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Fagales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as follows: * Betulaceae – birch family (''Alnus'', '' Betula'', ''Carpinus'', ''Corylus'', '' Ostrya'', '' Ostryopsis'') *Casuarinaceae – she-oak family (''Allocasuarina'', ''Casuarina'', '' Ceuthostoma'', '' Gymnostoma'') *Fagaceae – beech family (''Castanea'', '' Castanopsis'', ''Chrysolepis'', '' Colombobalanus'', '' Fagus'', ''Lithocarpus'', '' Notholithocarpus'', ''Quercus'') * Juglandaceae – walnut family ('' Alfaroa'', '' Carya'', ''Cyclocarya'', ''Engelhardia'', ''Juglans'', '' Oreomunnea'', '' Platycarya'', '' Pterocarya'', '' Rhoiptelea'') *Myricaceae – bayberry family ('' Canacomyrica'', '' Comptonia'', ''Myrica'') * Nothofagaceae – southern beech family (''Nothofagus'') * Ticodendraceae – ticodendron family (''Tic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ticodendraceae
''Ticodendron incognitum'' is the only species of ''Ticodendron'', and the only member of the family Ticodendraceae. It is most closely related to the family Betulaceae. It was discovered only in 1989 in Costa Rica, having been overlooked previously due to its habitat in poorly researched cloud forests and its very 'ordinary' appearance; further research showed its range extends from southern Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas), south through Central America to Panama. It is a tree, 20–30 m tall, superficially resembling an alder in appearance, with alternate, simple leaves 5–12 cm long with a serrated margin. It is generally dioecious, with separate male and female plants. Fossil record †''Ferrignocarpus bivalvis'' fossil fruits, from the Middle Eocene of Oregon and the Early Eocene London Clay flora of southern England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allocasuarina
''Allocasuarina'' is a genus of trees in the flowering plant family Casuarinaceae. They are endemic to Australia, occurring primarily in the south. Like the closely related genus '' Casuarina'', they are commonly called sheoaks or she-oaks. Wilson and Johnson distinguish the two very closely related genera, '' Casuarina'' and ''Allocasuarina'' on the basis of: *'' Casuarina'': the mature samaras being grey or yellow-brown, and dull; cone bracteoles thinly woody, prominent, extending well beyond cone body, with no dorsal protuberance; *''Allocasuarina'': the mature samaras being red-brown to black, and shiny; cone bracteoles thickly woody and convex, mostly extending only slightly beyond cone body, and usually with a separate angular, divided or spiny dorsal protuberance. Description They are trees or shrubs that are notable for their long, segmented branchlets that function as leaves. Formally termed cladodes, these branchlets somewhat resemble pine needles, although sheoa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosid
The rosids are members of a large clade ( monophyletic group) of flowering plants, containing about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 16 to 20 orders, depending upon circumscription and classification. These orders, in turn, together comprise about 140 families. Fossil rosids are known from the Cretaceous period. Molecular clock estimates indicate that the rosids originated in the Aptian or Albian stages of the Cretaceous, between 125 and 99.6 million years ago. Today's forests are highly dominated by rosid species, which in turn helped with diversification in many other living lineages. Additionally, rosid herbs and shrubs are also a significant part of arctic/alpine, temperate floras, aquatics, desert plants, and parasites. Name The name is based upon the name "Rosidae", which had usually been understood to be a subclass. In 1967, Armen Takhtajan showed that the correct basis for the name "Rosidae" is a description of a gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceuthostoma
''Ceuthostoma'' is a genus of two species of trees, constituting part of the plant family Casuarinaceae. They grow naturally only in Malesia, in the islands of Palawan, Borneo, Halmahera and New Guinea. Species * ''Ceuthostoma palawanense'' – ( known only (endemic) from the islands of Palawan in the SW Philippines, stretching towards Borneo) * ''Ceuthostoma terminale ''Ceuthostoma'' is a genus of two species of trees, constituting part of the plant family Casuarinaceae. They grow naturally only in Malesia, in the islands of Palawan, Borneo, Halmahera and New Guinea. Species * ''Ceuthostoma palawanense ...'' – (Borneo, Halmahera and New Guinea) Notes Fagales genera {{Fagales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricaceae
The Myricaceae are a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from ''Myrica'' into a fourth genus ''Morella''. About 55 species are usually accepted in '' Myrica'' (with ''Morella'' included), one in '' Canacomyrica'', and one in '' Comptonia''. Well-known members of this family include bayberry and sweetfern. * '' Canacomyrica'' Guillaumin 1940 * '' Comptonia'' L'Hér. ex Aiton 1789 * '' Myrica'' L. 1753 (includes: '' Morella'' Lour. 1790) Systematics Modern molecular phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... suggest the following relationships: References Rosid families {{Fagales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnostoma
''Gymnostoma'' is a genus of about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the four genera of the plant family Casuarinaceae. The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high altitudes having temperate climates, in forests in the region of the western Pacific ocean and Malesia. In New Caledonia, published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists have not found anywhere else (endemics). Additional species have been found across Burma, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Ambon Island, the Moluccas, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, and one endemic species each in Fiji and the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. The genus was first scientifically described by Lawrie A. S. Johnson in 1980. Many of the ''Gymnostoma'' species combinations of names ( binomials) were described by him in 1982. , a global total of eighteen species have been found and described. The majority of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castanopsis
''Castanopsis'', commonly called chinquapin or chinkapin, is a genus of evergreen trees belonging to the beech family, Fagaceae. The genus contains about 140 species, which are today restricted to tropical and subtropical eastern Asia. A total of 58 species are native to China, with 30 endemic; the other species occur further south, through Indochina to Indonesia and the Philippines, mountainous areas of Taiwan, and also in Japan. The English name chinkapin is shared with other related plants, including the golden chinkapins of the Pacific United States, which are sometimes included within ''Castanopsis'' but are more often considered a separate but very closely related genus, ''Chrysolepis''. They show many characters typical of Fagaceae. They are at least large shrubs but some species grow into sizeable trees. Their leaves are usually tough and much sclerotized and have a well-developed cuticula. Their flowers are unisexual, and the male ones are borne in erect catkins. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 200,000 species within this group. The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons (or monocots), typically each having one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants. Largely from the 1990s onwards, molecular phylogenetic research confirmed what had already been suspected: that dicotyledons are not a group made up of all the descendants of a common ancestor (i.e., they are not a monophyletic group). Rather, a number of lineages, such as the magnoliids and groups now collectively known as the basal angiosperms, diverged earlier than the monocots did; in other words, monocots evolved from within the dic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombobalanus
''Trigonobalanus'' is a genus of three species of evergreen trees in the family Fagaceae, related to oaks, beeches and chestnuts. The species are widely scattered, with one in northern South America and two in southeast Asia; some botanists treat the three species in separate genera. The three species, with their authors, major synonyms, and distribution, are: *'' Trigonobalanus doichangensis'' (A.Camus) Forman (syn. ''Formanodendron doichangensis'' (A.Camus) Nixon & Crepet) - subtropical Yunnan to northern Thailand *'' Trigonobalanus excelsa'' Lozano, Hern. Cam. & Henao (syn. ''Colombobalanus excelsa'' (Lozano, Hern. Cam. & Henao) Nixon & Crepet) - endemic to Colombia *'' Trigonobalanus verticillata'' Forman - tropical Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostryopsis
''Ostryopsis'' is a small genus of deciduous shrubs belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. The species have no common English name, though hazel-hornbeam has been suggested, reflecting their similarities to the closely related hazels and hop-hornbeams. The genus is native to China. They are shrubs reaching 3–5 m tall, with alternate, double-toothed hazel-like leaves 2–7 cm long. The flowers are produced in spring, with separate male and female catkins. The fruit form in clusters 3–5 cm long with 6-10 seeds; each seed is a small nut 4–6 mm long, fully enclosed in a sheath-like involucre. The local people in Northeast China has found hazelnuts of '' Ostryopsis davidiana'' and '' Corylus mandshurica'' are more delicious than that of common hazel ''Corylus avellana'', the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia. It is an important component of the hedgerows that were the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrya
''Ostrya'' is a genus of eight to 10 small deciduous trees belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. Common names include hop-hornbeam and hophornbeam. It may also be called ironwood, a name shared with a number of other plants. The genus is native in southern Europe, southwest and eastern Asia, and North and Central America. They have a conical or irregular crown and a scaly, rough bark. They have alternate and double-toothed birch-like leaves 3–10 cm long. The flowers are produced in spring, with male catkins 5–10 cm long and female aments 2–5 cm long. The fruit form in pendulous clusters 3–8 cm long with 6–20 seeds; each seed is a small nut 2–4 mm long, fully enclosed in a bladder-like involucre. The wood is very hard and heavy. The genus name ''Ostrya'' is derived from the Greek word (), which may be related to () "shell (of an animal)". Regarded as a weed tree by some foresters, this hard and stable wood was historically used to fas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notholithocarpus
''Notholithocarpus densiflorus'', commonly known as the tanoak or tanbark-oak, is a broadleaf tree in the family Fagaceae, and the type species of the genus ''Notholithocarpus''. It is native to the far western United States, particularly Oregon and California. It ranges from in height, with a trunk diameter of . Description It can reach tall in the California Coast Ranges, though is more usual, and can have a trunk diameter of . The bark is fissured, and ranges from gray to brown. The leaves are alternate, , with toothed margins and a hard, leathery texture, and persist for three to four years. At first they are covered in dense orange-brown scurfy hairs on both sides, but those on the upper surface soon wear off; those on the under surface persist longer but eventually wear off too. The seed is an acorn long and 2 cm in diameter, very similar to an oak acorn, but with a very hard, woody nut shell more like a hazel nut. The nut sits in a cup during its 18-month matura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
