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Gurutva
Gurutva (Sanskrit: गुरुत्व) is one of the twenty four gunas mentioned in the joint school of Nyaya - Vaisheshika system in the Indian philosophy. The Indian philosopher '' Praśastapāda'' had mentioned the term ''gurutva'' for the cause of the act of falling, in his commentary text ''Praśastapādabhāṣya'' on the Vaisheshika Sutra of Maharshi Kanada. According to him, gurutva is the quality of the paramanus of ''prithvi'' and ''ap'' (water). Etymology Gurutva is a Sanskrit word made from two terms ''guru'' and ''tva''. The term ''guru'' has meaning of weight or heaviness. And the term ''tva'' is a Sanskrit affix to convert an adjective word into an abstract noun. When the affix term ''tva'' is added after the term ''guru'', then the compound word ''gurutva'' takes the form of an abstract noun. Description According to the joint school of Nyaya-Vaisheshika system, gurutva is the twelfth quality among the twenty four gunas accepted in the system. Praśasta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vaisheshika
Vaisheshika (IAST: Vaiśeṣika; ; ) is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy from ancient India. In its early stages, Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and soteriology. Over time, the Vaiśeṣika system became similar in its philosophical procedures, ethical conclusions and soteriology to the Nyāya school of Hinduism, but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysics. The epistemology of the Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism, like Buddhism, accepted only two reliable means to knowledge: direct observation and inference.DPS Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Indian Psychology (Editor: Anthony J.Marsella), Springer, , page 172* Eliot Deutsch (2000), in Philosophy of Religion : Indian Philosophy Vol 4 (Editor: Roy Perrett), Routledge, , pages 245-248; * John A. Grimes, A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English, State University of New York Press, , page 238 The Vaiśeṣ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Prashastapada
() was an ancient Indian philosopher. He wrote the ''Padārtha-dharma-saṅgraha'' (Collection of Properties of Matter) and a commentary, titled ''Praśastapāda Bhāṣya'', on the Vaisheshika Sutras of Kanada (circa 2nd century BCE); both texts are comprehensive books in physics. In these texts Prashastapada discusses the properties of motion. Ganganath Jha had translated ''Praśastapāda Bhāṣya'' which was published in 1916. ''Prashasta'' or ''Praśasta'' (Sanskrit: प्रशस्त) means praised or praiseworthy, lauded or laudable, commended or commendable or eulogized. Dayananda Saraswati writes that the Sutras of Kanāda and ''Padārthadharmasaṅgraha'' of Praśastapāda do not show much influence of the Nyaya System. ''Praśastapāda Bhāṣya'' is actually not a commentary but an independent compendium of the tenets of the Vaisheshika School. Udayanacharya of the Navya-Nyāya School, the author of ''Lakṣaṇāvalī'' which gives the definitions of Vaiśe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nyaya
Nyāya (Sanskrit: न्यायः, IAST: nyāyaḥ), literally meaning "justice", "rules", "method" or "judgment", is one of the six orthodox (Āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy. Nyāya's most significant contributions to Indian philosophy were the systematic development of the theory of logic, methodology, and its treatises on epistemology. Nyāya epistemology accepts four out of six ''pramanas'' as reliable means of gaining knowledge – ''pratyakṣa'' (perception), ''anumāṇa'' (inference), ''upamāna'' (comparison and analogy) and ''śabda'' (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).John A. Grimes, A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English, State University of New York Press, , page 238DPS Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Indian Psychology (Editor: Anthony Marsella), Springer, , page 172Gavin Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press, , page 225 In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion, diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age#South Asia, Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a lingua franca, link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting effect on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Indo-Aryan languages# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Indian Philosophy
Indian philosophy consists of philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent. The philosophies are often called darśana meaning, "to see" or "looking at." Ānvīkṣikī means “critical inquiry” or “investigation." Unlike darśana, ānvīkṣikī was used to refer to Indian philosophies by classical Indian philosophers, such as Chanakya in the Arthashastra, Arthaśāstra. A traditional Hindu classification divides āstika and nāstika schools of philosophy, depending on one of three alternate criteria: whether it believes the Vedas as a valid source of knowledge; whether the school believes in the premises of Brahman and Atman (Hinduism), Atman; and whether the school believes in afterlife and Deva (Hinduism), Devas. (though there are exceptions to the latter two: Mimamsa and Samkhya respectively). There are six major (āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy, Vedic philosophy—Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga (philosophy), Yoga, Mīmāṃsā and Vedanta—and five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
''Vaiśeṣika Sūtra'' (Sanskrit: वैशेषिक सूत्र), also called ''Kaṇāda Sūtra'' (कणाद सूत्र), is an ancient Sanskrit text at the foundation of the Vaisheshika school of Hindu philosophy. The sutra was authored by the Hindu sage Kanada, also known as Kashyapa. According to some scholars, he flourished before the advent of Buddhism because the ''Vaiśeṣika Sūtra'' makes no mention of Buddhism or Buddhist doctrines; however, the details of Kanada's life are uncertain, and the ''Vaiśeṣika Sūtra'' was likely compiled sometime between 6th and 2nd century BCE, and finalized in the currently existing version before the start of the common era. A number of scholars have commented on it since the beginning of common era; the earliest commentary known is the ''Padartha Dharma Sangraha'' of Prashastapada. Another important secondary work on ''Vaiśeṣika Sūtra'' is Maticandra's ''Dasha padartha sastra'' which exists both in Sanskrit an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kaṇāda
Kaṇāda (, ), also known as Ulūka, Kashyapa, Kaṇabhaksha, Kaṇabhuj was an ancient Indian natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy that also represents the earliest Indian physics. Estimated to have lived sometime between 6th century to 2nd century BCE, little is known about his life. His traditional name "Kaṇāda" means "atom eater", and he is known for developing the foundations of an atomistic approach to physics and philosophy in the Sanskrit text ''Vaiśeṣika Sūtra''. His text is also known as ''Kaṇāda Sutras'', or "Aphorism, Aphorisms of Kaṇāda".Kak, S. 'Matter and Mind: The Vaisheshika Sutra of Kanada' (2016), Mount Meru Publishing, Mississauga, Ontario, . The school founded by Kaṇāda explains the creation and existence of the universe by proposing an atomistic theory, applying logic and realism, and is one of the earliest known systematic realist ontology in human history. Kaṇāda suggested that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Paramanu
Paramanu is a Sanskrit word used in the Vaisheshika school of thought in the Indian Philosophy to denote that part of a ''bhuta'', which is indivisible, indestructible and eternal. In other words, the nitya (eternal) form of the four ''dravyas'' ''prithvi, jal, tejas'' and ''vayu'' is called as ''Paramanu''. Etymology Paramanu is a Sanskrit compound word having two terms ''Parama'' and ''Anu''. The literal meaning of the Sanskrit term Parama is ultimate. Similarly the literal meaning of the term Anu is smallest particle. Anu is the Sanskrit term used for denoting atom. Thus the literal meaning of the compound Sanskrit word paramanu is ''ultimate atom''. Description In the Vaisheshika school, all the substances of the universe are categorised into seven '' padarthas''. They are ''dravya'', ''guna'', ''karma'', ''samanya'', ''vishesha'', ''samvaaya'' and ''abhava''. The synthesis of action is called ''dravya''. There are nine dravyas. They are ''prithvi'', ''jal'', ''tej ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sankara Mishra
Sankara Mishra (Sanskrit: शंकर मिश्र), also known as Shankara Mishra, was an Indian Vedic scholar during the 15th century in Mithila. He was a scholar of Vaisheshika school of thought in the Indian philosophy. Vaisheshika philosophy is one of the six schools of the Indian Philosophy. Early life Sankara Mishra was born in a Maithil Brahmin family at Sarisab Pahi village of the Madhubani district in the Mithila region of Bihar, India. He was the son of the scholar Ayachi Mishra ( Bhavanatha Mishra) of the Nyaya Shastra. According to legend, it is said that Lord Shiva himself was incarnated as the son of the scholar ''Ayachi Mishra'' in the form of Sankara Mishra. It is said that Sankara Mishra introduced his self in ''Sanskrit Shloka'' at the court of the king Bhairavasimha of Mithila, when he was only five years old by age. The Sanskrit Shloka was, The king was influenced by the prodigious poetic talent of the little boy. Then the king imparted a gold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Upaskara
Upaskara (Sanskrit: उपस्कर) (Romanised: Upaskāra) is a commentary on the Kanada's Vaisheshika Sutra of the Indian philosophy. It was written in the Sanskrit language by the Indian philosopher Sankara Mishra of Mithila. Background Sankara Mishra learnt the Vaisheshika Sutra from his father ''Bhavanatha Mishra'' also known as Ayachi Mishra orally. Then he composed a Sanskrit commentary text on the Vaisheshika Sutra of the ancient Vedic sage Kanada. This commentary text is known as ''Upaskara''. Description The Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ... commentary text Upaskara was composed in the 15th century CE. It is said that the text Upaskara might had been composed before 1462 AD by the Indian philosopher Sankara Mishra. The expressions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Indian Philosophical Concepts
Indian or Indians may refer to: Associated with India * of or related to India ** Indian people ** Indian diaspora ** Languages of India ** Indian English, a dialect of the English language ** Indian cuisine Associated with indigenous peoples of the Americas * Indigenous peoples of the Americas ** First Nations in Canada ** Native Americans in the United States ** Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean ** Indigenous languages of the Americas Places * Indian, West Virginia, U.S. * The Indians, an archipelago of islets in the British Virgin Islands Arts and entertainment Film * ''Indian'' (film series), a Tamil-language film series ** ''Indian'' (1996 film) * ''Indian'' (2001 film), a Hindi-language film Music * Indians (musician), Danish singer Søren Løkke Juul * "The Indian", an unreleased song by Basshunter * "Indian" (song), by Sturm und Drang, 2007 * "Indians" (song), by Anthrax, 1987 * Indians, a song by Gojira from the 2003 album '' The Link'' Other uses i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
