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Leafhopper
Leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family (biology), family Cicadellidae: based on the type genus ''Cicadella''. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones. They undergo a partial metamorphosis, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or Vector (epidemiology), vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species. They belong to a lineage traditionally treated as infraorder Cicadomorpha in the suborder Auchenorrhy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brochosome
Brochosomes are intricately structured microscopic granules secreted by leafhoppers (the family Cicadellidae of the insect order Hemiptera) and typically found on their body surface and, more rarely, eggs. Brochosomes were first described in 1952 with the aid of an electron microscope. Brochosomes are hydrophobic and help keep the insect cuticle clean. These particles have also been found in samples of air and can easily contaminate foreign objects, which explains erroneous reports of brochosomes on other insects.Rakitov R.A. (2011Contamination as the cause of erroneous records of brochosomes.''Psyche: A Journal of Entomology '' 2011, Article ID 767963, . The name, derived from the Greek words ''βρóχoς'' ("brochos": mesh of a net) and ''σωμα'' ("soma": body), refers to the characteristic reticulated surface of the granules. Structure and composition Most species of leafhoppers produce hollow spherical brochosomes, 0.2–0.7 micrometres in diameter, with a honeycombed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proconiini
The name sharpshooter is used to refer to any of various genera and species of large leafhoppers in the tribe Proconiini of the family leafhopper, Cicadellidae. As with all cicadellids, they have piercing-sucking mouthparts and closely spaced rows of fine spines on their hind legs. The nymphs feed by inserting their needle-like mouthparts into the xylem of the small stems on the plant where the eggs were deposited; the adults have wings and are highly mobile, and most feed on a variety of different plant species. Both nymphs and adults filter a huge volume of dilute liquid through their Digestion#Digestive system, digestive system to extract the trace nutrients, and much of the water and carbohydrates are squirted forcibly away from the body in a fine stream of droplets, thus earning them their common name. This group includes a few species which are plant pests, the most serious of which is ''Homalodisca vitripennis'' (the "Glassy-winged sharpshooter"). A microbial plant parasit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytoplasma
Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular parasites of plant phloem tissue and of the insect vectors that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by Japanese scientists who termed them mycoplasma-like organisms. Since their discovery, phytoplasmas have resisted all attempts at ''in vitro'' culture in any cell-free medium; routine cultivation in an artificial medium thus remains a major challenge. Phytoplasmas are characterized by the lack of a cell wall, a pleiomorphic or filamentous shape, a diameter normally less than 1 μm, and a very small genome. Phytoplasmas are pathogens of agriculturally important plants, including coconut, sugarcane, sandalwood, and cannabis, as well as horticultural crops like sweet cherry, peaches, and nectarines. They cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from mild yellowing, small fruit, and reduced sugar content to death. Phytoplasmas are most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auchenorrhyncha
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the "Homoptera" – groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known "Homoptera", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many are vectors of viral and fungal diseases of plants. It is also common for Auchenorrhyncha species to produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. Such calls range from vibrations inaudible to humans, to the calls of many species of cicadas that can be heard for hundreds of metres, at least. In season, they produce the most characteristic and ubiquitous noise of the bush. Etymology The word "Auchenorrhyncha" is derived from the Greek words αὐχήν (auchēn), meaning "neck" or "throat," and ῥύγχος (rhynchos), meaning "snout". Classificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurymeloides Bicincta
''Eurymeloides bicincta'', commonly known as the two-lined gum-treehopper, is a leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae. It is the type species of the genus '' Eurymeloides''. It is a sap-sucking insect and is found on gum-trees in its native southeastern Australia. Description ''Eurymeloides bicincta'' grows to a length of about . The adult is wedge-shaped and is black with large orange eyes and white lines on its wings. The nymphs are orange. Ecology ''Eurymeloides bicincta'' is found on ''Eucalyptus'' trees where both nymphs and adults have piercing mouthparts and suck the sap. The excess fluid is secreted Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mech ... and is fed upon by ants which are often found associated with the leafhoppers. The ants do not harm the leafhoppers but may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cicadella
''Cicadella'' is the type genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Cicadellinae and tribe Cicadellini. Species are found mostly in Europe and Asia, but there are also records from Africa and the Americas. ''Cicadella'' was named by Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoology, zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained hi ... in 1817;Latreille PA (1817) La seconde section des Hémiptères, celle des Homoptères. (Homoptera. Lat.). In Cuvier's ''Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation: pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée.'' Deterville. Paris. 3: 400–408. earlier authorities had placed species (and those of similar genera) in the pre-occupied '' Tettigonia'' : the genus of large bush crickets. There were also many orthographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurymela Distincta
''Eurymela distincta'' is a species of leafhopper native to the Australian continent. It has a wedge-shaped body that is 10–12 mm long (adult male) or 12–14 mm long (adult female). The head is black with cream or white maxillary plates. The pronotum and scutellum are black. The tegmen is black with a blue or purple tinge, and one to three white fasciae. The costal margin is black. Legs are scarlet close to the body and black further away. Underparts are scarlet. ''E. distincta'' mainly feeds on the bangalay (''Eucalyptus botryoides'') and the apple box ('' Eucalyptus bridgesiana''), though it has also been recorded on manna gum ('' E. viminalis''), black gum ('' E. aggregate'') and Camden woollybutt ('' E. macarthurii''). Nymphs and adults may be attended by up to 20 ants of the genus ''Iridomyrmex'', which also attend female scale insects of the species '' Eriococcus coriaceus'' and '' E. confusus'' that infest the same trees. The ants eat the leaf-hoppers' sug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cicadellinae
CicadellinaeLatreille (1825) is a leafhopper subfamily in the family Cicadellidae. Selected genera * ''Bothrogonia'' * ''Cicadella'' * ''Cofana'' * ''Graphocephala ''Graphocephala'' is a large genus of leafhoppers, found from southern Canada to northern South America. Species References Cicadellini Cicadellidae genera Hemiptera of North America Insects of South America Taxa named by Edward P ...'' * '' Homalodisca'' * '' Zyzzogeton'' References Cicadellidae {{Cicadellinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treehopper
Treehoppers (more precisely typical treehoppers to distinguish them from the Aetalionidae) and thorn bugs are members of the family Membracidae, a group of insects related to the cicadas and the leafhoppers. About 3,200 species of treehoppers in over 400 genera are known.Treehoppers. Dr. Metcalf. NCSU Libraries. North Carolina State University. They are found on all continents except Antarctica; only five species are known from . Individual treehoppers usually live for only a few months. Morphology Treehoppers, due to their unusual appearance, have long interested |
Graphocephala Coccinea 6
''Graphocephala'' is a large genus of leafhoppers, found from southern Canada to northern South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o .... Species References Cicadellini Cicadellidae genera Hemiptera of North America Insects of South America Taxa named by Edward Payson Van Duzee {{Cicadellinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurymelinae
Eurymelinae is a subfamily of leafhopper Leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family (biology), family Cicadellidae: based on the type genus ''Cicadella''. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or ...s in the family Cicadellidae. Selected genera * '' Barolineocerus'' Freytag, 2008 * '' Eurymela'' Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 * '' Eurymelessa'' Evans, 1933 * '' Eurymelita'' Evans, 1933 * '' Eurymeloides'' Ashmead, 1889 * '' Idiocerus'' Lewis, 1834 * '' Oncopsis'' Burmeister, 1838 * '' Pediopsoides'' Matsumura, 1912 References Cicadellidae Hemiptera subfamilies {{Cicadellidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meat Ant
The meat ant (''Iridomyrmex purpureus''), also known as the gravel ant or southern meat ant, is a species of ant Endemism, endemic to Australia (island), Australia. A member of the genus ''Iridomyrmex'' in the subfamily Dolichoderinae, it was Scientific description, described by British entomologist Frederick Smith (entomologist), Frederick Smith in 1858. The meat ant is associated with many common names due to its appearance, nest-building behaviour and abundance, of which its Specific name (zoology), specific name, ''purpureus'', refers to its coloured appearance. It is among the best-known species of ant found throughout Australia; it occurs in almost all states and territories except for Tasmania. Its enormous distribution, aggression and ecological importance have made this ant a Dominance (ecology), dominant species. The meat ant is Polymorphism (biology), monomorphic (occurs in a particular form (zoology), form), although there is evidence that certain populations can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
