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Megalosauroidea
Megalosauroidea (meaning 'great/big lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period. The group is defined as '' Megalosaurus bucklandii'' and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with it than with '' Allosaurus fragilis'' or '' Passer domesticus''. Members of the group include ''Spinosaurus'', ''Megalosaurus'', and '' Torvosaurus''. They are possibly paraphyletic in nature with respect to Allosauroidea, which is to say some members of this superfamily might be closer to Allosauroids than to each other, which is undesirable in cladistics. Classification The name Spinosauroidea is sometimes used in place of Megalosauroidea. The superfamily Spinosauroidea was named in 1915 by Ernst Stromer. It is a synonym of Megalosauroidea in almost all modern phylogenetic analyses, and it is therefore redundant. Spinosauroidea was defined as a clade in 1998 by Paul Sereno as the node clade c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tetanurae
Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") is a clade that includes most Theropoda, theropod dinosaurs, including Megalosauroidea, megalosauroids, Allosauroidea, allosauroids, and Coelurosauria, coelurosaurs (which includes Tyrannosauroidea, tyrannosauroids, Ornithomimosauria, ornithomimosaurs, Compsognathidae, compsognathids and maniraptorans, the latter including living birds). Tetanurans are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to ''Ceratosaurus'' and contain the majority of predatory dinosaur diversity. Tetanurae likely diverged from its sister group, Ceratosauria, during the late Triassic. Tetanurae first appeared in the fossil record by the Early Jurassic about 190 mya and by the Middle Jurassic had become globally distributed. The group was named by Jacques Gauthier in 1986 and originally had two main subgroups: Carnosauria and Coelurosauria, the clade containing birds and related dinosaurs such as compsognathids, tyrannosaurids, ornit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sciurumimus
''Sciurumimus'' ("Squirrel-mimic," named for its tail's resemblance to that of the tree squirrel, ''Sciurus'') is an extinct genus of Tetanurae, tetanuran Theropoda, theropod from the Late Jurassic Torleite Formation of Germany. It is known from a single juvenile specimen representing the type species, ''Sciurumimus albersdoerferi'', which was found in a limestone quarry close to Painten in Lower Bavaria. The specimen was preserved with traces of feather-like filaments. The ''Sciurumimus'' specimen was first announced in an informal presentation by Rauhut and Foth (2011), but not formally described and named until the following year by Rauhut ''et al.'' (2012). Although originally classified as a basal Megalosauroidea, megalosauroid, later phylogenetic analyses dispute this placement. However, a recent analysis on immature coelurosaurs, including compsognathids, finds ''Sciurumimus'' back in Megalosauroidea. Description ''Sciurumimus'' is known from a single holotype fossil that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Megalosauridae
Megalosauridae is a monophyletic Family (taxonomy), family of Carnivore, carnivorous theropod dinosaurs within the group Megalosauroidea. Appearing in the Middle Jurassic, megalosaurids were among the first major radiation of large theropod dinosaurs. They were a relatively primitive group of basal Tetanurae, tetanurans containing two main subfamilies, Megalosaurinae and Afrovenatorinae, along with the basal genus ''Eustreptospondylus'', an unresolved taxon which differs from both subfamilies. The defining megalosaurid, ''Megalosaurus bucklandii'', was first named and described in 1824 by William Buckland after multiple finds in Stonesfield, Oxfordshire, UK. ''Megalosaurus'' was the first formally described dinosaur and was the basis for the establishment of the clade Dinosauria. It is also one of the largest known Middle Jurassic carnivorous dinosaurs, with the best-preserved femur at 805 mm and a proposed body mass of around 943 kg. Megalosauridae has mainly been reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Spinosauridae
Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids) is a clade or Family (taxonomy), family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. Their remains have generally been attributed to the Early Cretaceous, Early to early Late Cretaceous. Spinosaurids were large Bipedalism, bipedal carnivores. Their crocodilian-like skulls were long, low, and narrow, bearing conical teeth with reduced or absent Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#serrations, serrations. The tips of their upper and Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#mandible, lower jaws fanned out into a spoon-shaped structure similar to a Rosette (design), rosette, behind which there was a Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#subnarial gap, notch in the upper jaw that the expanded tip of the lower jaw fit into. The Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#bony nostrils, nostrils of spinosaurids were retracted to a position further back on the head than in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Monolophosaurus
''Monolophosaurus'' ( ; meaning "single-crested lizard") is an extinct genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shishugou Formation in what is now Xinjiang, China.Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'Winter 2010 Appendix./ref> It was named for the single crest on top of its skull. ''Monolophosaurus'' was a mid-sized theropod at about long and weighed . Discovery and naming A nearly complete skeleton of a theropod new to science was discovered by Dong Zhiming in 1981, during stratigraphic exploration for the benefit of the oil industry. The fossil was not unearthed until 1984. In 1987, before description in the scientific literature, it was referred to in the press as ''Jiangjunmiaosaurus'', an invalid ''nomen nudum''. In 1992 it was mentioned by Dong Zhiming as ''Monolophosaurus jiangjunmiaoi'', and in 1993 by Wayne Grady as ''Monolophosaurus dongi''. These latter names also la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chuandongocoelurus
''Chuandongocoelurus'' ( ) is a genus of carnivorous tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Jurassic of China. Discovery and naming The type species ''Chuandongocoelurus primitivus'' was first described and named by Chinese paleontologist He Xinlu in 1984. The generic name combines references to the Chuandong in Sichuan Province and the theropod genus ''Coelurus'', itself named after the Greek κοῖλος, ', meaning "hollow" and οὐρά, ', meaning "tail". The specific name means "the primitive one" in Latin, a reference to the great age of the find. He assigned two partial skeletons to ''Chuandongocoelurus''. The holotype, a thighbone, is part of specimen CCG 20010. Vertebrae, pelvic bones and hindlimb elements, also catalogued under this inventory number, may belong to the same individual. The specimen has unfused neurocentral sutures in its vertebrae, meaning that the animal was immature at the time of death. The second specimen, CCG 20011, is a set of neck vertebrae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dandakosaurus
''Dandakosaurus'' (meaning "Dandakaranya lizard") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Kota Formation, Andhra Pradesh, India. It lived 183 to 175 million years ago from the latest Pliensbachian to the late Toarcian stages of the Early Jurassic. Little is known about the genus and some paleontologists consider it to be a ''nomen dubium''. Discovery and naming The holotype is partial pubis, GSI 1/54Y/76, discovered in the Kota Formation of India between 1958 and 1961 and was described as an indeterminate carnosaur in 1962. Other material referred to the genus include dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, a tooth and a partial ischium. The type species, ''D. indicus'', was named by Ponnala Yadagiri in 1982.Yadagiri, P. (1982). Osteological studies of a carnosaurian dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation: Andhra Pradesh. ''Geological Survey of India (Progress Report for Field Season Programme 1981-1982), Regional Palaeontological Laboratories, Southern Region.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Piatnitzkysauridae
Piatnitzkysauridae is an extinct family of megalosauroid or basal allosauroid dinosaurs. It only consists of three to four known dinosaur genera: '' Condorraptor'', '' Marshosaurus'', '' Piatnitzkysaurus and'' possibly '' Xuanhanosaurus.'' The most complete and well-known member of this family is ''Piatnitzkysaurus'', which also gives the family its name. Description So far, all known piatnitzkysaurids have only been found in Jurassic deposits of the western hemisphere/New world (however, if ''Xuanhanosaurus'' is included, this may expand their range). ''Piatnitzkysaurus'' and ''Condorraptor'' hail from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina, which has been dated from the Toarcian epoch of the Early Jurassic to the Bathonian epoch of the Middle Jurassic (approximately 179 to 168 million years ago). ''Marshosaurus'' was found in the Morrison Formation of the United States, which was dated to the Kimmeridgian epoch of the Late Jurassic. Piatnitzkysaurids were among the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Streptospondylus
''Streptospondylus'', from Ancient Greek στρεπτός (''streptós''), meaning "twisted", and σπόνδυλος (''spóndulos''), meaning "vertebra", is a genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur known from the Late Jurassic period of France, 161 million years ago. It was a medium-sized predator with an estimated length of 6 meters (19.5 ft) and a weight of 500 kg (1,100 lbs). Discovery and naming ''Streptospondylus'' was one of the first dinosaurs collected and was the first described, though not the first dinosaur named. It was not recognised as a theropod dinosaur until 2001. In 1778, abbey Charles Bacheley, a Norman naturalist, reported the presence of fossil bones in the Callovo-Oxfordian formations, either the Marnes de Dives or the overlying Marnes de Villers, probably the former, exposed at the foot of the Vaches Noires cliffs between Villers-sur-Mer and Houlgate.Brignon, A. (2016) Abbé Bacheley and the discovery of the first dinosaurs and mari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Spinosaurus
''Spinosaurus'' (; ) is a genus of large spinosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in what now is North Africa during the Cenomanian faunal stage, stage of the Late Cretaceous Period (geology), period, about 100 to 94 annum, million years ago. The genus was known first from Egyptian remains discovered in 1912 and described by German paleontologist, palaeontologist Ernst Stromer in 1915 in paleontology, 1915. The original remains were destroyed in World War II, but additional material came to light in the early 21st century. It is unclear whether one or two species are represented in the fossils reported in the scientific literature. The type species ''S. aegyptiacus'' is mainly known from Egypt and Morocco. Although a potential second species, ''S. maroccanus'', has been recovered from Morocco, this nomen dubium, dubious species is likely a junior synonym of ''S. aegyptiacus''. Other possible junior synonyms include ''Sigilmassasaurus'' from the Kem Kem beds in Morocco and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Juravenator
''Juravenator'' is a genus of small (75 cm long) coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur (although a 2020 study proposed it to be a hatchling megalosauroid), which lived about 151 or 152 million years ago in the area that would someday become the top of the Franconian Jura of Germany ( Torleite Formation). It is known from a single, juvenile specimen. Description ''Juravenator'' was a small bipedal predator. The holotype of ''Juravenator'' represents a juvenile individual, about seventy-five centimetres in length. In 2006 and 2010 Göhlich established some diagnostic traits. The four teeth of the premaxilla in the front of the snout had serrations on the upper third of the back edge of the tooth crown. Between the tooth row of the premaxilla and that of the maxilla there was no hiatus. The maxillary teeth were few in number, eight with the holotype. The depression or ''fossa'' for the large skull opening, the ''fenestra antorbitalis'', was long and extended far to the front. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Asfaltovenator
''Asfaltovenator'' (meaning "Cañadón Asfalto Formation hunter" after the fossil formation in which its fossils were found) is a genus of possibly allosauroid dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (Middle Toarcian) Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. The type species, type and only species is ''Asfaltovenator vialidadi''. Discovery In 2002, technician Leandro Canesa discovered a theropod skeleton roughly a mile north of Cerro Condor. Excavations started in 2005, and the fossil was removed in its entirety in 2007. It was then prepared by Mariano Caffa, a process that took five years due to the extreme hardness of the stone matrix. Between 2013 and 2015, it was compared with the specimens of related theropods. In 2019, the type species ''Asfaltovenator vialidadi'' was named and described by Oliver Walter Mischa Rauhut and Diego Pol. The generic name combines a reference to the Cañadón Asfalto Formation with the Latin word ''venator'', meaning "hunter". The sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
