|
Cyclohexanehexone
Cyclohexanehexone, also known as hexaketocyclohexane and triquinoyl, is an organic compound with formula , the sixfold ketone of cyclohexane. It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), a hexamer of carbon monoxide. The compound is expected to be highly unstable, even less stable than the cyclohexanehexathione analog, and as of 1999 had only been observed as an ionized fragment during mass spectrometry studies. Related compounds Cyclohexanehexone can be viewed as the neutral counterpart of the rhodizonate anion . The singly charged anion has been detected in mass spectrometry experiments, formed by oligomerization of carbon monoxide through the formation of molybdenum carbonyls. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the reagent traded under the name "cyclohexanehexone octahydrate" or equivalent names is actually dodecahydroxycyclohexane dihydrate—the geminal diol derivative of the six ketone groups with an additional two molecules of water—a solid that decomposes at 95& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ethylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride
Ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is a chemical compound with formula , that can be seen as the twofold anhydride of ethylenetetracarboxylic acid . It has a bicyclic molecule, bicyclic molecular structure consisting of two maleic anhydride rings bicyclic molecule, fused by their respective alkene units. It is a pale yellow oily liquid, soluble in dichloromethane and chloroform. The compound and its reactions were first reported in 1967.Jürgen Sauer, Barbara Schröder, Richard Wiemer (1967), ''Eine Studie der Diels-Alder-Reaktion, VI. Kinetischer Nachweis des Moleküls C6O6 (Dianhydrid der Äthylentetracarbonsäure)''. Chemische Berichte Volume 100 Issue 1, Pages 306-314 Jürgen Sauer, Barbara Schröder, Albrecht Mielert (1967), ''Eine Studie der Diels-Alder-Reaktion, VII. Reaktionen des Dianhydrids der Äthylentetracarbonsäure (C6O6)''. Chemische Berichte Volume 100 Issue 1, Pages 315-322 More recently developed reactions for its synthesis include pyrolysis of ethylenetetrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cyclopentanepentone
Cyclopentanepentone, also known as leuconic acid, is a hypothetical organic compound with formula C5O5, the fivefold ketone of cyclopentane. It would be an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), indeed a pentamer of carbon monoxide. As of 2000, the compound had yet to be synthesized in bulk, but there have been reports of trace synthesis. Related compounds Cyclopentanepentone can be viewed as the neutral counterpart of the croconate anion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conven ... . The compound referred to in the literature and trade as "cyclopentanepentone pentahydrate" (C5O5·5H2O) is probably decahydroxycyclopentane (C5(OH)10). References See also * Cyclohexanehexone {{Oxides of carbon Oxocarbons Hypothetical chemical compounds Cyclic ketones Polyketones Conjug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Glyoxylide
Ethylene dione or ethylenedione, also called dicarbon dioxide, Carbon peroxide, ethenedione, or ethene-1,2-dione, is a chemical compound with the formula or . It is an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), and can be described as the carbon-carbon covalent dimer of carbon monoxide. It can also be thought of as the dehydrated form of glyoxylic acid (), or a ketone of ethenone . Synthesis attempts The existence of ethylenedione was first suggested in 1913.H. Staudinger, E. Anthes, ''Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.'' 1913, 46, 1426. However, for over a century the compound had eluded all attempts to synthesize and observe it, and it came to be considered a purely hypothetical compound, or at best an "exceedingly coy molecule". In 2015, a research group reported the creation of ethylenedione — by using laser light to eject an electron from the corresponding stable singly-charged anion — and its spectroscopic characterization. However, the reported spectrum was later found to match that of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dodecahydroxycyclohexane
Dodecahydroxycyclohexane is an organic compound with molecular formula or or . It is a sixfold geminal diol with a cyclohexane backbone and can be regarded as a sixfold hydrate of cyclohexanehexone (). Dihydrate The dihydrate can be crystallized from methanol as colorless plates or prisms, that decomposes at about 100 °C. This compound was synthesized by Joseph Udo Lerch (1816–1892) in 1862 by oxidation of benzenehexol or tetrahydroxy-''p''-benzoquinone and characterized by Rudolf Nietzki and in 1885, although the product was for a long time assumed to be hexaketocyclohexane with water of crystallization (). Indeed, this product is still commonly marketed as cyclohexanehexone octahydrate, hexaketocyclohexane octahydrate, triquinoyl octahydrate and similar names. Its true nature was suspected since the 1950s or earlier, but was confirmed by X-ray diffraction X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cyclic Ketones
In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure , where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula . Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, ''e.g.'', testosterone, and the solvent acetone. Nomenclature and etymology The word ''ketone'' is derived from ''Aketon'', an old German word for ''acetone''. According to the rules of IUPAC nomenclature, ketone names are derived by changing the suffix ''-ane'' of the parent alkane to ''-anone''. Typically, the position of the carbonyl group is denoted by a number, but traditional nonsystematic names are still generally used for the most important ketones, for example acetone and benzophenone. These nonsystematic names are considered retained IUPAC names, although some introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hypothetical Chemical Compounds
A hypothesis (: hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be based on observations and make a testable and reproducible prediction about reality, in a process beginning with an educated guess or thought. If a hypothesis is repeatedly independently demonstrated by experiment to be true, it becomes a scientific theory. In colloquial usage, the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used interchangeably, but this is incorrect in the context of science. A working hypothesis is a provisionally-accepted hypothesis used for the purpose of pursuing further progress in research. Working hypotheses are frequently discarded, and often proposed with knowledge (and warning) that they are incomplete and thus false, with the intent of moving research in at least somewhat the right direction, especially when scientists are stuck on an issue and brainstorming ideas. A different meaning of the term ''hypothesis'' is used in formal logic, to deno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Oxocarbons
In chemistry, an oxocarbon or oxide of carbon is a chemical compound consisting only of carbon and oxygen. The simplest and most common oxocarbons are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (). Many other stable (practically if not thermodynamically) or metastable oxides of carbon are known, but they are rarely encountered, such as carbon suboxide ( or ) and mellitic anhydride (). Many other oxides are known today, most of them synthesized since the 1960s. Some of these new oxides are stable at room temperature. Some are metastable or stable only at very low temperatures, but decompose to simpler oxocarbons when warmed. Many are inherently unstable and can be observed only momentarily as intermediates in chemical reactions or are so reactive that they exist only in gas phase or have only been detected by matrix isolation. Graphene oxide and other stable polymeric carbon oxides with unbounded molecular structures exist. Overview Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs widely in nature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cyclohexanehexathione
Cyclohexanehexathione is a cyclic covalent compound consisting of a six-carbon ring with a sulfur bonded to each. It has been generated by neutralization of its monoanion () in a mass spectrometer. This compound is the thioketone analog of cyclohexanehexone; that oxygen variant is expected to be substantially less stable. Synthesis of by photolysis or pyrolysis to extrude three equivalents of carbon monoxide from a precursor containing adjacent pairs of sulfurs as cyclic dithiocarbonate units gave what is more likely a different valence isomer, as various dithiete-containing structures are predicted to be more stable than the hexathione form. : This theoretical analysis of the various isomers and experimental analysis of this reaction cast doubt on whether the mass spectrometric approach really did produce the hexathione isomer as originally claimed. The increased stability of dithietes as compared to dioxetane-like rings is one of theoretical bases for proposing is more stab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alternative Medicine
Alternative medicine refers to practices that aim to achieve the healing effects of conventional medicine, but that typically lack biological plausibility, testability, repeatability, or supporting evidence of effectiveness. Such practices are generally not part of evidence-based medicine. Unlike modern medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of Guidelines for human subject research, responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing repeatable evidence of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside outside of mainstream medicine and do not originate from using the scientific method, but instead rely on testimonials, anecdotes, religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "Energy (esotericism), energies", pseudoscience, fallacy, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Frequently used terms for relevant practices are New Age medicine, wikt:pseudo-medicine, pseudo-medicine, unortho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
William Frederick Koch
William Frederick Koch (1885–1967) was a U.S. medical doctor and pharmaceutical entrepreneur. In the 1940s he marketed glyoxylide, a drug which he claimed would cure cancer. The claims were never scientifically proved, and he was considered a charlatan by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biography Koch was born in Detroit. He obtained a BA in Chemistry from the University of Michigan in 1909 and an MA in 1910. In 1916 he obtained a PhD from the University of Michigan. There, Koch learned the principles of homeopathy from A. W. Dewey. In 1914 he was appointed Professor of Physiology at the Detroit College of Medicine and subsequently became Chairman of that department. He received an MD degree in 1918 from the Detroit College of Medicine.Davenport, Horace W. (1999). ''Not Just Any Medical School''. University of Michigan Press. p. 55. Around 1919, Koch was advertising a product "synthetic anti-toxin" as a cancer cure. The product was dismissed by the Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Trimer (chemistry)
In chemistry, a trimer (; ) is a molecule or polyatomic anion formed by combination or association of three molecules or ions of the same substance. In technical jargon, a trimer is a kind of oligomer derived from three identical Precursor (chemistry), precursors often in competition with polymerization. Examples Alkyne trimerization In 1866, Marcellin Berthelot reported the first example of cyclotrimerization, the conversion of acetylene to benzene. This process was commercialized: : Nitrile trimerization Symmetrical 1,3,5-triazines are prepared by trimerization of certain nitriles such as cyanogen chloride. Cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide each trimerize at elevated temperatures over a carbon catalyst. The chloride gives cyanuric chloride: : The bromide has an extended shelflife when refrigerated. Like the chloride, it undergoes ab exothermic trimerization to form cyanuric bromide. This reaction is catalyzed by traces of bromine, metal salts, acids and bases. For th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
