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Graphics Pipeline
The computer graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline, or graphics pipeline, is a framework within computer graphics that outlines the necessary procedures for transforming a three-dimensional (3D) scene into a two-dimensional (2D) representation on a screen. Once a 3D model is generated, the graphics pipeline converts the model into a visually perceivable format on the computer display. Due to the dependence on specific software, hardware configurations, and desired display attributes, a universally applicable graphics pipeline does not exist. Nevertheless, graphics application programming interfaces (APIs), such as Direct3D, OpenGL and Vulkan were developed to standardize common procedures and oversee the graphics pipeline of a given hardware accelerator. These APIs provide an abstraction layer over the underlying hardware, relieving programmers from the need to write code explicitly targeting various graphics hardware accelerators like AMD, Intel, Nvidia, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Computer Graphics
Computer graphics deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers. Computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film, video games, digital art, cell phone and computer displays, and many specialized applications. A great deal of specialized hardware and software has been developed, with the displays of most devices being driven by graphics hardware, computer graphics hardware. It is a vast and recently developed area of computer science. The phrase was coined in 1960 by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing. It is often abbreviated as CG, or typically in the context of film as Computer-generated imagery, computer generated imagery (CGI). The non-artistic aspects of computer graphics are the subject of Computer graphics (computer science), computer science research. Some topics in computer graphics include user interface design, Sprite (computer graphics), sprite graphics, raster graphics, Rendering (computer graph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Computer Graphics Lighting
Computer graphics lighting encompasses the range of techniques used to simulate light within computer graphics. These methods vary in computational complexity, offering artists flexibility in both visual detail and performance. Graphics professionals can select from a wide array of light sources, lighting models, shading techniques, and effects to meet the specific requirements of each project. Light sources Light sources allow for different ways to introduce light into graphics scenes. Point Point sources emit light from a single point in all directions, with the intensity of the light decreasing with distance. An example of a point source is a standalone light bulb. Directional A directional source (or distant source) uniformly lights a scene from one direction. Unlike a point source, the intensity of light produced by a directional source does not change with distance over the scale of the scene, as the directional source is treated as though it is extremely far away. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Triangle Primitives
Computer graphics deals with generating images and art with the aid of computers. Computer graphics is a core technology in digital photography, film, video games, digital art, cell phone and computer displays, and many specialized applications. A great deal of specialized hardware and software has been developed, with the displays of most devices being driven by computer graphics hardware. It is a vast and recently developed area of computer science. The phrase was coined in 1960 by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing. It is often abbreviated as CG, or typically in the context of film as computer generated imagery (CGI). The non-artistic aspects of computer graphics are the subject of computer science research. Some topics in computer graphics include user interface design, sprite graphics, raster graphics, rendering, ray tracing, geometry processing, computer animation, vector graphics, 3D modeling, shaders, GPU design, implicit surfaces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Point Cloud
A point cloud is a discrete set of data Point (geometry), points in space. The points may represent a 3D shape or object. Each point Position (geometry), position has its set of Cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z). Points may contain data other than position such as RGB color spaces, RGB colors, Normal (geometry), normals, Timestamp, timestamps and others. Point clouds are generally produced by 3D scanners or by photogrammetry software, which measure many points on the external surfaces of objects around them. As the output of 3D scanning processes, point clouds are used for many purposes, including to create 3D computer-aided design (CAD) or geographic information systems (GIS) models for manufactured parts, for metrology and quality inspection, and for a multitude of visualizing, animating, rendering, and mass customization applications. Alignment and registration When scanning a scene in real world using Lidar, the captured point clouds contain snippets of the scene, which requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Geometry Pipeline En
Geometry (; ) is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. Geometry is, along with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a '' geometer''. Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as fundamental concepts. Originally developed to model the physical world, geometry has applications in almost all sciences, and also in art, architecture, and other activities that are related to graphics. Geometry also has applications in areas of mathematics that are apparently unrelated. For example, methods of algebraic geometry are fundamental in Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem that was stated in terms of elementary arithmetic, and remained unsolved for several centuries. During t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Vertex Pipeline
The function of the vertex pipeline in any GPU is to take geometry data (usually supplied as vector points), work with it if needed with either fixed function processes (earlier DirectX), or a vertex shader program (later DirectX), and create all of the 3D data points in a scene to a 2D plane for display on a computer monitor Monitor or monitor may refer to: Places * Monitor, Alberta * Monitor, Indiana, town in the United States * Monitor, Kentucky * Monitor, Oregon, unincorporated community in the United States * Monitor, Washington * Monitor, Logan County, Wes .... It is possible to eliminate unneeded data from going through the rendering pipeline to cut out extraneous work (called view volume clipping and backface culling). After the vertex engine is done working with the geometry, all the 2D calculated data is sent to the pixel engine for further processing such as texturing and fragment shading. As of DirectX 9c, the vertex processor is able to do the following by p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Vertex (computer Graphics)
A vertex (plural vertices) in computer graphics is a data structure that describes certain attributes, like the position of a point in 2D or 3D space, or multiple points on a Computer representation of surfaces, surface. Application to 3D models 3D models are most often represented as triangulated Polyhedron, polyhedra forming a triangle mesh. Non-triangular surfaces can be converted to an array of triangles through Tessellation (computer graphics), tessellation. Attributes from the vertices are typically interpolated across mesh surfaces. Vertex attributes The vertices of triangles are associated not only with spatial position but also with other values used to rendering (computer graphics), render the object correctly. Most attributes of a vertex represent vectors in the space to be Rendering (computer graphics), rendered. These vectors are typically 1 (''x''), 2 (''x, y''), or 3 (''x, y, z'') dimensional and can include a fourth Homogeneous coordinates, homogeneous coordina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Polygon
In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure made up of line segments connected to form a closed polygonal chain. The segments of a closed polygonal chain are called its '' edges'' or ''sides''. The points where two edges meet are the polygon's '' vertices'' or ''corners''. An ''n''-gon is a polygon with ''n'' sides; for example, a triangle is a 3-gon. A simple polygon is one which does not intersect itself. More precisely, the only allowed intersections among the line segments that make up the polygon are the shared endpoints of consecutive segments in the polygonal chain. A simple polygon is the boundary of a region of the plane that is called a ''solid polygon''. The interior of a solid polygon is its ''body'', also known as a ''polygonal region'' or ''polygonal area''. In contexts where one is concerned only with simple and solid polygons, a ''polygon'' may refer only to a simple polygon or to a solid polygon. A polygonal chain may cross over itself, creating star polyg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Geometry Pipeline
Geometric manipulation of modelling primitives, such as that performed by a geometry pipeline, is the first stage in computer graphics systems which perform image generation based on geometric models. While geometry pipelines were originally implemented in software, they have become highly amenable to hardware implementation, particularly since the advent of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) in the early 1980s. A device called the Geometry Engine developed by Jim Clark and Marc Hannah at Stanford University in about 1981 was the watershed for what has since become an increasingly commoditized function in contemporary image-synthetic raster display systems. Geometric transformations are applied to the vertices of polygons, or other geometric objects used as modelling primitives, as part of the first stage in a classical geometry-based graphic image rendering pipeline. Geometric computations may also be applied to transform polygon or repair surface normals, and then to perf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Octree
An octree is a tree data structure in which each internal node has exactly eight child node, children. Octrees are most often used to partition a three-dimensional space by recursive subdivision, recursively subdividing it into eight Octant (geometry), octants. Octrees are the three-dimensional analog of quadtrees. The word is derived from ''oct'' (Greek root meaning "eight") + ''tree''. Octrees are often used in 3D graphics and 3D game engines. For spatial representation Each node in an octree subdivides the space it represents into eight octant (solid geometry), octants. In a point region (PR) octree (analogous to a point quadtree), the node stores an explicit Point (geometry), three-dimensional point, which is the "center" of the subdivision for that node; the point defines one of the corners for each of the eight children. In a matrix-based (MX) octree (analogous to a region quadtree), the subdivision point is implicitly the center of the space the node represents. The root n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Quadtree
A quadtree is a tree data structure in which each internal node has exactly four children. Quadtrees are the two-dimensional analog of octrees and are most often used to partition a two-dimensional space by recursively subdividing it into four quadrants or regions. The data associated with a leaf cell varies by application, but the leaf cell represents a "unit of interesting spatial information". The subdivided regions may be square or rectangular, or may have arbitrary shapes. This data structure was named a quadtree by Raphael Finkel and J.L. Bentley in 1974. A similar partitioning is also known as a ''Q-tree''. All forms of quadtrees share some common features: * They decompose space into adaptable cells. * Each cell (or bucket) has a maximum capacity. When maximum capacity is reached, the bucket splits. * The tree directory follows the spatial decomposition of the quadtree. A tree-pyramid (T-pyramid) is a "complete" tree; every node of the T-pyramid has four child nodes e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Collision Detection
Collision detection is the computational problem of detecting an intersection of two or more objects in virtual space. More precisely, it deals with the questions of ''if'', ''when'' and ''where'' two or more objects intersect. Collision detection is a classic problem of computational geometry with applications in computer graphics, physical simulation, video games, robotics (including autonomous driving) and computational physics. Collision detection algorithms can be divided into operating on 2D or 3D spatial objects. Overview Collision detection is closely linked to calculating the distance between objects, as two objects (or more) intersect when the distance between them reaches zero or even becomes negative. Negative distance indicates that one object has penetrated another. Performing collision detection requires more context than just the distance between the objects. Accurately identifying the points of contact on both objects' surfaces is also essential for the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |