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Meeting On The Isle Of Pheasants
The Meeting on the Isle of Pheasants on 7 June 1660 was part of the process ending the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59); the Spanish princess Maria Theresa of Spain entered France for her marriage to Louis XIV, and said goodbye to her father Philip IV of Spain and much of the Spanish court. This had been agreed at an earlier meeting on the island, on 7 November 1659, which saw the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees by the chief ministers. Pheasant Island lies on the River Bidasoa that is still the border between France and Spain, and the tiny island remains joint territory to this day. Representatives of Spain and France Those present included, from Spain, Maria Theresa, the Count-Duke of Olivares, chief minister, as well as one of the organisers of the meeting, and the painter Diego Velázquez, who was then sixty years of age. Such grand meetings between reigning monarchs had become increasingly rare in the 17th century. On the French side, there was the widowed queen Anne o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pheasant Island
Pheasant Island (, , , , ) is an uninhabited river island located in the Bidasoa river, located between France and Spain, whose administration alternates between the two nations every six months. Etymology There are no pheasants on the island. The name could be a misinterpretation of some French word related to "passing" or "toll". The "Conference" name could come from the international meetings held there. History The most important historical event to have taken place on the island was the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees. This was the climax to a series of 24 conferences held between Luis Méndez de Haro, a grandee of Spain, and Cardinal Mazarin, Chief Minister of France, in 1659 following the end of the Thirty Years' War. A monolith was built in the centre of the island to commemorate the meeting. The island has also been used for several other royal meetings: *1659 – Louis XIV met his future wife Maria Theresa of Spain (1638–1683); they were the parents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chief Minister Of France
The chief minister of France or, closer to the French term, chief minister of state (), or prime minister of France were and are informal titles given to various personages who received various degrees of power to rule the Kingdom of France on behalf of the monarch during the ('Old Regime'). The titles were however informal and used more as job descriptions. History Like the title of Chief Minister was unofficial, the monarch maintained all his powers, giving to the Chief Minister the task to make effective his orders. However, during moments where the king was absent from the country, highly sick, indifferent or unfit to govern, the Chief Minister had a strong role, becoming the real mind behind the state's operating. Usually, the Chief Ministers were members of the Conseil du Roi, King's Council (the archaic form of Cabinet (government), cabinet) or high members of the French nobility or the Catholic Church in France, Catholic clergy. From 1661, Louis XIV and his successors ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
The Franco-Spanish War , May 1635 to November 1659, was fought between Kingdom of France, France and Habsburg Spain, Spain, each supported by various allies at different points. The first phase, beginning in May 1635 and ending with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, is considered a related conflict of the Thirty Years' War. The second continued until 1659, when France and Spain agreed to peace terms in the Treaty of the Pyrenees. Major areas of conflict included northern Italy, the Spanish Netherlands and the Rhineland. France supported revolts against Spanish rule in Portuguese Restoration War, Portugal (1640–1668), Reapers' War, Catalonia (1640–1653) and Neapolitan Revolt of 1647, Naples (1647), while Spain backed French rebels in the 1647 to 1653 civil war or "Fronde". Both also backed opposing sides in the 1639 to 1642 Piedmontese Civil War. Prior to May 1635, France provided significant support to Habsburg opponents such as the Dutch Republic and Swedish Empire, Sweden, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
France–Spain Relations
France–Spain relations are bilateral relations between France and Spain, in which both share a long border across the Pyrenees, other than one point which is cut off by Andorra. As two of the most powerful kingdoms of the early modern era, France and Spain fought a 24-year war (the Franco-Spanish War) until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. The treaty was signed on Pheasant Island between the two nations, which has since been a condominium, changing its allegiances each six months. Both nations are member states of the European Union (and both nations utilize the euro as currency); both are also members of the Council of Europe, OECD, NATO, Union for the Mediterranean, and the United Nations. History Medieval The entire mainlands of both ''Gaul'' and ''Hispania'' were possessions of the Roman Empire. While the term "Spain" may be improper when used to refer to France–Spain relations before the union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1476, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
17th-century Diplomatic Conferences
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCI), to December 31, 1700 (MDCC). It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French '' Grand Siècle'' dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. From the mid-17th century, European politics were increasingly dominated by the Kingdom of France of Louis XIV, where royal power was solidified domestically in the civil war of the Fronde. The semi-feudal territorial French nobility was weakened and subjugated to the power of an absolute monarchy through the reinvention of the Palace of Versailles from a hunting lodge to a gilded prison, in which a greatly expanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1660 In International Relations
Year 166 ( CLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pudens and Pollio (or, less frequently, year 919 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 166 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Dacia is invaded by barbarians. * Conflict erupts on the Danube frontier between Rome and the Germanic tribe of the Marcomanni. * Emperor Marcus Aurelius appoints his sons Commodus and Marcus Annius Verus as co-rulers (Caesar), while he and Lucius Verus travel to Germany. * End of the war with Parthia: The Parthians leave Armenia and eastern Mesopotamia, which both become Roman protectorates. * A plague (possibly small pox) comes from the East and spreads throughout the Roman Empire, lasting for roughly twenty years. * The Lombards invade Pannonia (modern Hunga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1660 In France
Events from the year 1660 in France Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XIV Events *Carib Expulsion: French-led ethnic cleansing removes most of the Carib population of the island of Martinique. *Blaise Pascal's ''Lettres provinciales'', a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld, is ordered by the king to be shredded and burned. Births *January – Hippolyte Hélyot, historian (died 1716) *30 November – Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Marshal of France (died 1737) *4 December ''(bapt.)'' – André Campra, composer and conductor (died 1744) Deaths *10 June – Étienne de Flacourt, governor of Madagascar, drowned at sea (born 1607) *5 November – Alexandre de Rhodes, Jesuit missionary (born 1591) *1 December – Pierre d'Hozier, genealogist (born 1592) *3 December – Jacques Sarazin, sculptor (born 1588/90) Full date missing * Jean Boulanger, painter (born 1606) *Jean-Jacques Chifflet, physician and antiquary (born 1588) * Richard Tassel, religious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Le Mans
Le Mans (; ) is a Communes of France, city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe (river), Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the Provinces of France, province of Maine (province), Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe Departments of France, department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire Regions of France, region. Its inhabitants are called ''Manceaux'' (male) and ''Mancelles'' (female). Since 1923, the city has hosted the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the world's oldest active endurance sports car race. The event is among the most attended and Triple Crown of Motorsport, prestigious motor sports events in the world. History First mentioned by Claudius Ptolemy, the Roman Empire, Roman city ''Vindinium'' was the capital of the Aulerci, a sub tribe of the Aedui. Le Mans is also known as ''Civitas Cenomanorum'' (City of the Aulerci Cenomani, Cenomani), or ''Cenomanus''. Their city, seized by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jacques Laumosnier
Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related to the surname by the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Origins The origin of this surname comes from the Latin ' Iacobus', associated with the biblical patriarch Jacob. Ancient history A French knight returning from the Crusades in the Holy Lands probably adopted the surname from "Saint Jacques" (or "James the Greater"). James the Greater was one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles, and is believed to be the first martyred apostle. Being endowed with this surname was an honor at the time and it is likely that the Church allowed it because of acts during the Crusades. Indeed, at this time, the use of biblical, Christian, or Hebrew names and surnames became very popular, and entered the European lexicon. Robert J., a Knight Crusader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Palace Of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in France. The palace is owned by the government of France and since 1995 has been managed, under the direction of the Ministry of Culture (France), French Ministry of Culture, by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles. About 15,000,000 people visit the palace, park, or gardens of Versailles every year, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Louis XIII built a hunting lodge at Versailles in 1623. His successor, Louis XIV, expanded the château into a palace that went through several expansions in phases from 1661 to 1715. It was a favourite residence for both kings, and in 1682, Louis XIV moved the seat of his court and government to Versailles, making the palace the ''de fact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Charles Le Brun
Charles Le Brun (; baptised 24 February 1619 – 12 February 1690) was a French Painting, painter, Physiognomy, physiognomist, Aesthetics, art theorist, and a director of several art schools of his time. He served as a court painter to Louis XIV, who declared him "the greatest French artist of all time". Le Brun was a dominant figure in 17th-century French art and was influenced by Nicolas Poussin. Biography Early life and training Born in Paris, Le Brun attracted the notice of Pierre Séguier, Chancellor Séguier, who placed him at the age of eleven in the studio of Simon Vouet. He was also a pupil of François Perrier (painter), François Perrier. At fifteen he received commissions from Cardinal Richelieu, in the execution of which he displayed an ability which obtained the generous commendations of Nicolas Poussin, in whose company Le Brun started for Rome in 1642. In Rome, he remained four years in the receipt of a pension due to the liberality of the chancellor. There he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
