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Etymology Of London
The name of London is derived from a word first attested, in Latinised form, as ''Londinium''. By the first century CE, this was a commercial centre in Roman Britain. The etymology of the name is uncertain. There is a long history of mythicising etymologies, such as the twelfth-century ''Historia Regum Britanniae'' asserting that the city's name is derived from the name of King Lud who once controlled the city. However, in recent times a series of alternative theories have also been proposed. As of 2017, the trend in scholarly publications supports derivation from a Brittonic form ''*Londonjon''.Peter Schrijver, '' Language Contact and the Origins of the Germanic Languages'', Routledge Studies in Linguistics, 13 (New York: Routledge, 2014), p. 57.Theodora Bynon, 'London's Name', ''Transactions of the Philological Society'', 114:3 (2016), 281–97, doi: 10.1111/1467-968X.12064. Attested forms Richard Coates, in the 1998 article where he published his own theory of the etymol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Londinio Mogontio
Londinium, also known as Roman London, was the capital of Roman Britain during most of the period of Roman rule. Most twenty-first century historians think that it was originally a settlement established shortly after the Claudian invasion of Britain, on the current site of the City of London, around 47–50 AD, but some defend an older view that the city originated in a defensive enclosure constructed during the Claudian invasion in 43 AD. Its earliest securely-dated structure is a timber drain of 47 AD.''Historia Regnum Britanniae'' [''History of the Kings of Britain''], Vol. III, Ch. xx.. Geoffrey of Monmouth. Translated by J.A. Giles & al. as ''Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History'', Vol. III, Ch. XX, in ''Six Old English Chronicles of Which Two Are Now First Translated from the Monkish Latin Originals: Ethelwerd's Chronicle, Asser's Life of Alfred, Geoffrey of Monmouth's British History, Gildas, Nennius, and Richard of Cirencester''. Henr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Metathesis (linguistics)
Metathesis ( ; from Greek , from "to put in a different order"; Latin: ''transpositio'') is the transposition of sounds or syllables in a word or of words in a sentence. Most commonly, it refers to the interchange of two or more contiguous segments or syllables, known as adjacent metathesis or local metathesis: * ''anemone'' > ''**anenome'' (onset consonants of adjacent syllables) * ''cavalry'' > ''**calvary'' (codas of adjacent syllables) Metathesis may also involve interchanging non-contiguous sounds, known as nonadjacent metathesis, long-distance metathesis, or hyperthesis, as shown in these examples of metathesis sound change from Latin to Spanish: * Latin > Spanish "word" * Latin > Spanish "miracle" * Latin > Spanish "danger, peril" * Latin > Spanish "crocodile" Many languages have words that show this phenomenon, and some even use it as a regular part of their grammar, such as Hebrew and Fur. The process of metathesis has altered the shape of many familiar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
West Germanic
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic languages, Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic languages, North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages, East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches: Ingvaeonic, which includes English language, English, the Low German, Low German languages, and the Frisian languages; Istvaeonic, which encompasses Dutch language, Dutch and its close relatives; and Irminonic, which includes German language, German and its close relatives and variants. English is by far the most-spoken West Germanic language, with more than 1 billion speakers worldwide. Within Europe, the three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch. Frisian, spoken by about 450,000 people, constitutes a fourth distinct variety of West Germanic. The language family also includes Afrikaans, Yiddish language, Yiddish, Low ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Theodora Bynon
Theodora Bynon (born 1936) is a British linguist and Emeritus Professor of Historical Linguistics at SOAS University of London. She was a student of the German linguist Hans Krahe and studied the ergative case in languages such as Kurdish. She is known for her works on historical linguistics Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical li ... and wrote what is considered a seminal text in 1977. Books *''Historical Linguistics'', Cambridge University Press, 1977 *James and Theodora Bynon (eds.), ''Hamito-Semitica'', London 1975 *Masayoshi Shibatani & Theodora Bynon, ''Approaches to language typology'', Clarendon Press, 1995. References 1936 births Living people Linguists of English Academics of SOAS University of London Linguists from the United Kingdom {{UK-linguist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Marie Henri D'Arbois De Jubainville
Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville (; 5 December 1827 – 26 February 1910) was a French historian, philologist and Celtic scholar. Career He qualified as a lawyer in 1850, and entered a seminary with the intention of becoming a Catholic priest, but his attention turned to French history and in 1851 he left the École des Chartes with the degree of palaeographic archivist. He was placed in control of the departmental archives of Aube, and remained in that position until 1880, when he retired on a pension. He published several volumes of inventorial abstracts, a ''Répertoire archéologique du département'' in 1861; a valuable ''Histoire des ducs et comtes de Champagne depuis le VIe siècle jusqu'à la fin du XIe'', which was published between 1859 and 1869 (8 volumes), and in 1880 an instructive monograph, ''Les Intendants de Champagne''. Already he had become attracted to the study of the ancient inhabitants of Gaul; in 1870 he brought out an ''Étude sur la déclinaison des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Londinières
Londinières () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. Geography A small farming town with a light industry situated by the banks of the river Eaulne in the Pays de Bray, some southeast of Dieppe at the junction of the D920, the D12, D117 and the D1314 roads. Population Places of interest * The church, dating from the sixteenth century. * The nineteenth century Hôtel de Ville. * The eighteenth century chapel of Saint-Melaine at Boissay See also *Communes of the Seine-Maritime department The following is a list of the 707 communes of the French department of Seine-Maritime. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References Communes of Seine-Maritime {{Dieppe-geo- ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Douvrend
Douvrend () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. Geography A farming village situated in the valley of the Eaulne river in the Pays de Caux, some southeast of Dieppe, at the junction of the D58 and the D920 roads. Population Places of interest * The church of St.Madeleine, dating from the thirteenth century. See also *Communes of the Seine-Maritime department The following is a list of the 707 communes of the French department of Seine-Maritime. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References Communes of Seine-Maritime {{Dieppe-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Limé
Limé () is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Population See also *Communes of the Aisne department The following is a list of the 796 communes in the French department of Aisne. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):Communes of Aisne Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Soissons-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gallia Belgica
Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and Germany. Before the Roman province came into existence in about 50 BC, the region was conquered by Julius Caesar during his Gallic Wars. His report, the ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'', described Belgic Gaul as one of the three parts of Gaul (Tres Galliæ), the other two being Gallia Aquitania and Gallia Lugdunensis. Belgica stretched from the Marne River, Marne and Seine rivers, which Caesar described as a cultural boundary between the Belgae and the Celts, Celtic Gauls. In the north and east it stretched all the way to the Rhine. The official Roman province of this name was later created by emperor Augustus in 22 BC, and named after the Belgae, as the largest tribal confederation in the area. However, it also included the territories of the T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Belgae
The Belgae ( , ) were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed in depth by Julius Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico, account of his wars in Gaul. Some peoples in southern Roman Britain, Britain were also called Belgae and had apparently moved from the continent. T. F. O'Rahilly believed that some had moved further west and he equated them with the Fir Bolg in Ireland. The Roman province of Gallia Belgica was named after the continental Belgae. The term continued to be used in the region until the present day and is reflected in the name of the modern country of Belgium. Etymology The consensus among linguists is that the ethnic name ''Belgae'' probably comes from the Proto-Celtic root ''*belg-'' or ''*bolg-'' meaning "to swell (particularly with anger/battle fury/etc.)", cognate with the Dutch language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
The Geographical Journal
''The Geographical Journal'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). It publishes papers covering research on all aspects of geography. It also publishes shorter Commentary papers and Review Essays. Since 2001, ''The Geographical Journal'' has been published in collaboration with Wiley-Blackwell. The journal dates back to two related publications established in the 19th century, ''Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London'' (published from 1831 to 1880), and ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London '', published from 1857 to 1877. Then ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography'', published from 1879 to 1892, continued and absorbed the previous journals. In 1893, the journal renamed itself ''The Geographical Journal''. Prior to 2000, ''The Geographical Journal'' published society news alongside articles and it continues to publish the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Old French
Old French (, , ; ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th [2-4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it was deemed no longer make to think of the varieties spoken in Gaul as Latin. Although a precise date can't be given, there is a general consensus (see Wright 1982, 1991, Lodge 1993) that an awareness of a vernacular, distinct from Latin, emerged at the end of the eighth century.] and mid-14th centuries. Rather than a unified Dialect#Dialect or language, language, Old French was a Dialect cluster, group of Romance languages, Romance dialects, Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible yet Dialect continuum, diverse. These dialects came to be collectively known as the , contrasting with the , the emerging Occitano-Romance languages of Occitania, now the south of France. The mid-14th century witnessed the emergence of Middle French, the lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
