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Hukou
''Hukou'' ( zh, c=户口, l=household individual) is a system of household registration used in the People's Republic of China. The system itself is more properly called ''huji'' ( zh, c=户籍, l=household origin), and has origins in History of China, ancient China; ''hukou'' is the registration of an individual in the system. A household registration record officially identifies a person as a permanent resident of an area and includes identifying information such as name, parents, spouse and date of birth. A ''hukou'' can also refer to a family register in many contexts since the household register ( zh, s=户口簿, t=戶口簿, p=hùkǒu bù) is issued per family, and usually includes the births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and moves, of all members in the family. The system descends in part from ancient Chinese household registration systems. The hukou system also influenced similar systems within the public administration structures of neighboring East Asian countries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Household Registration
Civil registration is the system by which a government records the vital events (births, marriages, and deaths) of its citizens and residents. The resulting repository or database has different names in different countries and even in different subnational jurisdictions. It can be called a civil registry, civil register (but this is also an official term for an individual file of a vital event), vital records, and other terms, and the office responsible for receiving the registrations can be called a bureau of vital statistics, registry of vital records and statistics, registrar, registry, register, registry office (officially register office), or population registry. The primary purpose of civil registration is to create a legal document (usually called a ''certificate'') that can be used to establish and protect the rights of individuals. A secondary purpose is to create a data source for the compilation of vital statistics. The United Nations General Assembly in 1979 adop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koseki
A or family register is a Japanese family register, family registry. Japanese law requires all Japanese households to make notifications of their vital records (such as births, adoptions, deaths, marriages and divorces) to their local Municipalities of Japan, municipal authority. Domestic aspects such as marriages, divorces, Paternity (law), acknowledgements of paternity of non-marital children, and adoptions, are only legitimized if they are recorded on the ''koseki''. Births and deaths become legally effective as they happen, but such events must be filed by family members or other persons as allowed by law. ''Koseki'' registration is required by all Japanese citizens, and possessing one is definitive proof of Japanese nationality law, Japanese nationality, unless a Renunciation of citizenship, renunciation application is made, which is subsequently recorded on the ''koseki'' for reference. Along with the ''koseki'' registration, Japanese citizens are individually required t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propiska In The Soviet Union
A propiska ( rus, пропи́ска, p=prɐˈpʲiskə, a=Ru-прописка.ogg, plural: ''propiski'') was both a written residency permit and a internal migration, migration-recording tool, used in the Russian Empire before 1917 and in the Soviet Union from 1932 until 1991. The USSR had both permanent ( or ) and temporary () propiskas. In the transition period to a market economy in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the ''permanent propiska'' in municipal apartments was a factor that allowed dwellers to obtain Private property rights, private-property rights on the living space they were "inscripted" in during Privatization in Russia, privatization (those who built housing at their own expense obtained a ''permanent propiska'' there by definition). Etymology Originally, the noun ''propiska'' meant the clerical procedure of ''registration'', of enrolling the person (writing his or her name) into the police records of the local population (or wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of China
The People's Republic of China is a Developing country, developing Mixed economy, mixed socialist market economy, incorporating Industrial policy, industrial policies and strategic Five-year plans of China, five-year plans. —Xu, Chenggang. "The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 4, American Economic Association, 2011, pp. 1076–151, . —Nee, Victor, and Sonja Opper. "Political Capital in a Market Economy." Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 5, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 2105–32, . —Shue Tuck Wong & Sun Sheng Han (1998) Whither China's Market Economy? The Case of Lijin Zhen, Geographical Review, 88:1, 29–46, —Gregory C. Chow (2005) The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 3:3, 193–203, —HUA, HUANG. "The Market Economy in China." Security Dialogue, vol. 24, no. 2, SAGE Publications, Ltd., 1993, pp. 175–79, . —Chow, Gregory C. "Devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hộ Khẩu
The hộ khẩu is a family register and residence registration system in Vietnam. ''Hộ'' (戶) is the Sino-Vietnamese word for "household," and ''khẩu'' (口) is the word "mouth", hộ khẩu itself meaning "household member." The local authority issues to each household a "household registration book" or ''sổ hộ khẩu'', in which the basic biographical information of each household member is recorded. The ''sổ hộ khẩu'' is the ultimate legal proof of residence in Vietnam. Together with the "citizen identification card" or ''giấy chứng minh nhân dân/căn cước công dân'', the ''sổ hộ khẩu'' constitutes the most important legal identification document in Vietnam. Background Modeled after the Chinese ''hukou'' system and originally used in urban areas only, ''hộ khẩu'' functioned as a way to manage urban growth and limit how many people moved, as well as who moved in and out of the cities.Hardy, Andrew. "Rules and Resources: Negotiating the Househo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Book Of Lord Shang
The ''Book of Lord Shang'' () is an ancient Chinese text from the 3rd century BC, regarded as a foundational work of " Chinese Legalism". The earliest surviving of such texts (the second being the ''Han Feizi''), it is named for and to some extent attributed to major Qin reformer Shang Yang, who served as minister to Duke Xiao of Qin (r. 361338 BC) from 359 BC until his death in 338 BC and is generally considered to be the father of that state's "legalism". The ''Book of Lord Shang'' includes a large number of ordinances, essays, and courtly petitions attributed to Shang Yang, as well as discourses delivered at the Qin court. The book focuses mainly on maintaining societal order through a system of impartial laws that strictly mete out rewards and punishments for citizens' actions. The first chapters advise promoting agriculture and suppressing other low-priority secondary activities, as well as encouraging martial virtues for use in creating and maintaining a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Zhou
The Western Zhou ( zh, c=西周, p=Xīzhōu; 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended in 771 BC when Quanrong pastoralists sacked the Zhou capital at Haojing and killed King You of Zhou. The "Western" label for the period refers to the location of the Zhou royal capitals, which were clustered in the Wei River valley near present-day Xi'an. The early Zhou state was ascendant for about 75 years; thereafter, it gradually lost power. The former lands of the Shang were divided into Ancient Chinese states, hereditary fiefs that became increasingly independent of the Zhou king over time. The Zhou court was driven out of the Wei River valley in 771 BC: this marked the beginning of the Eastern Zhou period, wherein political power was wielded in actuality by the king's nominal vassals. Sources The Western Zhou are known from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qi (state)
Qi, or Ch'i in Wade–Giles romanization, was a ancient Chinese state, regional state of the Zhou dynasty in History of China#Ancient China, ancient China, whose rulers held Zhou dynasty nobility, titles of ''Hou'' (), then ''Gong (title), Gong''Gong (title), （公）, before declaring themselves independent Kings （王）. Its capital was Ancient Linzi, Linzi, located in present-day Shandong. Qi was founded shortly after the Zhou Battle of Muye, conquest of Shang dynasty, Shang, . Its first monarch was Jiang Ziya (Lord Tai; 1046–1015 BCE ), chancellor (China), minister of King Wen of Zhou, King Wen and a Chinese legend, legendary figure in Chinese culture. His Chinese surname#Xing, family ruled Qi for several centuries before it was Usurpation of Qi by Tian, replaced by the Tian family in 386BCE. Qi was the final surviving state to be annexed by state of Qin, Qin during its Qin's wars of unification, unification of China. History Foundation During the Zhou dynasty, Zh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guan Zhong
Guan Zhong (; c. 720–645 BC) was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He served as chancellor and was a reformer of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. His given name was Yiwu (). ''Zhong'' was his courtesy name. He is mainly remembered for his reforms as chancellor under Duke Huan of Qi, as well as his friendship with his colleague Bao Shuya, though his reputation remained controversial among the Confucians, as detailed in the appraisal section. Through Guan Zhong's reforms and skilful diplomacy Qi became the most powerful of the feudal states and Duke Huan became the first of the Five Hegemons. Though knowledge of his reforms is limited, in particular he instituted a famous fiscal policy known as "balancing the light and the heavy", associated with salt and iron monopolies. Otherwise a diverse work, the Guanzi compilation making use of his name makes similar such recommendations. Life Youth and friendship with Bao Shuya Guan Zhong, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
