|
Dinocerata
Dinocerata, from Ancient Greek (), "terrible", and (), "horn", or Uintatheria, is an extinct order of large herbivorous hoofed mammals with horns and protuberant canine teeth, known from the Paleocene and Eocene of Asia and North America. With body masses ranging up to they represent some of the earliest known large mammals.Spencer G. Lucas, Robert M. Schoch 19. "Dinocerata" in: Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals (1998) Description Uintatheriids are suggested to have been Browsing (herbivory), browsers. Over the course of their evolution, dinoceratans underwent a great increase in body size, from a weight of in the earliest species to a weight of up to in the largest species, co-inciding with the development of fully graviportal limbs with a digitigrade posture. Later members of the order are noted for their distinctive pairs of horns that develop from the maxillary and Parietal bone, parie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Uintatherium
''Uintatherium'' ("Beast of the Uinta Mountains") is an extinct genus of herbivorous dinoceratan mammal that lived during the Eocene epoch. Two species are currently recognized: ''U. anceps'' from the United States during the Early to Middle Eocene (50.5-39.7 million years ago) and ''U. insperatus'' of Middle to Late Eocene (48–37 million years ago) China. The first fossils of ''Uintatherium'' were recovered in the Bridger Formation, Fort Bridger Basin, and were initially believed to belong to a new species of Brontotheriidae, brontothere. Despite other generic names being assigned, such as Edward Drinker Cope's ''Loxolophodon'' and Othniel Charles Marsh's ''Tinoceras'', and an assortment of attempts at naming new species, ''Uintatherium anceps'' has since come to encompass all of these. The Phylogenetic tree, phylogeny of ''Uintatherium'' and other dinoceratans has long been debated. Originally, they were assigned to the now-invalid Order (biology), order Amblypoda, which un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bathyopsis
''Bathyopsis'', from Ancient Greek βαθύς (''bathús''), meaning "thick", and ὄψις (''ópsis''), meaning "face", is an extinct genus of dinocerates. It lived in North America during the Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes .... Description This animal reached high. References Further reading * Lucas, S.G. and R.M. Schoch. 1998. Dinocerata. pp. 284–291 ''in'' C.M. Janis, K.M. Scott, and L.L. Jacobs (''eds.'') ''Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. * ''The Beginning of the Age of Mammals'' by Kenneth D. Rose Dinoceratans Extinct mammals of North America Fossil taxa described in 1881 Prehistoric placental genera Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Prodinoceras
''Prodinoceras'', from Ancient Greek πρό (''pró''), meaning "before", δεινός (''deinós''), meaning "terrible", and κέρας (''kéras''), meaning "horn", is the earliest known dinocerate genus, which lived in the late Paleocene of Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po .... It was a relatively small uintathere, reaching in length. It is also regarded as the most basal uintathere, as, although it had the characteristic fang-like tusks, it had yet to evolve the characteristic knob-like horns. References Dinoceratans Paleocene genus extinctions Fossils of Mongolia Prehistoric placental genera Paleocene mammals of Asia {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tetheopsis
''Tetheopsis'' is an extinct genus of dinocerates. References Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope Dinoceratans Fossil taxa described in 1885 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eobasileus
''Eobasileus cornutus'' ("horned dawn-king") was a prehistoric species of Dinocerata, dinocerate mammal. Description With a skull about in length, and standing some tall at the shoulder, with a weight estimated to be around , ''Eobasileus'' was the largest uintathere. It looked much like the related ''Uintatherium''. Like ''Uintatherium'', it had three pairs of blunt Horn (anatomy), horns on its skull, possibly covered with skin like the ossicones of a giraffe. The frontal pair may have been composed of keratin, like the horn(s) of a rhinoceros. ''Eobasileus'' also had a pair of tusks shielded by bony protrusions of the lower jaw. A dispute over ''Eobasileus'' specifically and the uintatheres more generally helped to spark the Bone Wars between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh. Cope, Marsh, and Joseph Leidy independently discovered specimens from related species—though Cope and Marsh believed they had each discovered the same species—in the Fort Bridger, Wy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gobiatherium
''Gobiatherium'' (meaning "Beast of the Gobi Desert") was one of the last uintatheres, from the Mid Eocene of Mongolia. Unlike its North American cousins, ''Uintatherium'' or '' Eobasileus'', ''Gobiatherium'' lacked knob-like horns, or even fang-like tusks. Instead, it had enlarged cheekbone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from ), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone, situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forming part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit (anatomy), orbit, of t ...s and an almost spherical snout. Because of the noticeable lack of many diagnostic uintathere features (the horns and tusks), the genus is placed within its own subfamily, "Gobiatheriinae", though some experts prefer to rank it as the family "Gobiatheriidae". References *Cheng Jie & Ma Aneheng: ''New mammalian materials from the Eocene of the Liguanqiao basin.'' Vertebrata PalAsiatica 28, 1990, S. 228–244. * McKenna, M.C. & Bell, S.K. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Probathyopsis
''Probathyopsis'', from Ancient Greek πρό (''pró''), meaning "before", βαθύς (''bathús''), meaning "thick", and ὄψις (''ópsis''), meaning "face", is an extinct genus of dinocerates, which was similar to '' Prodinoceras''. ''Probathyopsis'' lived in the United States in the Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ... epoch Males of ''Probathyopsis'' reached in body mass. References Dinoceratans Paleocene mammals of North America Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ungulate
Ungulates ( ) are members of the diverse clade Euungulata ("true ungulates"), which primarily consists of large mammals with Hoof, hooves. Once part of the clade "Ungulata" along with the clade Paenungulata, "Ungulata" has since been determined to be a polyphyletic and thereby invalid clade based on molecular data. As a result, true ungulates had since been reclassified to the newer clade Euungulata in 2001 within the clade Laurasiatheria while Paenungulata has been reclassified to a distant clade Afrotheria. Living ungulates are divided into two orders: Perissodactyla including Equidae, equines, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and Artiodactyla including Bos, cattle, antelope, Sus (genus), pigs, giraffes, camels, Ovis, sheep, deer, and Hippopotamidae, hippopotamuses, among others. Cetaceans such as Whale, whales, Dolphin, dolphins, and Porpoise, porpoises are also classified as artiodactyls, although they do not have hooves. Most terrestrial ungulates use the hoofed tips of their toes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Prodinoceras Skull
''Prodinoceras'', from Ancient Greek πρό (''pró''), meaning "before", δεινός (''deinós''), meaning "terrible", and κέρας (''kéras''), meaning "horn", is the earliest known dinocerate genus, which lived in the late Paleocene of Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po .... It was a relatively small uintathere, reaching in length. It is also regarded as the most basal uintathere, as, although it had the characteristic fang-like tusks, it had yet to evolve the characteristic knob-like horns. References Dinoceratans Paleocene genus extinctions Fossils of Mongolia Prehistoric placental genera Paleocene mammals of Asia {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Paleocene First Appearances
The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palaiós'' meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg extinction event, brought on by an asteroid impact (Chicxulub impact) and possibly volcanism ( Deccan Traps), marked the beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and ocean acidification. In the Paleocene, the continents of the Northern Hemispher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Condylarth
Condylarthra is an informal group – previously considered an Order (biology), order – of extinct placental mammals, known primarily from the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. They are considered early, primitive ungulates and is now largely considered to be a wastebasket taxon, having served as a dumping ground for classifying ungulates which had not been clearly established as part of either Perissodactyla or Artiodactyla, being composed thus of several unrelated lineages. Taxonomic history Condylarthra always was a problematic group. When first described by , Phenacodontidae was the type and only family therein. , however, raised Condylarthra to an order and included a wide range of diverse placentals with generalized dentitions and postcranial skeletons. More recent researchers (i.e. post-WW2) have been more restrictive; either including only a limited number of taxa, or proposing that the term should be abandoned altogether. Due to their primitive characteristics condylarths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Paleocene
The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palaiós'' meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg extinction event, brought on by an asteroid impact (Chicxulub impact) and possibly volcanism (Deccan Traps), marked the beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and ocean acidification. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
