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Istinggar
Istinggar is a type of matchlock firearm built by the various ethnic groups of the Maritime Southeast Asia. The firearm is a result of Portuguese influence on local weaponry after the capture of Malacca (1511). Before this type of gun, in the archipelago already existed early long gun called ''bedil'', or Java arquebus as the Chinese call it. Most of the specimens in the Malay Peninsula are actually Malaysian in origin, manufactured in the Langkasuka lands of Kedah. The states of the Malay Peninsula imported this firearm as it was widely used in their wars. Etymology The name ''istinggar'' comes from the Portuguese word ''espingarda'' meaning arquebus or firearm. This term then corrupted into ''estingarda'', eventually to setinggar or istinggar. The word has many variations in the archipelago, such as satinggar, satenggar, istenggara, astengger, altanggar, astinggal, ispinggar, and tinggar. History The predecessor of firearms, the pole gun ( bedil tombak), was recorded as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java Arquebus
A Java arquebus (Indonesian and Malaysian: ''Bedil Jawa'') is a long-barreled early firearm from the Nusantara archipelago, dating back to the early 16th century. The weapon was used by Javanese armies, albeit in low number compared to total fighting men, before the arrival of Iberian explorers ( Portuguese and Spaniards) in the 16th century. In historical records, the weapon may be classified as arquebus or musket.Musket originally refers to a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating heavy armor (see Arnold, 2001, ''The Renaissance at War'', p. 75–78). Java arquebus is larger than ordinary arquebus and has good penetration ability. Etymology The term "Java arquebus" is a translation of the Chinese word 爪哇銃 (Zua Wa Chong) or 瓜哇銃 (Gua Wa Chong). In the local language the weapon was known by various names, bedil or bedhil is more commonly used. However, this term has a broad meaning — it may refer to various types of firearms and gunpowder weapons, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanegashima (gun)
, most often called in Japanese and sometimes in English , was a type of matchlock-configured arquebus firearm introduced to Japan through the Portuguese Empire in 1543. It was used by the samurai class and their "foot soldiers", and within a few years its introduction in battle changed the way war was fought in Japan forever. It, however, could not completely replace the (longbow). Although the Japanese developed various techniques to improve the gun's shortcomings, specifically its slow rate of fire and inability to fire in the rain, it remained inferior to the in these respects, and the latter continued to be an important weapon on the battlefield. After Tokugawa Ieyasu destroyed the Toyotomi clan in the siege of Osaka and established the Tokugawa shogunate, the relatively peaceful Edo period arrived, and the use of declined. History Origins The seems to have been based on snap matchlocks that were produced in the armory of Goa in Portuguese India, which was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedil Tombak
''Bedil tombak'' or ''bedil tumbak'' is a type of early firearm from the Indonesian archipelago. The weapon consists of a gun or small cannon mounted on a wooden pole, forming a type of weapon known as " pole gun" (''stangenbüchse'' in German). Etymology The word ''bedil'' is a term in the Malay and Javanese language meaning gun (any type of gun, from small pistol to large siege gun). The word ''tombak'' or ''tumbak'' means spear, pike, or lance. History The introduction of gunpowder-based weapons in the Nusantara archipelago can be traced back to the Mongol invasion of Java (1293), where the Chinese-Mongol troops used cannon ( 炮—Pào) against the forces of Kediri in Daha.Schlegel, Gustaaf (1902). "On the Invention and Use of Fire-Arms and Gunpowder in China, Prior to the Arrival of European". ''T'oung Pao''. 3: 1–11.Reid, Anthony (1993). ''Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680. Volume Two: Expansion and Crisis''. New Haven and London: Yale Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dragon (firearm)
A dragon is a shortened version of blunderbuss, a firearm with a short, large caliber Gun barrel, barrel which is flared at the Muzzle (firearms), muzzle and frequently throughout the entire bore. Dragons were typically issued to dragoon cavalry, who needed a lightweight, easily handled firearm to use while mounted., page 324, from a letter dated March 7, 1778 Etymology The term ''dragon'' is taken from the fact that early versions were decorated with a carving in the form of a mythical dragon's head around the muzzle; the muzzle blast would then give the impression of a fire-breathing dragon. History and description Early dragons were short wheellock firearms. It is called a dragon because the muzzle is decorated with a dragon's head. The practice comes from a time when all gunpowder weapons had distinctive names, including the culverin, serpentine, falcon, and Falconet (cannon), falconet. The dragon was effective only at short range, lacking accuracy at long range. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of Malacca (1511)
The Capture of Malacca in 1511 occurred when the governor of Portuguese India Afonso de Albuquerque conquered the city of Malacca City, Malacca in 1511. The port city of Malacca controlled the narrow, strategic Strait of Malacca, through which all seagoing trade between Ming dynasty, China and India was concentrated.''The Cambridge History of the British Empire'' Arthur Percival Newton p. 1 The capture of Malacca was the result of a plan by King Manuel I of Portugal, who since 1505 had intended to beat the New Spain, Castilians to the Far-East, and Albuquerque's own project of establishing firm foundations for Portuguese India, alongside Portuguese conquest of Hormuz, Hormuz, Portuguese conquest of Goa, Goa and Siege of Aden, Aden, to ultimately control trade and thwart Muslim shipping in the Indian Ocean. Having started sailing from Cochin in April 1511, the expedition would not have been able to turn around due to contrary monsoon winds. Had the enterprise failed, the Portugu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusitanian Basin
The Lusitanian Basin is a rift Depression (geology), basin remnant located on both the mainland and continental shelf off the west-central coast of Portugal. It covers an area measuring and extends north-south from Porto to Lisbon. The basin varies between approximately and in width and belongs to a family of periatlantic basins such as the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. To the east of the Lusitanian Basin lies the Central Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. A marginal Horst (geology), horst system lies to the west. The Alentejo Basin, Alentejo and Algarve Basins connect to the southern end of the Lusitanian Basin. In the north, it connects to the Porto and Galicia Basins via an undersea ridge. Geologic history Tectonics The Lusitanian Basin results from the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean due to Mesozoic extension. Throughout the complete formation of the basin, from the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous, five distinct phases can be defined, with four stages of rifting activity: * In t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boring (manufacturing)
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or casting, cast) by means of a Tool bit, single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head containing several such tools), such as in boring a gun barrel or an cylinder (engine), engine cylinder. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a tapered hole. Boring can be viewed as the internal-diameter counterpart to turning, which cuts external diameters. There are various types of boring. The boring bar may be supported on both ends (which only works if the existing hole is a through hole), or it may be supported at one end (which works for both, through holes and blind holes). Lineboring (line boring, line-boring) implies the former. Backboring (back boring, back-boring) is the process of reaching through an existing hole and then boring on the "back" side of the workpiece (relative to the machine headstock). Because of the limitatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Siak Sri Indrapura
The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (; Jawi: ), was a kingdom that was located in present-day Siak Regency, and nearby other regions from 1722 to 1949. It was founded by Raja Kecil'','' who had close relations with the Johor Sultanate, after he failed to seize the Johor throne. The polity expanded in the 18th century to encompass much of eastern Sumatra as it brought various communities under its control through warfare and control of trade between the interior of Sumatra and the Malacca Strait. The Dutch colonial state signed a series of treaties with the Siak rulers in the 19th century, which reduced the area of state influence to the Siak River. For the remainder of the Dutch colonial era, it operated as an independent state with Dutch advisors. After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak, Sultan Syarif Kasim II, declared his kingdom to join the Republic of Indonesia. History The history of Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacca Sultanate
The Malacca Sultanate (; Jawi script: ) was a Malay sultanate based in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia. Conventional historical thesis marks as the founding year of the sultanate by King of Singapura, Parameswara, also known as Iskandar Shah, although earlier dates for its founding have been proposed. At the height of the sultanate's power in the 15th century, its capital grew into one of the most important transshipment ports of its time, with territory covering much of the Malay Peninsula, the Riau Islands and part of the central eastern coast of Sumatra in present-day Indonesia. As a bustling international trading port, Malacca emerged as a centre for Islamic learning and dissemination, and encouraged the development of the Malay language, literature and arts. It heralded the golden age of Malay sultanates in the archipelago, in which Classical Malay became the ''lingua franca'' of Maritime Southeast Asia and Jawi script became the primary medium for cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceh
Aceh ( , ; , Jawi script, Jawoë: ; Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, Old Spelling: ''Atjeh'') is the westernmost Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the northern end of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west, Strait of Malacca to the northeast, as well bordering the province of North Sumatra to the east, its sole land border, and shares maritime borders with Malaysia and Thailand to the east, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India to the north. Granted a special Autonomous administrative division, autonomous status, Aceh is a religiously Religious conservatism, conservative territory, with the majority of the population being Muslim and the only Indonesian province practicing Islamic Sharia law officially. There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region, the largest being the Acehnese people, accounting for approximately 70% of the region's population of about 5.55 mill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João De Barros
João de Barros (; 1496 – 20 October 1570), nicknamed the "Portuguese Livy", is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his (''Decades of Asia''), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa. Early years João de Barros was born in Viseu, Portugal around 1496. He was the illegitimate son of Lopo de Barros, a squire in the royal household of Manuel I of Portugal and a holder of various judicial posts. Nothing is known of his mother. At a young age his father died and he was placed into service at the royal household, where he became a page to the heir apparent, Dom João, the future João III of Portugal. Educated in the palace, he composed, at the age of twenty, a romance of chivalry, the ''Chronicle of the Emperor Clarimundo'', in which he is said to have had the assistance of Prince John (later King John III). Upon ascending the throne, King John III awarded Barros the captaincy of the fortress of St George of Elmina, to which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
