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Ice Rinks
An ice rink (or ice skating rink) is a frozen body of water or an artificial sheet of ice where people can ice skate or play winter sports. Ice rinks are also used for exhibitions, contests and ice shows. The growth and increasing popularity of ice skating during the 1800s marked a rise in the deliberate construction of ice rinks in numerous areas of the world. The word "rink" is a word of Scottish origin meaning "course", used to describe the ice surface used in the sport of curling, but was kept in use once the winter team sport of ice hockey became established. There are two types of ice rinks in prevalent use today: natural ice rinks, where freezing occurs from cold ambient temperatures, and artificial ice rinks (or mechanically frozen), where a coolant produces cold temperatures underneath the water body (on which the game is played), causing the water body to freeze and then stay frozen. There are also synthetic ice rinks where skating surfaces are made out of plastics ...
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Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ...
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Rink Bandy
Rink bandy is a variant of the larger sport of bandy. Unlike bandy which is played on a large bandy field, rink bandy is played on significantly smaller ice hockey-sized ice rinks. While a bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch, rink bandy is played on ice hockey rinks. History Rink bandy originated in Sweden in the 1960s and was originally called ''hockeybockey''. With the arrival of indoor ice hockey arenas, it was a way for bandy players to practice on ice for a longer time through the year by making use of the new indoor facilities. Since bandy fields are much larger than ice hockey rinks, playing surfaces for bandy were still only made outdoors in the wintertime when artificial freezing was unnecessary. The game of rink bandy uses a bandy ball and bandy sticks. The goalkeeper has no stick. A rink bandy game lasts 60 minutes but is composed of either two 30 minute halves or three 20 minute periods. Similar rules to bandy are used, but they are simpl ...
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Eliakim Littell
Eliakim Littell (2 January 1797 – 17 May 1870) was an American editor and publisher, the founder of a long-lived periodical named ''Littell's Living Age'' (1844-1941). Biography Littell was born in Burlington, New Jersey. He moved to Philadelphia in 1819, and established a weekly literary paper entitled the ''National Recorder'', whose name he changed in 1821 to the ''Saturday Magazine''. In July 1822, he again changed it to a monthly called the ''Museum of Foreign Literature and Science'', which was edited during the first year by Robert Walsh, and subsequently by himself and his brother Squier (born in Burlington, New Jersey, 9 December 1803; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 July 1886). After conducting this with great success for nearly 22 years, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts. In Boston in April 1844, he began ''Littell's Living Age'', a weekly literary periodical, published from an office at the corner of Bromfield and Tremont Streets.Boston Directory 1852 In 1855 ...
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Lard
Lard is a Quasi-solid, semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering (animal products), rendering the adipose tissue, fatty tissue of a domestic pig, pig.Lard
entry in the online ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Accessed on 2020-07-05.
It is distinguished from tallow, a similar product derived from fat of cattle or sheep. Lard can be rendered by steaming, boiling, or dry heat. The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat depending on the origin and processing method; if properly rendered, it may be nearly odorless and tasteless.E. S. Clifton, Joseph Kastelic, and Belle Lowe (1955): ''Relationships between Lard Production Methods, Volumes of Production, Costs and Characteristics of Lard Produced in Selected Packing Plants''. Research Bulletin 422, Iowa State College Experiment Station, US Department of Agriculture. ...
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Glaciarium Ice Rink
The Glaciarium located in London, England was the name of an early indoor artificial ice skating rink, and later the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink.Martin C. Harris, ''Homes of British Ice Hockey'' Indoor artificial ice rinks of Henry Kirk Henry Kirk used an artificial surface made from a mixture of pig lard, salt and copper sulphate to open a small rink (6 by 12 feet) in Dorset Square, Marylebone, in December 1841, and again in Regent's Park in July 1842. He then built the Glaciarium, which covered "a surface of 3,000 feet". Kirk's Glaciarium was decorated with scenery of the Alps The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. ... on the walls.
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Scottish English
Scottish English is the set of varieties of the English language spoken in Scotland. The transregional, standardised variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE). Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class n Scotlandand the accepted norm in schools". IETF language tag for "Scottish Standard English" is en-scotland. In addition to distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions, Scottish English has distinctive vocabulary, particularly pertaining to Scottish institutions such as the Church of Scotland, local government and the education and legal systems. Scottish Standard English is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum, with focused broad Scots at the other. Scottish English may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots.Stuart-Smith J. ''Scottish English: Phonology'' in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p. ...
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Tracks And Trails
Track or Tracks may refer to: Routes or imprints * Ancient trackway, any track or trail whose origin is lost in antiquity * Animal track, imprints left on surfaces that an animal walks across * Desire path, a line worn by people taking the shortest/most convenient route across fields, parks or woods * Forest track, a track (unpaved road) or trail through a forest * Fossil trackway, a type of trace fossil, usually preserving a line of animal footprints * Trackway, an ancient route of travel or track used by animals * Trail * Vineyard track, a land estate (defined by law) meant for the growing of vine grapes Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Tracks'' (1922 film), an American silent Western film * ''Tracks'' (1976 film), an American film starring Dennis Hopper * ''Tracks'' (2003 film), an animated short film * ''Tracks'' (2013 film), an Australian film starring Mia Wasikowska * ''The Track'' (film), a 1975 French thriller–drama film Literature * ''Tracks'' (novel), ...
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Crokicurl
Crokicurl is a Canadian winter sport invented by Liz Wreford and Leanne Muir of Public City Architecture in 2016 and first played in Winnipeg, Canada. The game is a large scale hybrid of curling and the board game Crokinole. The related game of crokinole is a game in which the players take turn to flick small discs on a circular board, to score highest depending on where the disc lands on the board where the regions are marked with score. Play and rules In crokicurl, rocks are used instead of discs and its rocks are roughly the size of a curling stone. The game uses junior curling stones which are 25 lbs instead of 38 - 44 lbs for regular curling stones. The game is played by teams consisting of two players, trying to score points by throwing the stones into the center of the ice where the circles are marked. The highest circle is marked with twenty points. Locations Crokicurl has spread from Winnipeg all across Canada to small towns and large cities. A list is included below. ...
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Ice Stock Sport
Bavarian curling or Icestock sport (from the German: ''"Eisstocksport"'', sometimes separated in English, i.e., "Ice stock sport") is a winter sport, somewhat similar to curling. In German, it is more commonly known as ''Eisstockschießen'' or simply ''Stockschießen'' among many other names. Although the sport is traditionally played on an ice surface, events are also held on tarmac in the summer. In such a case, it is often simply referred to as Stocksport. Competitors slide ice stocks over an ice surface, aiming for a target, or to cover the longest distance. Ice stocks have a gliding surface, to which a stick (ca 30 cm) is attached. The sport is mostly practised in southern Germany, Austria and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. Ice stock has been demonstrated at the Winter Olympic Games on two occasions. Ice stock is also an event in India's Khelo India Winter Games program. The most recent world championship for Ice stock has been the 2022 Ice stock sport ...
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Figure Skating
Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, with its introduction occurring at the Figure skating at the 1908 Summer Olympics, 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are Single skating, men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; the four individual disciplines are also combined into a team event, which was first included in the Winter Olympics in 2014 Winter Olympics, 2014. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Ice theatre, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (the Short program (figure skating), short program and the Free skating, free skate), which, depending on the discipline, may include figure skating spins, spins, figure skating jumps, jumps, moves in the field, Figure skating lifts, lifts, Figure skating jumps#Throw jump ...
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Speed Skating
Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long-track speed skating, short-track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body of competitive ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating". Long track speed skating takes place on a 400m ice track, while short track takes place on a 111m track. An international federation was founded in 1892, the first for any winter sport. The sport enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands, Norway and South Korea. There are top international rinks in a number of other countries, including Canada, the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Bel ...
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Moscow Broomball
Broomball is a both a recreational and organized competitive winter and ball sport played on ice or snow. It is played either indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate and location. It is most popularly played in Canada and the United States. Unlike most winter team sports played on ice, organized broomball does not use ice skates. Player footwear for formal play consists of shoes created specifically for broomball which are designed to improve a player's traction on the ice. Though the sport can be played outdoors on snow, organized broomball in the 21st century is primarily played on an ice hockey rink. Players hit a ball around the ice or snow with a stick. Regardless of whether the broomball stick used by players is a literal broom or a conventional broomball stick with a molded paddle-shaped end, the stick is simply called a "broom." The broom may have a wooden or aluminum shaft and has a rubber-molded triangular head similar in shape to that of a regular broom (or, ori ...
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