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Motorcycle Fairing
A motorcycle fairing is a shell placed over the frame of a motorcycle, especially racing motorcycles and sport bikes, to deflect wind and reduce air drag. The secondary functions are the protection of the rider from airborne hazards and wind-induced hypothermia and of the engine components in the case of an accident. A motorcycle windshield will usually be integrated into the design of the fairing.Tony Foale, ''Motorcycle Handling and Chassis Design'', , Chapter 5: "Aerodynamics" The major benefit of a fairing on sport touring and touring motorcycles is a reduction in aerodynamic drag, which allows for reduced fuel consumption and permits higher speeds at lower engine rpm, which in turn increases engine life. A motorcycle may have a front fairing, a rear fairing, a belly fairing, or any combination of these. Alternatively, a single fairing may partially or fully enclose the entire motorcycle, and may even enclose the rider. History The importance of streamlining was known ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW R90S
The BMW R90S is a 900cc sport motorcycle produced by BMW from 1973 to 1976. BMW commissioned designer Hans Muth to oversee the R90S, which became the flagship of the boxer engined "/6" range. Sporting distinctive two-tone paintwork, a bikini fairing and a new tail, the R90S was intended to shrug off the enduring image of BMW bikes as staid and utilitarian. The R90S had a top speed of , it ran the quarter mile in around 13.5 seconds and it accelerated from in 4.8 seconds. Maximum torque was delivered at 5,500 rpm and the engine redlined at 7,200 rpm. Technical overview The R90S' type 247 "airhead" engine was a pushrod OHV, two valve per cylinder, air-cooled flat-twin "boxer" unit. The engine was based closely on the R75/5, sharing the same stroke, but with a larger bore, to give a capacity of 898cc. The R90S weighed and has a five-speed gearbox with a shaft final drive. The first R90S models had a two-tone paintwork scheme of "Smoke Black/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R
The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R is a motorcycle in the Ninja sport bike series made by Kawasaki from 2000 through 2006. The inline-four engine produced at low speed, and increased to at high speed due to its ram-air intake, making it the most powerful production motorcycle up to 2006 and the release of the ZX-14. It was a contender to be the fastest production motorcycle, and played a role in bringing to a truce the escalating competition to build an ever-faster motorcycle. Its top speed was electronically limited to , tying it with the Suzuki Hayabusa and Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14 as the fastest production motorcycle on the market, after the 1999 Hayabusa was replaced with a speed-limited version as part of a gentlemen's agreement between motorcycle manufacturers that lasted until the 2007 MV Agusta F4 R 312. Model designation Usually 1,200 cc Kawasaki sportbike was called ZZ-R1200 in some markets and ZX-12R in others, but the ZX-12R only went by one name. The 2002–2005 Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sport Touring Motorcycle
A sport touring motorcycle (sometime a "sports-tourer") is a type of motorcycle that combines the performance of a sport bike with the long-distance capabilities and comfort of a touring motorcycle. The first sport-tourer is said to be the fully faired 1977 BMW R100RS. Journalist Peter Egan defines the sport-tourer as a " café racer that doesn't hurt your wrists and a touring bike that doesn't feel like a tank," and identified the R100RS as the first example he owned. Unlike a sport model, a sport touring model will typically have more wind protection with larger fairings and an adjustable windscreen, a transmission with lower gearing, a shaft drive instead of chain drive, side and/or rear pannier storage systems, a larger alternator for more accessories, heated handlebar grips, remotely adjustable headlights, a larger fuel tank for increased range, and a more upright seating position. Unlike a full touring model, a sports-tourer will typically have more ride height ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mudguard
A mudflap or mud guard is used in combination with the vehicle fender to protect the vehicle, passengers, other vehicles, and pedestrians from mud and other flying debris thrown into the air by the rotating tire. A mudflap is typically made from a flexible material such as rubber that is not easily damaged by contact with flying debris, the tire, or the road surface. On bicycles the mudflap is called a spoiler. It helps keep the rider(s) cleaner. Mudflaps can be large rectangular sheets suspended behind the tires, or may be small molded lips below the rear of the vehicle's wheel wells. Mudflaps can be aerodynamically engineered, utilizing shaping, louvers or vents to improve airflow and lower drag. While some flaps are plain, in the colour of rubber, many contain company logos, other art or sometimes advertisements. Another is the mudflap girl, a woman's silhouette. In the United States, there are mudflap regulations that vary from state to state. Aerodynamic Aerodyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NSU Rennmax Delphinverkleidung
NSU may refer to: Universities U.S. * Nevada State University, University of Nevada, Reno * New School University, New York * Northeastern State University, Oklahoma * Nicholls State University, Louisiana * Northwestern State University, Louisiana * Northern State University, South Dakota * Norfolk State University, Virginia * Nova Southeastern University, Florida Japan * Nagoya Sangyo University, a private university in Owariasahi, Aichi, Japan * Niigata Sangyo University, a private university in Kashiwazaki, Niigata, Japan * Niigata Seiryo University, a private university in Niigata, Niigata, Japan Other countries * Namangan State University, Namangan, Uzbekistan * Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria * Naval State University, Biliran, Philippines * Nepal Sanskrit University, Beljhundi, Dang, midwestern Development Region, Nepal * Netaji Subhas University, Jharkhand, India * Nordic Summer University, Scandinavia * North South University, first privately run Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drag Coefficient
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: c_\mathrm, c_x or c_) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area. The drag coefficient of any object comprises the effects of the two basic contributors to fluid dynamic drag: skin friction and form drag. The drag coefficient of a lifting airfoil or hydrofoil also includes the effects of lift-induced drag. The drag coefficient of a complete structure such as an aircraft also includes the effects of interference drag. Definition The drag coefficient c_\mathrm d is defined as c_\mathrm d = \dfrac where: * F_\mathrm d is the drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peel Engineering Company
The Peel Engineering Company was a manufacturing company based in Peel on the west coast of the Isle of Man that primarily made fibreglass boats through its subsidiary company West Marine Ltd. and fairings for motorcycles. Description and history The sports fairings were recognisable for their styling with integral 'blisters' enclosing the handlebar-ends and rider's hands, and were available for racing, named ''Mountain Mile'', with a similar sports-style for road use incorporating a distinctive, large rectangular Cibié headlamp, named ''Peel 707''. A different design was for touring, aptly named ''TT Tourer''. The company built an experimental hovercraft design in 1961 powered by a 500 cc Triumph engine. In 1965, Peels arranged for all fairing production to be transferred under licence to ''Mike Ivory'' of Luton, Bedfordshire, England. Prototype and development work continued in the Isle of Man. Peel Engineering developed the Peel Manxcar concept vehicle, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Player Norton
The John Player Norton, also referred to as JPN and JPS Norton, were a series of Formula 750 racers manufactured by Norton Motorcycle Company from 1972 to 1974 and sponsored by cigarette manufacturer John Player. The engine for these machines was derived from the unit used in the Norton Commando, which was a development of the 1948 Bert Hopwood designed 500 cc Dominator. The lack of power from the engine, compared with other manufacturers, led designer and rider Peter Williams to a adopt a radical approach to chassis design. Riders of the bikes included Williams, Phil Read, Tony Rutter, Mick Grant, John Cooper, Dave Aldana and Dave Croxford. To celebrate the success of the racers, Norton produced a limited edition version of the Commando, the Norton Commando John Player Special, styled on the racers. Background Peter Williams had joined the Norton factory’s new race shop in 1970 as a design and development engineer as well as racing for the factory. In 1971 Williams was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Williams (motorcyclist)
Peter Williams (27 August 1939 – 20 December 2020) was a British former professional motorcycle racer. He competed in Grand Prix motorcycle road racing from 1966 to 1973. He also competed at many levels on home short-circuit races. He raced many times on the Isle of Man TT course from 1966 to 1973. His father was Jack Williams who ran the Associated Motor Cycles (AMC) race department. Williams trained in mechanical engineering and introduced via racing alloy wheels, an innovation which is commonplace on today's road bikes, and was also an early pioneer of solo-motorcycle disc brakes. Riding career Williams was born in Nottingham, England. He started his racing on UK race circuits in 1964 and won the 250 cc class of the 1964 Thruxton 500 race on an AJS model 14 CSR partnered by Tony Wood. ''Motor Cycle'', 25 June 1964. p.122 ''Thruxton 500 race report and result'' and p.7a ''Associated Motor Cycles full page factory advertisement'' "''250cc class. 1st AJS 14 CSR. Ride ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axle
An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type axle is referred to as a '' spindle''. Terminology On cars and trucks, several senses of the word ''axle'' occur in casual usage, referring to the shaft itself, its housing, or simply any transverse pair of wheels. Strictly speaking, a shaft which rotates with the wheel, being either bolted or splined in fixed relation to it, is called an ''axle'' or ''axle shaft''. However, in looser usage, an entire assembly including the surrounding axle housing (typically a casting) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crosswind
A crosswind is any wind that has a perpendicular component to the line or direction of travel. This affects the aerodynamics of many forms of transport. Moving non-parallel to the wind's direction creates a crosswind component on the object and thus increasing the apparent wind on the object; such use of cross wind travel is used to advantage by sailing craft, kiteboarding craft, power kiting, etc. On the other side, crosswind moves the path of vehicles sideways and can be a hazard. Definition When winds are not parallel to or directly with/against the line of travel, the wind is said to have a crosswind ''component''; that is, the force can be separated into two vector components: * the headwind or tailwind component in the direction of motion, * the crosswind component perpendicular to the former. A vehicle behaves as though it is directly experiencing a lateral effect of the magnitude of the crosswind component only. The crosswind component is computed by multiplying the wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircraft Principal Axes
An aircraft in flight is free to rotate in three dimensions: '' yaw'', nose left or right about an axis running up and down; ''pitch'', nose up or down about an axis running from wing to wing; and ''roll'', rotation about an axis running from nose to tail. The axes are alternatively designated as ''vertical'', ''lateral'' (or ''transverse''), and ''longitudinal'' respectively. These axes move with the vehicle and rotate relative to the Earth along with the craft. These definitions were analogously applied to spacecraft when the first manned spacecraft were designed in the late 1950s. These rotations are produced by torques (or moments) about the principal axes. On an aircraft, these are intentionally produced by means of moving control surfaces, which vary the distribution of the net aerodynamic force about the vehicle's center of gravity. Elevators (moving flaps on the horizontal tail) produce pitch, a rudder on the vertical tail produces yaw, and ailerons (flaps on the win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
