|
Gnathostomiasis
Gnathostomiasis (also known as larva migrans profundus) is the human infection caused by the nematode (roundworm) ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' and/or '' Gnathostoma hispidum'', which infects vertebrates. Symptoms and signs A few days after ingestion epigastric pain, fever, vomiting, and loss of appetite resulting from migration of larvae through intestinal wall to the abdominal cavity will appear in the patient. Migration in the subcutaneous tissues (under the skin) causes intermittent, migratory, painful, pruritic swellings (cutaneous larva migrans). Patches of edema appear after the above symptoms clear and are usually found on the abdomen. These lesions vary in size and can be accompanied by pruritus (itchy anus), rash, and stabbing pain. Swellings may last for 1 to 4 weeks in a given area and then reappear in a different location. Migration to other tissues (visceral larva migrans), can result in cough, hematuria (blood in urine), ocular ( eye) involvement, meningitis, encephalit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnathostoma Spinigerum
''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' is a parasitic nematode that causes gnathostomiasis in humans, also known as its clinical manifestations are '' creeping eruption'', ''larva migrans'', ''Yangtze edema'', ''Choko-Fuschu Tua chid'' and ''wandering swelling''. Gnathostomiasis in animals can be serious, and even fatal. The first described case of gnathostomiasis was in a young tiger that died in the London Zoo in 1835. The larval nematode is acquired by eating raw or undercooked fish and meat. ''G. spinigerum'' has a multi-host life history. The eggs hatch in fresh water and the larvae are eaten by water fleas of the genus '' Cyclops''. The water fleas are in turn eaten by small fish. Eventually, the larvae end up in the stomachs of carnivores, usually cats and dogs. The larva bores through the stomach wall and migrates around in the host's body for about three months before returning to the stomach and attaching itself in the gastric mucosa. It then takes another six months to mature. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnathostoma LifeCycle Lg
''Gnathostoma'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The species ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' and '' Gnathostoma hispidum'' can cause gnathostomiasis. Neurognathostomiasis occurs in the USA. ''Gnathostoma binucleatum'' (which is native to the Americas) has not been previously reported to cause neurognathostomiasis, suggesting that ''G. spinigerum'' has been introduced to the Americas, but a survey of isolates has not confirmed this. Species * '' Gnathostoma binucleatum'' (Almeyda-. Artigas, 1991) * '' Gnathostoma doloresi'' * '' Gnathostoma hispidum'' (Fedtschenko, 1872) * '' Gnathostoma lamothei'' * '' Gnathostoma malaysiae'' (Miyazaki & Dunn, 1965) * '' Gnathostoma nipponicum'' * ''Gnathostoma spinigerum ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' is a parasitic nematode that causes gnathostomiasis in humans, also known as its clinical manifestations are '' creeping eruption'', ''larva migrans'', ''Yangtze edema'', ''Choko-Fuschu Tua chid'' and ''wandering swell ...'' Levinsen, 1889 * '' G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnathostoma
''Gnathostoma'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The species ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' and '' Gnathostoma hispidum'' can cause gnathostomiasis. Neurognathostomiasis occurs in the USA. ''Gnathostoma binucleatum'' (which is native to the Americas) has not been previously reported to cause neurognathostomiasis, suggesting that ''G. spinigerum'' has been introduced to the Americas, but a survey of isolates has not confirmed this. Species * '' Gnathostoma binucleatum'' (Almeyda-. Artigas, 1991) * '' Gnathostoma doloresi'' * '' Gnathostoma hispidum'' (Fedtschenko, 1872) * '' Gnathostoma lamothei'' * '' Gnathostoma malaysiae'' (Miyazaki & Dunn, 1965) * '' Gnathostoma nipponicum'' * ''Gnathostoma spinigerum ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' is a parasitic nematode that causes gnathostomiasis in humans, also known as its clinical manifestations are '' creeping eruption'', ''larva migrans'', ''Yangtze edema'', ''Choko-Fuschu Tua chid'' and ''wandering swelli ...'' Levinsen, 1889 * '' G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnathostoma Hispidum
''Gnathostoma'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The species ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' and '' Gnathostoma hispidum'' can cause gnathostomiasis. Neurognathostomiasis occurs in the USA. ''Gnathostoma binucleatum'' (which is native to the Americas) has not been previously reported to cause neurognathostomiasis, suggesting that ''G. spinigerum'' has been introduced to the Americas, but a survey of isolates has not confirmed this. Species * '' Gnathostoma binucleatum'' (Almeyda-. Artigas, 1991) * '' Gnathostoma doloresi'' * '' Gnathostoma hispidum'' (Fedtschenko, 1872) * '' Gnathostoma lamothei'' * '' Gnathostoma malaysiae'' (Miyazaki & Dunn, 1965) * '' Gnathostoma nipponicum'' * ''Gnathostoma spinigerum ''Gnathostoma spinigerum'' is a parasitic nematode that causes gnathostomiasis in humans, also known as its clinical manifestations are '' creeping eruption'', ''larva migrans'', ''Yangtze edema'', ''Choko-Fuschu Tua chid'' and ''wandering swell ...'' Levinsen, 1889 * '' G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cough
A cough is a sudden expulsion of air through the large breathing passages that can help clear them of fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes. As a protective reflex, coughing can be repetitive with the cough reflex following three phases: an inhalation, a forced exhalation against a closed glottis, and a violent release of air from the lungs following opening of the glottis, usually accompanied by a distinctive sound. Frequent coughing usually indicates the presence of a disease. Many viruses and bacteria benefit, from an evolutionary perspective, by causing the host to cough, which helps to spread the disease to new hosts. Most of the time, irregular coughing is caused by a respiratory tract infection but can also be triggered by choking, smoking, air pollution, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, post-nasal drip, chronic bronchitis, lung tumors, heart failure and medications such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). Treatment sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poultry
Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word ''poule'', itself derived from the Latin word ''pullus'', which means "small animal". Recent genomic study involving the four extant Junglefowl species reveals that the domestication of chicken, the most populous poultry species, occurred around 8,000 years ago in Southeast Asia - although this was previously believed to have occurred later - around 5,400 years ago - in Southeast Asia. The process may have originally occurred as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with around 99% of those being teleosts. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Nervous System
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts. It is a structure composed of nervous tissue positioned along the rostral (nose end) to caudal (tail end) axis of the body and may have an enlarged section at the rostral end which is a brain. Only arthropods, cephalopods and vertebrates have a true brain (precursor structures exist in onychophorans, gastropods and lancelets). The rest of this article exclusively discusses the vertebrate central nervous system, which is radically distinct from all other animals. Overview In vertebrates, the brain and spinal cord are both enclosed in the meninges. The meninges provide a barrier to chemicals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eosinophilic Myeloencephalitis
Eosinophilic (Greek suffix -phil-, meaning ''loves eosin'') is the staining of tissues, cells, or organelles after they have been washed with eosin, a dye. Eosin is an acidic dye for staining cell cytoplasm, collagen, and muscle fibers. ''Eosinophilic'' describes the appearance of cells and structures seen in histological sections that take up the staining dye eosin. Such eosinophilic structures are, in general, composed of protein. Eosin is usually combined with a stain called hematoxylin to produce a hematoxylin- and eosin-stained section (also called an H&E stain, HE or H+E section). It is the most widely used histological stain for a medical diagnosis. When a pathologist examines a biopsy of a suspected cancer, they will stain the biopsy with H&E. Some structures seen inside cells are described as being eosinophilic; for example, Lewy and Mallory bodies. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eosinophilia
Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds . Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 1.5 x 109/ L (i.e. 1,500/ μL). The hypereosinophilic syndrome is a sustained elevation in this count above 1.5 x 109/L (i.e. 1,500/μL) that is also associated with evidence of eosinophil-based tissue injury. Eosinophils usually account for less than 7% of the circulating leukocytes. A marked increase in non-blood tissue eosinophil count noticed upon histopathologic examination is diagnostic for tissue eosinophilia. Several causes are known, with the most common being some form of allergic reaction or parasitic infection. Diagnosis of eosinophilia is via a complete blood count (CBC), but diagnostic procedures directed at the underlying cause vary depending on the suspected condition(s). An absolute eosinophil count is not generally needed if the CBC shows marked eosinophilia. The location of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. The severity can be variable with symptoms including reduction or alteration in consciousness, headache, fever, confusion, a stiff neck, and vomiting. Complications may include seizures, hallucinations, trouble speaking, memory problems, and problems with hearing. Causes of encephalitis include viruses such as herpes simplex virus and rabies virus as well as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Other causes include autoimmune diseases and certain medications. In many cases the cause remains unknown. Risk factors include a weak immune system. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by blood tests, medical imaging, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Certain types are preventable with vaccines. Treatment may include antiviral medications (such as acyclovir), anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids. Treatment generally takes place in hospital. Some people require artificial respiration. Once the immediate problem is under co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
