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Common Law
In law, common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions."The common law is not a brooding omnipresence in the sky, but the articulate voice of some sovereign or quasi sovereign that can be identified," ''Southern Pacific Company v. Jensen'', 244 U.S. 205, 222 (1917) (Oliver Wendell Holmes, dissenting). By the early 20th century, legal professionals had come to reject any idea of a higher or natural law, or a law above the law. The law arises through the act of a sovereign, whether that sovereign speaks through a legislature, executive, or judicial officer. The defining characteristic of common law is that it arises as precedent. Common law courts look to the past decisions of courts to synthesize the legal principles of past cases. '' Stare decisis'', the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules ...
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Precedent
A precedent is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as ''stare decisis'' (a Latin phrase with the literal meaning of "to stand in the-things-that-have-been-decided"). Common-law precedent is a third kind of law, on equal footing with statutory law (that is, statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies) and subordinate legislation (that is, regulations promulgated by executive branch agencies, in the form of delegated legislation) in UK parlance – or regulatory law (in US parlance). Case law, in common-law jurisdictions ...
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Stare Decisis
A precedent is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as ''stare decisis'' (a Latin phrase with the literal meaning of "to stand in the-things-that-have-been-decided"). Common-law precedent is a third kind of law, on equal footing with statutory law (that is, statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies) and subordinate legislation (that is, regulations promulgated by executive branch agencies, in the form of delegated legislation) in UK parlance – or regulatory law (in US parlance). Case law, in common-law jurisdictio ...
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Case Of First Impression
A precedent is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as ''stare decisis'' (a Latin phrase with the literal meaning of "to stand in the-things-that-have-been-decided"). Common-law precedent is a third kind of law, on equal footing with statutory law (that is, statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies) and subordinate legislation (that is, regulations promulgated by executive branch agencies, in the form of delegated legislation) in UK parlance – or regulatory law (in US parlance). Case law, in common-law jurisdictions, ...
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Jus Commune
''Jus commune'' or ''ius commune'' is Latin for "common law" in certain jurisdictions. It is often used by civil law jurists to refer to those aspects of the civil law system's invariant legal principles, sometimes called "the law of the land" in English law. While the ''ius commune'' was a secure point of reference in continental European legal systems, in England it was not a point of reference at all. (''Ius commune'' is distinct from the term " common law" meaning the Anglo-American family of law as opposed to the civil law family.) The phrase "the common law of the civil law systems" means those underlying laws that create a distinct legal system and are common to all its elements. Etymology The ', in its historical meaning, is commonly thought of as a combination of canon law and Roman law which formed the basis of a common system of legal thought in Western Europe from the rediscovery and reception of Justinian's Digest in the 12th and 13th centuries. In addition to ...
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CL Canada Provinces
CL or cl may refer to: Arts and entertainment * CL (rapper) or Lee Chae-rin (born 1991), singer and rapper, former leader of the K-pop girl group 2NE1 * Creative Loafing, a newspaper publisher Brands and enterprises * Colgate-Palmolive's NYSE stock symbol * Companhia das Lezírias, an agribusiness company in Portugal Computing and technology * , the command-line C/C++ compiler for Microsoft Visual C++ * .cl, Internet country code top-level domain for Chile * CL register, the low byte of an X86 16-bit CX register * CAS latency, a measure used in computer memory * Common Lisp, a programming language * Common Logic, a framework for a family of logic languages * Control Language, a scripting language for the IBM AS/400 midrange platform Industry and technology * CL, the prefix for Canadair manufactured aircraft model numbers * Caseless ammunition Organizations * Catholic League (U.S.), also known as The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights * Communion and Li ...
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Code Of Law
A code of law, also called a law code or legal code, is a systematic collection of statutes. It is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of codification. Though the process and motivations for codification are similar in different common law and civil law systems, their usage is different. In a civil law country, a code of law typically exhaustively covers the complete system of law, such as civil law or criminal law. By contrast, in a common law country with legislative practices in the English tradition, modify the existing common law only to the extent of its express or implicit provision, but otherwise leaves the common law intact. A code entirely replaces the common law in a particular area, leaving the common law inoperative unless and until the code is repealed. In a third case of slightly different usage, in the United States and other ...
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Map Of The Legal Systems Of The World (en)
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes. Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or fictional, without regard to context or scale, such as in brain mapping, DNA mapping, or computer network topology mapping. The space being mapped may be two dimensional, such as the surface of the earth, three dimensional, such as the interior of the earth, or even more abstract spaces of any dimension, such as arise in modeling phenomena having many independent variables. Although the earliest maps known are of the heavens, geographic maps of territory have a very long tradition and exist from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to ...
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List Of National Legal Systems
The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. Both ''civil'' (also known as ''Roman'') and ''common'' law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system. Civil law The source of law that is recognized as authoritative is codifications in a constitution or statute passed by legislature, to amend a code. While the concept of codification dates back to the Code of Hammurabi in Babylon ca. 1790 BC, civil law systems derive from the Roman Empire and, mo ...
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CL Canada Federal
CL or cl may refer to: Arts and entertainment * CL (rapper) or Lee Chae-rin (born 1991), singer and rapper, former leader of the K-pop girl group 2NE1 * Creative Loafing, a newspaper publisher Brands and enterprises * Colgate-Palmolive's NYSE stock symbol * Companhia das Lezírias, an agribusiness company in Portugal Computing and technology * , the command-line C/C++ compiler for Microsoft Visual C++ * .cl, Internet country code top-level domain for Chile * CL register, the low byte of an X86 16-bit CX register * CAS latency, a measure used in computer memory * Common Lisp, a programming language * Common Logic, a framework for a family of logic languages * Control Language, a scripting language for the IBM AS/400 midrange platform Industry and technology * CL, the prefix for Canadair manufactured aircraft model numbers * Caseless ammunition Organizations * Catholic League (U.S.), also known as The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights * Communion and Lib ...
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CL Israel
CL or cl may refer to: Arts and entertainment * CL (rapper) or Lee Chae-rin (born 1991), singer and rapper, former leader of the K-pop girl group 2NE1 * Creative Loafing, a newspaper publisher Brands and enterprises * Colgate-Palmolive's NYSE stock symbol * Companhia das Lezírias, an agribusiness company in Portugal Computing and technology * , the command-line C/C++ compiler for Microsoft Visual C++ * .cl, Internet country code top-level domain for Chile * CL register, the low byte of an X86 16-bit CX register * CAS latency, a measure used in computer memory * Common Lisp, a programming language * Common Logic, a framework for a family of logic languages * Control Language, a scripting language for the IBM AS/400 midrange platform Industry and technology * CL, the prefix for Canadair manufactured aircraft model numbers * Caseless ammunition Organizations * Catholic League (U.S.), also known as The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights * Communion and Lib ...
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Law Of Cyprus
The law of Cyprus ( gr, Κυπριακό Δίκαιο) is a legal system which applies within the Republic of Cyprus. Although Cypriot law is extensively codified, it is still heavily based on English common law in the sense that the fundamental principle of precedent applies. History The majority of contemporary legal instruments and principles date back to the colonial legislation enacted by the British in the period between 1878 and 1960. Unlike in the United Kingdom the British Government of Cyprus enacted numerous codifications of the common law principles, known as Chapters. These Chapters are still in force today. For example, while in the United Kingdom the rules on civil liability are purely based on case law and the principle of negligence as expressed in ''Donoghue v Stephenson'', Cyprus has Chapter 148 which governs the vast majority of civil liability claims. Despite the extensive codifications the fundamental doctrine of precedent found in common law still appli ...
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CL India
CL or cl may refer to: Arts and entertainment * CL (rapper) or Lee Chae-rin (born 1991), singer and rapper, former leader of the K-pop girl group 2NE1 * Creative Loafing, a newspaper publisher Brands and enterprises * Colgate-Palmolive's NYSE stock symbol * Companhia das Lezírias, an agribusiness company in Portugal Computing and technology * , the command-line C/C++ compiler for Microsoft Visual C++ * .cl, Internet country code top-level domain for Chile * CL register, the low byte of an X86 16-bit CX register * CAS latency, a measure used in computer memory * Common Lisp, a programming language * Common Logic, a framework for a family of logic languages * Control Language, a scripting language for the IBM AS/400 midrange platform Industry and technology * CL, the prefix for Canadair manufactured aircraft model numbers * Caseless ammunition Organizations * Catholic League (U.S.), also known as The Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights * Communion and Lib ...
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