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Foxiness
''Vitis labrusca'', the fox grape, is a species of grapevines belonging to the ''Vitis'' genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The vines are native to eastern North America and are the source of many grape cultivars, including Catawba (grape), Catawba, Concord grape, Concord, Delaware (grape), Delaware, Isabella (grape), Isabella, Niagara (grape), Niagara, and many hybrid grape varieties such as Agawam (grape), Agawam, Alexander (grape), Alexander and Onaka (grape), Onaka. Among the characteristics of this vine species in contrast to the European wine grape ''Vitis vinifera'' are its "slip-skin" that allows the skin of the grape berries to easily slip off when squeezed, instead of crushing the Juice vesicles, pulp, and the presence of tendrils on every node of the cane. Another contrast with European ''vinifera'' is the characteristic "foxy" musk of ''V. labrusca'', best known to most people through the Concord grape.Jancis Robinson (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'' (O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catawba (grape)
Catawba is a red American grape variety used for wine as well as juice, jams and jellies. The grape can have a pronounced musky or " foxy" flavor.J. Robinson, ''Vines, Grapes & Wines'', pg 228, Mitchell Beazley, 1986, Grown predominantly on the East Coast of the United States, this purplish-red grape is a likely cross of the native American ''Vitis labrusca'' and the ''Vitis vinifera'' cultivar Semillon. Its exact origins are unclear but it seems to have originated somewhere on the East coast from the Carolinas to Maryland. Catawba played an important role in the early history of American wine. During the early to mid-19th century, it was the most widely planted grape variety in the country and was the grape behind Nicholas Longworth's acclaimed Ohio sparkling wines that were distributed as far away as California and Europe. Catawba is a late-ripening variety, ripening often weeks after many other ''labrusca'' varieties and, like many ''vinifera'' varieties, it can be susceptib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delaware (grape)
The Delaware grape is a cultivar derived from the grape species ''Vitis labrusca'' or 'Fox grape' which is used for the table and wine production. The skin of the Delaware grape when ripened has a pale red, almost pinkish colour, a tender skin, and juicy sweet flesh. It has small fruit clusters with small berries that do not have the pronounced 'foxiness' of other ''V. labrusca'' grapes. It is a slip-skin variety, meaning that the skin is easily separated from the fruit. The grapes are used to make wines including dry, sweet, icewine but is famed for spicy sparkling wines that do not have much of the objectionable foxiness character that other ''V. labrusca'' grapes contribute to their wines. The wine is light pink to white in colour. It is a commercially viable grape vine which is grown in the Northeast and Midwest United States, and is vigorous when grafted onto a ''Phylloxera''-resistant root stock. The Delaware grape is susceptible to downy mildew and ripens earlier than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabella (grape)
The Isabella grape is a cultivar derived from the grape species ''Vitis labrusca'' or 'fox grape,' which is used for table, juice and wine production.winepros.com.au. appellationamerica.coIsabella/ref> Appearance and use The skin of Isabella when ripened is a dark purple, almost black with a tender green-yellow flesh. It has large well formed fruit clusters with thick bloom. It is a slip skin variety, meaning that the skin separates easily from the fruit. The grapes are used to make wine, most notably Uhudler and Fragolino. The Isabella, ''Vitis x labruscana'', being of hybrid parentage, imparts a " foxiness" to the wine and because of this is thought to be objectionable, therefore it is not seen as a grape capable of making fine wines. For the table the flavour is good though with the astringent tough skin and "foxy" aroma is objectionable for some tastes.winemaking.jackkeller.neWinemaking Questions, Page 2: Isabella Grapes/ref> History Isabella, although popularly classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
The Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located in Morris County, New Jersey. Established in 1960, it now is among what has grown to be more than 550 refuges in the United States National Wildlife Refuge System. The initial portion of the Great Swamp that was assembled and donated for perpetual preservation by the park service of the federal government was declared a National Natural Landmark in May 1966. It has grown several times with the assemblage of additional lands. Its eastern half () was designated as a wilderness by Congress in 1968, making it the first wilderness area within the Fish and Wildlife Service. Since about 1966, it has been managed by the Morris County Park Commission. Administration The refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the United States Department of the Interior. Refuge lands lie within the townships of Chatham, Harding, and Long Hill. History Geologic The Great Swamp is the remnant of the bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tendril
In botany, a tendril is a specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape used by climbing plants for support and attachment, as well as cellular invasion by parasitic plants such as '' Cuscuta''. There are many plants that have tendrils; including sweet peas, passionflower, grapes and Chilean glory-flower. Tendrils respond to touch and to chemical factors by curling, twining, or adhering to suitable structures or hosts. History The earliest and most comprehensive study of tendrils was Charles Darwin's monograph ''On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants,'' which was originally published in 1865. This work also coined the term circumnutation to describe the motion of growing stems and tendrils seeking supports. Darwin also observed the phenomenon now known as tendril perversion, in which tendrils adopt the shape of two sections of counter-twisted helices with a transition in the middle. Biology of tendrils In the garden pea, it is only the terminal le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitis Vinifera
''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are currently between List of grape varieties, 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production. The wild grape is often classified as ''Vitis vinifera'' ''sylvestris'' (in some classifications considered ''Vitis sylvestris''), with ''Vitis vinifera'' ''vinifera'' restricted to cultivated forms. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite#Botany, hermaphrodite flowers, but ''sylvestris'' is plant sexuality, dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) and pollination is required for fruit to develop. Grapes can be eaten fresh or dried to produce raisins, Sultana (grape)#Raisins, sultanas, and Zante currant, currants. Grape leaves ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berries
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, red currants, white currants and blackcurrants. In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits. In common usage, the term "berry" differs from the scientific or botanical definition of a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion ( pericarp). The botanical definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known or referred to as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, bananas, and chili peppers. Fruits commonly considered berries but excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits and mulberries, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juice Vesicles
The juice vesicles, also known as citrus kernels, (in aggregate, citrus pulp) of a citrus fruit are the membranous content of the fruit's endocarp. All fruits from the Citranae subtribe, subfamily Aurantioideae, and family Rutaceae have juice vesicles. The vesicles contain the juice of the fruit and appear shiny and sacklike. Vesicles come in two shapes: the superior and inferior, and these are distinct. Citrus fruit with more vesicles generally weighs more than those with fewer vesicles. Fruits with many segments, such as the grapefruit or pomelo, have more vesicles per segment than fruits with fewer segments, such as the kumquat and mandarin. Each vesicle in a segment in citrus fruits has approximately the same shape, size, and weight. About 5% of the weight of an average orange is made up of the membranes of the juice vesicles. Juice vesicles of the endocarp contain the components that provide the aroma typically associated with citrus fruit. These components are also found in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jancis Robinson
Jancis Mary Robinson OBE, ComMA, MW (born 22 April 1950) is a British wine critic, journalist and wine writer. She currently writes a weekly column for the ''Financial Times'', and writes for her website JancisRobinson.com, updated daily. She provided advice for the wine cellar of Queen Elizabeth II. Early life and education Robinson was born in Carlisle, Cumbria, studied mathematics and philosophy at St Anne's College, University of Oxford, and worked for a travel company after leaving university; according to her website, she worked in marketing for Thomson Holidays. Career Robinson started her wine writing career on 1 December 1975 when she became assistant editor for the trade magazine '' Wine & Spirit''. In 1984, she became the first person outside the wine trade to become a Master of Wine. From 1995 until she resigned in 2010 she served as British Airways' wine consultant, and supervised the BA Concorde cellar luxury selection. As a wine writer, she has become one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander (grape)
Alexander (also known as Tasker's GrapeWilliam Bartram, ''Account of the Species, Hybrids, and Other Varieties of the Vine of North-America'', Medical Repository, (1804), vol. 7 econd series, vol. 1 p. 19-24.) is a spontaneous cross of vines from which the first commercial wines in America were made. It was discovered in 1740 in the neighborhood of Springgettsbury, Philadelphia, in a vineyard where James Alexander (d. 1778), Thomas Penn's gardener, had originally planted cuttings of ''Vitis vinifera'' in 1683. It was popularized by the Bartram family at Bartram's Garden, Philadelphia, and widely distributed after the American Revolution by William Bartram.Pinney, Thomas (2007)''A History of Wine in America, Volume 1: From the Beginnings to Prohibition'' University of California Press, 2nd ed. p. 85. The Alexander grape is a hybrid grape of '' Vitis labrusca'' and another species, which may probably be ''Vitis vinifera''. History In the 18th century and much of the 19th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European-American Settlers
During the Age of Discovery, a large scale European colonization of the Americas took place between about 1492 and 1800. Although Norse colonization of North America, the Norse had explored and colonized areas of the North Atlantic, colonizing Greenland and creating a short term settlement near the northern tip of Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland circa 1000 CE, the later and more well-known wave by the European powers is what formally constitutes as beginning of colonization, involving the continents of North America and South America. During this time, several empires from Europe—primarily Kingdom of Great Britain#First British Empire, Britain, Kingdom of France, France, Spanish Empire, Spain, Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Russian Empire, Russia, the Dutch Empire, Netherlands and Swedish Empire, Sweden—began to Discovery doctrine, explore and claim the land, natural resources and human capital of the Americas, resulting in the displacement, disestablishment, Enslave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New World
The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 33: "[16c: from the feminine of ''Americus'', the Latinized first name of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512). The name ''America'' first appeared on a map in 1507 by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, referring to the area now called Brazil]. Since the 16c, a name of the western hemisphere, often in the plural ''Americas'' and more or less synonymous with ''the New World''. Since the 18c, a name of the United States of America. The second sense is now primary in English: ... However, the term is open to uncertainties: ..." The term gained prominence in the early 16th century, during Europe's Age of Discovery, shortly after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci concluded that America (now often called ''th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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