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Human-biting Candiru
The "human-biting candiru" is an undescribed species of catfish belonging to the subfamily Vandelliinae, part of the pencil catfishes. It has not yet been described; a holotype has not yet been studied and compared by ichthyologists, so this species still lacks a scientific name. It was first recognized after one latched onto a boy's back, presumably as he was swimming, and the attempts to remove the fish from the boy's back were subsequently recorded. While feeding, the fish clamps onto its hosts using specialized teeth driven by powerful jaw muscles, and possibly supplemented by interopercular spines. After being forcibly removed, the injury bled profusely, and the shape of the wound was noted to be similar to those inflicted on the arteries of host fish by the closely related candiru ''Vandellia cirrhosa''. " Candiru" is a blanket term used to describe several species of Amazonian catfish; apart from the parasitic ''V. cirrhosa'' and the unnamed human-biting candiru, there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Biology, biological Kingdom (biology), kingdom Animalia (). With few exceptions, animals heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, have myocytes and are motility, able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Animals form a clade, meaning that they arose from a single common ancestor. Over 1.5 million extant taxon, living animal species have been species description, described, of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 85,000 are molluscs, and around 65,000 are vertebrates. It has been estimated there are as many as 7.77 million animal species on Earth. Animal body lengths range from to . They have complex ecologies and biological interaction, interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaw Muscles
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role). Structure The muscles are: * The masseter (composed of the superficial and deep head) * The temporalis (the sphenomandibularis is considered a part of the temporalis by some sources, and a distinct muscle by others) * The medial pterygoid * The lateral pterygoid In humans, the mandible, or lower jaw, is connected to the temporal bone of the skull via the temporomandibular joint. This is an extremely complex joint which permits movement in all planes. The muscles of mastication originate on the skull and insert into the mandible, thereby allowing for jaw movements during contraction. Each of these primary muscles of mastication is paired, with each side of the mandible posses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetopsis Coecutiens
''Cetopsis coecutiens'', the ''candiru-açú'', ''piracatinga'', ''bagre ciego'' (Literal translation, lit. blind catfish), or the blue whale catfish, is a species of catfish found throughout the Amazon basin in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. The fish was first described by Hinrich Lichtenstein in 1819, who named it for its resemblance to certain cetaceans. ''C. coecutiens'' is one of the largest species of "candiru" catfish. While these catfish are reported to grow to a size of , some specimens greater than have been caught in the wild. ''Cetopsis coecutiens'', like its Sister group, sister species ''Cetopsis candiru, C. candiru'', is a carnivorous fish and commonly described as a voracious feeder, making use of powerful jaw musculature and a nearly continuous cutting surface of the incisiform dentition. The distributions of both species overlap and both ''Cetopisis'' species are known to simultaneously feed on the same Carrion, bodies. They do however differ in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetopsis Candiru
''Cetopsis candiru'', also known as candiru, candiru açú, candiru cobra or canero, is a carnivorous species of whale catfish found in the Amazon basin of Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. Similar to ''Cetopsis coecutiens'', ''Cetopsis candiru'' is a large species of the genus ''Cetopsis'' and a widespread scavenger, known for its voracious feeding and the habit of burrowing into the carcasses of dead animals and humans. Despite its name, it is not closely related to the bloodsucking Candiru (''Vandellia cirrhosa''). Names They are known by multiple names across their range. In Bolivia they are called "Canero" or just "Candiru". The term "Canero" is also used in Peru. Candiru açú is also used on occasion, however according to some researchers this name is primarily used for other species of the genus ''Cetopsis'' including ''C. coecutiens'' and ''C. gobioides''. Alternatively the name "candiru cobra" is also used. The name Candiru is shared by ''Vandellia cirrhosa'', a parasitic ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrion
Carrion (), also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, humans, hawks, eagles, hyenas, Virginia opossum, Tasmanian devils, coyotes and Komodo dragons. Many invertebrates, such as the Silphidae, carrion and burying beetles, as well as maggots of Calliphoridae, calliphorid flies (such as one of the most important species in ''Calliphora vomitoria'') and Flesh-fly, flesh-flies, also eat carrion, playing an important role in recycling nitrogen and carbon in animal remains. Carrion begins to decay at the moment of the animal's death, and it will increasingly attract insects and breed bacteria. Not long after the animal has died, its body will begin to exude a foul odor caused by the presence of bacteria and the emission of cadaverine and putrescine. Carrion can harbor many infectious and diseas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scavenger
Scavengers are animals that consume Corpse decomposition, dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a herbivorous feeding behavior. Scavengers play an important role in the ecosystem by consuming dead animal and plant material. Decomposer, ''Decomposers'' and detritivores complete this process, by consuming the remains left by scavengers. Scavengers aid in overcoming fluctuations of food resources in the environment. The process and rate of scavenging is affected by both Biotic component, biotic and Abiotic component, abiotic factors, such as carcass size, habitat, temperature, and seasons. Etymology Scavenger is an alteration of ''scavager,'' from Middle English ''skawager'' meaning "customs collector", from ''skawage'' meaning "customs", from Old North French ''escauwage'' meaning "inspection", from ''schauwer'' meaning "to inspect", of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetopsis
''Cetopsis'' is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Cetopsidae. Taxonomy ''Cetopsis'' is one of four genera in the subfamily Cetopsinae within the family Cetopsidae. ''Cetopsis'' is greatly expanded from when it only included ''C. coecutiens''. A number of genera were synonymized with ''Cetopsis'' to retain monophyly of cetopsine genera without erecting many new ones. Information on some species is limited due to lack of specimens. ''C. caiapo'', ''C. jurubidae'', ''C. sarcodes'', and ''C. umbrosa'' are only known from a single specimen each, ''C. starnesi'' is only known from two specimens, ''C. parma'' is only known from four, and ''C. sandrae'' from only six specimens. Distribution ''Cetopsis'' species are found in major freshwater rivers draining to the east and west of South America, including the Amazon, Atrato, Madeira, Magdalena, Orinoco, Tocantins, and other rivers in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Description ''Cetopsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pareiodon Microps
''Pareiodon microps'' is a species of catfish (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only species of the genus ''Pareiodon''. It is endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Amazon Basin. Like its stegophiline relatives, they possess a sucking, disk-like mouth, along with inter- and opercular spines which facilitates adhesion to its food items, though this species is a scavenger, unlike its ectoparasitic relatives. During feeding events involving vertebrate carcasses, ''P. microps'' may be associated with other species of scavengers; the whale candirus, ''Cetopsis candiru ''Cetopsis candiru'', also known as candiru, candiru açú, candiru cobra or canero, is a carnivorous species of whale catfish found in the Amazon basin of Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. Similar to ''Cetopsis coecutiens'', ''Cetopsis candiru'' is a ...'' and '' Ce. coecutiens'', are not closely related to ''P. microps'' despite also being considered "candiru"; the vulture catfish '' Calop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazon Basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributary, tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela, as well as the territory of French Guiana. Most of the basin is covered by the Amazon rainforest, also known as Amazon rainforest, Amazonia. With a area of dense tropical forest, it is the largest rainforest in the world. Geography The Amazon River begins in the Andes, Andes Mountains at the west of the basin with its main tributary the Marañón River and Apurímac River, Apurimac River in Peru. The highest point in the Drainage divide, watershed of the Amazon is the second biggest peak of Yerupajá at . The Amazon River Basin occupies the entire central and eastern area of South America, lying to the east of the Andes mountain range and extending from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blanket Term
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (''hypernym'') and a more specific term (''hyponym''). The hypernym is also called a ''supertype'', ''umbrella term'', or ''blanket term''. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym. The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen". A core concept of hyponymy is ''type of'', whereas ''instance of'' is differentiable. For example, for the noun "city", a hyponym (naming a type of city) is "capital city" or "capital", whereas "Paris" and "London" are instances of a city, not types of city. Discussion In linguistics, semantics, general semantics, and ontologies, hyponymy () shows the relationship between a generic term (hypernym) and a specific instance of it (hyponym). A hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic field is more sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candiru (fish)
Candiru (''Vandellia cirrhosa''), also known as cañero, toothpick fish, or vampire fish, is a species of parasitic freshwater catfish in the family Trichomycteridae native to the Amazon basin where it is found in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The name "candiru" is also used to refer to the entire genus '' Vandellia''. This species is known for an alleged tendency to invade and parasitize the human urethra and other bodily openings; however, despite ethnological reports dating back to the late 19th century, the first documented case of the removal of a candiru from a human urethra did not occur until 1997, and even that incident has remained a matter of controversy. Description ''Vandellia cirrhosa'' is a small, freshwater catfish. Members of the genus ''Vandellia'' can reach up to in standard length, but some others can grow to around . The fish has an elongated body with an anterior dorsal fin and pelvic fin, and an anal fin slightly larger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
