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Hypericum
''Hypericum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Hypericaceae (formerly considered a subfamily of Clusiaceae). The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. Many ''Hypericum'' species are regarded as invasive species and noxious weeds. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort, and some are known as goatweed. The white or pink flowered marsh St. John's worts of North America and eastern Asia are generally accepted as belonging to the separate genus ''Triadenum'' Raf. ''Hypericum'' is unusual for a genus of its size because a worldwide taxonomic monograph was produced for it by Norman Robson (botanist), Norman Robson (working at the Natural History Museum, London). Robson recognizes 36 sections within ''Hypericum''. Description ''Hypericum'' species are quite variable in habit, occurring as trees, shrubs, annuals, and perennials. Trees in the sense of single stem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Hypericum Species
The genus ''Hypericum'' contains approximately 500 species which are divided into 36 Section (botany), sections as described by botanist Norman Robson (botanist), Norman Robson. This division into distinct sections is largely due to the fact that a genus-wide monograph was performed by Robson in 1977, which allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the genus's taxonomy. A Phylogenetics, phylogenetic study was more recently completed for the genus, which gave evidence to suggest that the genus ''Triadenum'' is a clade within ''Hypericum'' and that the genus ''Thornea'' is sister to ''Hypericum''. In addition, the study found that about 60% of the sections of ''Hypericum'' are Monophyly, monophyletic. Almost all species of ''Hypericum'' are either Perennial plant, perennial herbs, shrubs, or Tree, small trees, but the genus also contains a small amount of subshrubs and Annual plant, annual herbs. Most of its species contain hypericin or hyperforin and some are used for their healing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericum Hidcoteense
''Hypericum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae (formerly considered a subfamily of Clusiaceae). The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. Many ''Hypericum'' species are regarded as invasive species and noxious weeds. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort, and some are known as goatweed. The white or pink flowered marsh St. John's worts of North America and eastern Asia are generally accepted as belonging to the separate genus '' Triadenum'' Raf. ''Hypericum'' is unusual for a genus of its size because a worldwide taxonomic monograph was produced for it by Norman Robson (working at the Natural History Museum, London). Robson recognizes 36 sections within ''Hypericum''. Description ''Hypericum'' species are quite variable in habit, occurring as trees, shrubs, annuals, and perennials. Trees in the sense of single stemmed woody plants are rare, as most woody s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericum Perforatum
''Hypericum perforatum'', commonly known as St. John's wort (sometimes perforate St. John's wort or common St. John's wort), is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is a hairless, Perennial, perennial herb with woody Root, roots, yellow Flower, flowers marked by black glands, and leaves that appear Perforation, perforated due to translucent glands, producing thousands of seeds per plant. ''H. perforatum'' is the type species of its genus, known for its historical use in folklore and traditional medicine. Probably a Hybrid (biology), hybrid between the closely related ''Hypericum attenuatum, H. attenuatum'' and ''Hypericum maculatum, H. maculatum'' (imperforate St. John's wort) that originated in Siberia, the species has Cosmopolitan distribution, spread worldwide. It can further hybridize with related species due to its Polyploidy, allopolyploid nature. It is native to much of Europe, West Asia, West and Central Asia, and parts of Africa and China and has been wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Robson (botanist)
Norman Keith Bonner Robson (1928 – 6 September 2021) was a Scientific Associate in the Plants Division, Department of Life Sciences at the Natural History Museum, London. He was a member of staff at the Museum from 1962 to 1988, retiring as Principal Scientific Officer with responsibility for General Herbarium Section I. Norman produced a worldwide taxonomic monograph of genus ''Hypericum'' between 1977 and 2012. Norman’s interest in ''Hypericum'' was stimulated by a final year project on the British species whilst at Aberdeen University. He continued work on the genus for his PhD at the University of Edinburgh (Robson, 1956) with a thesis entitled ‘Studies in the genus ''Hypericum'' L.’ that examined floral anatomy and evolution. At the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and subsequently at the Natural History Museum, Norman contributed accounts of Hypericum for Floras of various parts of the world. Roy Lancaster encouraged him to start work on a ''Hypericum'' monograph in the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triadenum
''Triadenum'', known as marsh St. John's worts, is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus is characterized by opposite, blunt-tipped leaves and pink flowers with 9 stamens. They are distributed in North America and eastern Asia. Acceptance of this genus is varied. Kew's Plants of the World Online and the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) treat it as a junior synonym of ''Hypericum'' and the ''Flora of North America'' and ''Flora of China The flora of China consists of a diverse range of plant species including over 39,000 vascular plants, 27,000 species of fungi and 3000 species of bryophytes.Wu, Z. Y., P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong, eds. 2006. Flora of China. Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Sci ...'' treat it as separate. The situation arises from B. R. Ruhfel et al. (2011)'s genetic study describing ''Triadenum'' as subsumed under ''Hypericum'' and later genetic results disagreeing with this assessment. Under ''Hypericum'', the species are mostly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericaceae
Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. '' Hypericum'' and '' Triadenum'' occur in temperate regions but other genera are mostly tropical. Characteristics Members of this family are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. The leaves are simple and entire, in opposite pairs; they are sometimes dotted with black or translucent glandular spots. The inflorescence consists of a branched, flat-topped cluster, each flower being radially symmetrical, with a superior ovary. Flowers have the following components: sepals, four or five, which tend to persist; petals four or five, usually yellow, sometimes dotted with black specks; stamens many, on long filaments; styles, three to five, often fused at the base. The fruit has a dehiscent capsule which splits open when ripe to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypericin
Hypericin is a carbopolycyclic compound derived from bisanthene with antidepressant properties, found in various ''Hypericum'' species, and is being studied for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Opinions differ on the extent to which hypericin exhibits antidepressant effects. According to some scholars, hypericin, along with other active compounds in ''Hypericum perforatum'' (St. John’s wort), contributes to the antidepressant effects of the total plant extract. According to others, hypericin does not significantly inhibit monoamine oxidase and thus is unlikely to account for the antidepressant effects of ''Hypericum'' extract. While another hypericin shows affinity mainly for NMDA receptors, suggesting that other plant constituents likely play a more significant role in its antidepressant effects. Hypericin is a structurally complex phenanthroperylene quinone with potential Evidence-based medicine, medical and photoreceptive applications. It is red-colored, photosensiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as . Linnaeus was the son of a curate and was born in Råshult, in the countryside of Småland, southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his ' in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monograph
A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published as a book, but it may be an artwork, audiovisual work, or exhibition made up of visual artworks. In library cataloguing, the word has a specific and broader meaning, while in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration uses the term to mean a set of published standards. Written works Academic works The English term ''monograph'' is derived from modern Latin , which has its root in Greek. In the English word, ''mono-'' means and ''-graph'' means . Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural History Museum, London
The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history. It is one of three major museums on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, the others being the Science Museum (London), Science Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum. The Natural History Museum's main frontage, however, is on Cromwell Road. The museum is home to life and earth science specimens comprising some 80 million items within five main collections: botany, entomology, mineralogy, palaeontology and zoology. The museum is a centre of research specialising in Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, identification and conservation. Given the age of the institution, many of the collections have great historical as well as scientific value, such as specimens collected by Charles Darwin. The museum is particularly famous for its exhibition of dinosaur skeletons and ornate architecture—sometimes dubbed a ''cathedral of nature''—both exemplified by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', 'Eos, Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
