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Gymnodinioid
The Gymnodiniales are an order of dinoflagellates, of the class Dinophyceae. Members of the order are known as gymnodinioid or gymnodinoid (terms that can also refer to any organism of similar morphology). They are athecate, or lacking an armored exterior, and as a result are relatively difficult to study because specimens are easily damaged. Many species are part of the marine plankton and are of interest primarily due to being found in algal blooms. As a group the gymnodinioids have been described as "likely one of the least known groups of the open ocean phytoplankton." Of the families in the order, the Polykrikaceae and Warnowiaceae are well known for possessing exceptionally complex assemblies of organelles, such as nematocysts, trichocysts, and pistons. The Warnowiaceae uniquely possess an ocelloid, an extremely complex light-sensitive subcellular structure composed of mitochondria and plastid The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karenia Brevis
''Karenia brevis'' is a microscopic, single-celled, photosynthetic organism in the genus '' Karenia''. It is a marine dinoflagellate commonly found in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. It is the organism responsible for the "Florida red tides" that affect the Gulf coasts of Florida and Texas in the U.S., and nearby coasts of Mexico. ''K. brevis'' has been known to travel great lengths around the Florida peninsula and as far north as the Carolinas. Each cell has two flagella that allow it to move through the water in a spinning motion. ''K. brevis'' is unarmored, and does not contain peridinin. Cells are between 20 and 40 μm in diameter. ''K. brevis'' naturally produces a suite of potent neurotoxins collectively called brevetoxins, which cause gastrointestinal and neurological problems in other organisms and are responsible for large die-offs of marine organisms and seabirds. History ''Karenia brevis'' was named for Dr. Karen A. Steidinger in 2001, and was previously know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piston (subcellular Structure)
A piston (also known as a dart, prod, or tentacle) is a complex contractile organelle found in some dinoflagellates, namely the '' Erythropsidinium'' and '' Greuetodinium'' genera of the family Warnowiaceae. This group is also well known for possessing other unusually complex subcellular structures such as the ocelloid and nematocyst A cnidocyte (also known as a cnidoblast or nematocyte) is an explosive cell containing one large secretory organelle called a cnidocyst (also known as a cnida () or nematocyst) that can deliver a sting to other organisms. The presence of this c .... Observations of ''Erythropsidinium'' samples reveal that the length of the piston is highly variable across specimens. The piston is known to be capable of repetitive and dramatic contractile motion; although its function is unknown, roles in locomotion, prey capture, and defense have been suggested. References Organelles {{microbiology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrodinium Spirale
''Gyrodinium'' is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales within class Dinophyceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. World Register of Marine Species lists 141 species, with many synonyms. They are heterotrophic (cannot produce its own food) and feed on diatoms (such as '' Chaetoceros debilis'') that can be up to 12 times their length. They are 'naked' dinoflagellates, meaning they lack armor (or cellulosic plates). Species 54 species, as accepted by the GBIF: *''Gyrodinium aciculatum'' *''Gyrodinium ascendans'' *''Gyrodinium aureum'' *''Gyrodinium britannicum'' *''Gyrodinium calyptoglyphe'' *''Gyrodinium calyptroglyphe'' *'' Gyrodinium capsulatum'' *''Gyrodinium carteretensis'' *''Gyrodinium caudatum'' *''Gyrodinium citrinum'' *'' Gyrodinium cochlea'' *'' Gyrodinium complanatum'' *'' Gyrodinium corallinum'' *'' Gyrodinium crassum'' *'' Gyrodinium dominans'' *'' Gyrodinium estuariale'' *'' Gyrodinium falcatum'' *'' Gyrodinium ferrugin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnodiniaceae
Gymnodiniaceae is a family of dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales. Genera As accepted by GBIF; * ''Akashiwo'' G.Hansen & Moestrup (1) * '' Algidasphaeridium'' Matsuoka & Bujak, 1988 (3) * ''Amphidinium'' (1) * '' Apicoporus'' (1) * '' Barrufeta'' (1) * '' Bernardinium'' (4) * ''Cochlodinium'' (28) * '' Filodinium'' (1) * '' Gymnodinium'' (308) * '' Gyrodinium'' (55) * '' Lebouridinium'' (1) * ''Lepidodinium ''Lepidodinium'' is a genus of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Gymnodiniaceae Gymnodiniaceae is a family of dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales. Genera As accepted by GBIF; * '' Akashiwo'' G.Hansen & Moestrup (1) * ' ...'' (2) * '' Levanderina'' (1) * '' Nusuttodinium'' (5) * '' Pelagodinium'' (1) * '' Plectodinium'' (1) * '' Pseliodinium'' (1) * '' Schillingia'' (1) * '' Sclerodinium'' (2) * '' Spiniferodinium'' (2) * '' Togula'' (3) * '' Torodinium'' (2) The number in brackets is the assumed number of spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratoperidiniaeceae
''Ceratoperidiniaeceae'' is a family of unarmored dinoflagellates in the order Gymnodiniales, first described in 2013. The family is named for the first described species, ''Ceratoperidinium margalefii ''Ceratoperidinium margalefii'', also known as ''Ceratoperidinium yeye,'' is a species of dinoflagellates. This species has two flagella A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and f ...''. Members of the family were found to have morphological similarities, particularly the acrobase structure which was found to be common among the species included in the family. Member species possess chloroplasts. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q42266377 Taxa described in 2013 Gymnodiniales Dinoflagellate families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torodinium
''Torodinium'' (ˌtɔɹoʊˈdɪniəm) is a genus of unarmored dinoflagellates and comprises two species, ''Torodinium robustum'' and the type species ''Torodinium teredo''.Kofoid, C.A. and Swezy, O. 1921: The free-living unarmored dinoflagellate. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA The establishment of ''Torodinium'', as well as the characterization of the majority of its morphology, occurred in 1921 and further advances since have been slow. Lack of research is largely due to its extremely fragile and easily deformed nature, which also renders fossil records implausible. The genus was originally characterized by torsion of the sulcus and a posterior cingulum. Since then, new distinctive features have been discovered including an extremely reduced hyposome, a longitudinally ribbed episome, and a canal on the dextro-lateral side.Gómez, F., Takayama, H., Moreira, D., and López-García, P. 2016: Unarmoured dinoflagellates with a small hyposome: Torodinium a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
