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Gold Heptafluoride
Gold heptafluoride is a gold(V) compound with the empirical formula AuF7. The synthesis of this compound from gold pentafluoride and a monatomic fluorine plasma was first reported in 1986. However, current calculations suggest that the structure of the synthesized molecule was actually a difluorine ligand on a gold pentafluoride core, AuF5·F2. That would make it the first difluorine complex and the first compound containing a fluorine atom with an oxidation state of zero. The gold(V)–difluorine complex is calculated to be 205 kJ/mol more stable than "true" gold(VII) fluoride. The vibrational frequency at 734 cm−1 is the hallmark of the end-on coordinated difluorine molecule. Gold heptafluoride decomposes at 100 °C to gold(V) fluoride releasing fluorine gas: :AuF5·F2 → AuF5 + F2 It also undergoes hydrolysis in water. References Fluorides Metal halides Gold–halogen compounds Substances discovered in the 1980s {{Inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gold(III) Fluoride
Gold(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound of gold and flourine with the molecular formula . It is an orange solid that sublimes at 300 °C. It is a powerful fluorinating agent. It is very sensitive to moisture, yielding gold(III) hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid. Preparation AuF3 can be prepared by reacting AuCl3 with F2 or BrF3. Structure The crystal structure In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat ... of AuF3 consists of spirals of square-planar AuF4 units. References External links * Fluorides Metal halides Gold(III) compounds Fluorinating agents Gold–halogen compounds {{inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Oxidation State
In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical Electrical charge, charge of an atom if all of its Chemical bond, bonds to other atoms are fully Ionic bond, ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero. Beside nearly-pure ionic bonding, many covalent bonds exhibit a strong ionicity, making oxidation state a useful predictor of charge. The oxidation state of an atom does not represent the "real" charge on that atom, or any other actual atomic property. This is particularly true of high oxidation states, where the ionization energy required to produce a multiply positive ion is far greater than the energies available in chemical reactions. Additionally, the oxidation states of atoms in a given compound may vary depending on Electronegativities of the elements (data page), the choice of electronegativity scale used in their calculation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Metal Halides
Metal halides are compounds between metals and halogens. Some, such as sodium chloride are Ionic compound, ionic, while others are covalently bonded. A few metal halides are discrete molecules, such as uranium hexafluoride, but most adopt polymeric structures, such as palladium chloride. File:NaCl polyhedra.svg, Sodium chloride crystal structure File:Uranium-hexafluoride-unit-cell-3D-balls.png, Discrete UF6 molecules File:Alpha-palladium(II)-chloride-xtal-3D-balls.png, Infinite chains of one form of palladium chloride Preparation The halogens can all react with metals to form metal halides according to the following equation: :2M + nX2 → 2MXn where M is the metal, X is the halogen, and MXn is the metal halide. In practice, this type of reaction may be very exothermic, hence impractical as a preparative technique. Additionally, many transition metals can adopt multiple oxidation states, which complicates matters. As the halogens are strong oxidizers, direct combination of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Fluorides
Fluoride (). According to this source, is a possible pronunciation in British English. is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula (also written ), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes, and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin. Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature. Nomenclature Fluorides include compounds that contain ionic fluoride and those in which fluoride does not dissociate. The nome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at Standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions as pale yellow Diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely Reactivity (chemistry), reactive as it reacts with all other Periodic table, elements except for the light Noble gas, noble gases. It is highly toxicity, toxic. Among the elements, fluorine ranks Abundance of the chemical elements, 24th in cosmic abundance and 13th in crustal abundance. Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine, which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb meaning gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gold(V) Fluoride
Gold(V) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula Au2F10. This fluoride compound features gold in its highest known oxidation state. This red solid dissolves in hydrogen fluoride but these solutions decompose, liberating fluorine. The structure of gold(V) fluoride in the solid state is centrosymmetric with hexacoordinated gold and an octahedral molecular geometry, octahedral arrangement of the fluoride centers on each gold center. It is the only known dimeric pentafluoride, although sulfur can form disulfur decafluoride; other pentafluorides are monomeric (Phosphorus pentafluoride, P, Arsenic pentafluoride, As, Antimony pentafluoride, Sb, Chlorine pentafluoride, Cl, Bromine pentafluoride, Br, Iodine pentafluoride, I), tetrameric (Niobium pentafluoride, Nb, Tantalum pentafluoride, Ta, Chromium pentafluoride, Cr, Molybdenum pentafluoride, Mo, Tungsten pentafluoride, W, Technetium pentafluoride, Tc, Rhenium pentafluoride, Re, Ruthenium pentafluoride, Ru, Osmium pentafluoride ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
KJ/mol
The joule per mole (symbol: J·mol−1 or J/mol) is the unit of energy per amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI), such that energy is measured in joules, and the amount of substance is measured in moles. It is also an SI derived unit of molar thermodynamic energy defined as the energy equal to one joule in one mole of substance. For example, the Gibbs free energy of a compound in the area of thermochemistry is often quantified in units of kilojoules per mole (symbol: kJ·mol−1 or kJ/mol), with 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules. Physical quantities measured in J·mol−1 usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The precise meaning of such a quantity is dependent on the context (what substances are involved, circumst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Difluorine Complex
A difluorine complex is a molecular complex involving a difluorine molecule (F2) and another molecule. The first example was gold heptafluoride (AuF7). Instead of being a gold(VII) compound, AuF7 is an adduct of gold(V) fluoride (AuF5) and F2. This conclusion has been repeatedly supported by calculations. Unlike dihydrogen complexes, which feature ''η''2-H2, difluorine complexes feature "end-on" or ''η''1-F2 ligand. See also *dihydrogen complex Dihydrogen complexes are coordination complexes containing intact H2 as a ligand. They are a subset of sigma complexes. The prototypical complex is W(CO)3(Tricyclohexylphosphine, PCy3)2(H2). This class of chemical compound, compounds represent in ... References Fluorine compounds {{Coordination complexes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gold(V) Fluoride
Gold(V) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula Au2F10. This fluoride compound features gold in its highest known oxidation state. This red solid dissolves in hydrogen fluoride but these solutions decompose, liberating fluorine. The structure of gold(V) fluoride in the solid state is centrosymmetric with hexacoordinated gold and an octahedral molecular geometry, octahedral arrangement of the fluoride centers on each gold center. It is the only known dimeric pentafluoride, although sulfur can form disulfur decafluoride; other pentafluorides are monomeric (Phosphorus pentafluoride, P, Arsenic pentafluoride, As, Antimony pentafluoride, Sb, Chlorine pentafluoride, Cl, Bromine pentafluoride, Br, Iodine pentafluoride, I), tetrameric (Niobium pentafluoride, Nb, Tantalum pentafluoride, Ta, Chromium pentafluoride, Cr, Molybdenum pentafluoride, Mo, Tungsten pentafluoride, W, Technetium pentafluoride, Tc, Rhenium pentafluoride, Re, Ruthenium pentafluoride, Ru, Osmium pentafluoride ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Difluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at Standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions as pale yellow Diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely Reactivity (chemistry), reactive as it reacts with all other Periodic table, elements except for the light Noble gas, noble gases. It is highly toxicity, toxic. Among the elements, fluorine ranks Abundance of the chemical elements, 24th in cosmic abundance and 13th in crustal abundance. Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine, which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb meaning gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Plasma (physics)
Plasma () is a state of matter characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons. It is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the universe, mostly in stars (including the Sun), but also dominating the rarefied intracluster medium and Outer space#Intergalactic space, intergalactic medium. Plasma can be artificially generated, for example, by heating a neutral gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field. The presence of charged particles makes plasma electrically conductive, with the dynamics of individual particles and macroscopic plasma motion governed by collective electromagnetic fields and very sensitive to externally applied fields. The response of plasma to electromagnetic fields is used in many modern devices and technologies, such as plasma display, plasma televisions or plasma etching. Depending on temperature and density, a certain number of neutral particles may also be present, in wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
