperetin as for all flavonoids is rapidly metabolized in intestinal and liver cells, releasing smaller metabolites into the blood and urine for excretion. The biological effects of such metabolites ''in vivo'' are unknown. Laboratory res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physalis Angulata
''Physalis angulata'' is an erect herbaceous annual plant belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae. Its leaves are dark green and roughly oval, often with tooth shapes around the edge. The flowers are five-sided and pale yellow; the yellow-orange fruits are borne inside a balloon-like calyx. The exact native range is uncertain. The species may be naturally endemic to Australia or the Americas or the native range may encompass both the Americas and Australia. It is now widely distributed and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The plant produces edible fruit that can be eaten raw, cooked, jammed, etc. However, all other parts of the plant are poisonous. Members of the Toba-Pilagá ethnic group of Gran Chaco traditionally eat the ripe fruits raw. Unripe raw fruits, flowers, leaves, and stems of the plant contain solanine and solanidine alkaloids that may cause poisoning if ingested by humans, cattle or horses. Vernacular names *English common nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apigenin
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a flavone compound that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool. Apigenin is abundant in parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile flowers. It occurs in many fruits and vegetables, with the highest concentrations in dried and fresh parsley. Sources in nature Apigenin is found in many fruits and vegetables, but parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile tea are the most common sources. Apigenin is particularly abundant in the flowers of chamomile plants, constituting 68% of total flavonoids. Dried parsley can contain about 45 mg apigenin per gram. The apigenin content of fresh parsley is reportedly 215 mg per 100 grams, which is much higher than the next highest food source. Pharmacology ''In vitro'', apigenin binds competitively to the benzodiazepine site on GABAA receptors. There exist conflicting findings regard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula , which is often abbreviated as Glc. It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. It is used by plants to make cellulose, the most abundant carbohydrate in the world, for use in cell walls, and by all living Organism, organisms to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used by the cell as energy. In energy metabolism, glucose is the most important source of energy in all organisms. Glucose for metabolism is stored as a polymer, in plants mainly as amylose and amylopectin, and in animals as glycogen. Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. The naturally occurring form is -glucose, while its Stereoisomerism, stereoisomer L-glucose, -glucose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is less biologicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhoifolin
Rhoifolin is a chemical compound. It is first isolated from plant ''Rhus succedanea''. The term "Rhoi" derived from generic name of plant Rhus. It is a flavone, a type of flavonoid isolated from '' Boehmeria nivea'', China grass or ramie (leaf), from ''Citrus limon'', Canton lemon (leaf), from ''Citrus x aurantium'', the bigarade or bitter orange (plant), from '' Citrus x paradisi'', the grapefruit (leaf), from '' Ononis campestris'', the cammock (shoot) and from ''Sabal serratula'', the serenoa ''Serenoa repens'', commonly known as saw palmetto, is a small palm, growing to a maximum height around . Taxonomy It is the sole species in the genus ''Serenoa''. The genus name honors American botanist Sereno Watson. Distribution and ... or sabal fruit (plant). References Flavone glycosides {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delphinidin
Delphinidin (also delphinidine) is an anthocyanidin, a primary plant pigment, and also an antioxidant. Delphinidin gives blue hues to flowers in the genera ''Viola'' and ''Delphinium''. It also gives the blue-red color of the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon, and can be found in cranberries and Concord grapes as well as pomegranates, and bilberries. Delphinidin, like nearly all other anthocyanidins, is pH-sensitive, i.e. a natural pH indicator, and changes from blue in basic solution to red in acidic solution. Glycosides Several glycosides derived from delphinidin are known: * Myrtillin (delphinidin-3-''O''-glucoside) and tulipanin (delphinidin-3-''O''-rutinoside) can be found in blackcurrant pomace. * Violdelphin (delphinidin 3-rutinoside-7-''O''-(6-''O''-(4-(6-''O''-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucosyl)oxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucoside) is responsible for the purplish-blue flower color of '' Aconitum chinense''. * Nasunin (delphinidin-3-(''p''-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucosid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
