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Crowd Simulation
Crowd simulation is the process of simulating the movement (or ) of a large number of entities or characters. It is commonly used to create Virtual cinematography, virtual scenes for visual media like films and video games, and is also used in crisis training, architecture and urban planning, and evacuation simulation. Crowd simulation may focus on aspects that target different applications. For realistic and fast rendering (computer graphics), rendering of a crowd for visual media or virtual cinematography, reduction of the complexity of the 3D scene and image-based rendering are used, while variations (changes) in appearance help present a realistic population. In games and applications intended to replicate real-life human crowd movement, like in evacuation simulations, simulated agents may need to navigate towards a goal, avoid collisions, and exhibit other human-like behavior. Many crowd steering algorithms have been developed to lead simulated crowds to their goals realistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Virtual Cinematography
Virtual cinematography is the set of Cinematography, cinematographic techniques performed in a computer graphics environment. It includes a wide variety of subjects like photographing real objects, often with Stereo camera, stereo or multi-camera setup, for the purpose of recreating them as three-dimensional objects and algorithms for the automated creation of real and Computer simulation, simulated camera angles. Virtual cinematography can be used to shoot scenes from otherwise impossible camera angles, create the photography of animated films, and manipulate the appearance of computer-generated effects. History Early stages An early example of a film integrating a virtual environment is the 1998 film, What Dreams May Come (film), ''What Dreams May Come'', starring Robin Williams. The film's special effects team used actual building blueprints to generate scale wireframe models that were then used to generate the virtual world. The film went on to garner numerous nominations a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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The Perfect Storm (film)
''The Perfect Storm'' is a 2000 American biographical disaster drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and based on the 1997 creative non-fiction book of the same name by Sebastian Junger. The film was adapted by William D. Wittliff, with an uncredited rewrite by Bo Goldman, and tells the story of '' Andrea Gail'', a commercial fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands after being caught in the Perfect Storm of 1991. The film stars George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, Diane Lane, William Fichtner, Karen Allen, Bob Gunton, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, and John C. Reilly. ''The Perfect Storm'' was released on June 30, 2000, by Warner Bros. Despite mixed reviews, the film grossed $328 million worldwide, becoming the eighth highest-grossing film of 2000. Plot In October 1991, the commercial swordfishing boat '' Andrea Gail'' returns to port in Gloucester, Massachusetts, with a poor catch. Boat owner Bob Brown ridicules and taunts Captain Billy Tyne over his rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Group Formation
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, a formation is a class of groups closed under taking images and such that if ''G''/''M'' and ''G''/''N'' are in the formation then so is ''G''/''M''∩''N''. introduced formations to unify the theory of Hall subgroups and Carter subgroups of finite solvable groups. Some examples of formations are the formation of ''p''-groups for a prime ''p'', the formation of π-groups for a set of primes π, and the formation of nilpotent groups. Special cases A Melnikov formation is closed under taking quotients, normal subgroups and group extensions. Thus a Melnikov formation ''M'' has the property that for every short exact sequence :1 \rightarrow A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \rightarrow 1\ ''A'' and ''C'' are in ''M'' if and only if ''B'' is in ''M''. A full formation is a Melnikov formation which is also closed under taking subgroups. An almost full formation is one which is closed under quotients, direct products and subgroups, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Navigation Function
Navigation function usually refers to a function of position, velocity, acceleration and time which is used to plan robot trajectories through the environment. Generally, the goal of a navigation function is to create feasible, safe paths that avoid obstacles while allowing a robot to move from its starting configuration to its goal configuration. Potential functions as navigation functions Potential functions assume that the environment or work space is known. Obstacles are assigned a high potential value, and the goal position is assigned a low potential. To reach the goal position, a robot only needs to follow the negative gradient of the surface. We can formalize this concept mathematically as following: Let X be the state space of all possible configurations of a robot. Let X_g \subset X denote the goal region of the state space. Then a potential function \phi(x) is called a (feasible) navigation function if #\phi(x)=0\ \forall x \in X_g # \phi(x) = \infty if and onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Insect Repellent
An insect repellent (also commonly called "bug spray" or "bug deterrent") is a substance applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Insect repellents help prevent and control the outbreak of insect-borne (and other arthropod-bourne) diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, dengue fever, bubonic plague, river blindness, and West Nile fever. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include insects such as flea, fly, and mosquito; and ticks (arachnids). Some insect repellents are insecticides (bug killers), but most simply discourage insects and send them flying or crawling away. Effectiveness Synthetic repellents tend to be more effective and/or longer lasting than "natural" repellents. For protection against ticks and mosquito bites, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends DEET, icaridin (picaridin, KBR 3023), oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE), para-me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Etiquette
Etiquette ( /ˈɛtikɛt, -kɪt/) can be defined as a set of norms of personal behavior in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviors that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practiced by a society, a social class, or a social group. In modern English usage, the French word ''étiquette'' (label and tag) dates from the year 1750 and also originates from the French word for "ticket," possibly symbolizing a person’s entry into society through proper behavior. There are many important historical figures that have helped to shape the meaning of the term as well as provide varying perspectives. History In , the Ancient Egyptian vizier Ptahhotep wrote '' The Maxims of Ptahhotep'' (), a didactic book of precepts extolling civil virtues such as truthfulness, self-control, and kindness towards other people. Recurrent thematic motifs in the maxims include learning by listening to other people, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Crowd Psychology
Crowd psychology (or mob psychology) is a subfield of social psychology which examines how the psychology of a group of people differs from the psychology of any one person within the group. The study of crowd psychology looks into the actions and thought processes of both the individual members of the crowd and of the crowd as a collective social entity. The behavior of a crowd is much influenced by deindividuation (seen as a person's loss of responsibility) and by the person's impression of the universality of behavior, both of which conditions increase in magnitude with size of the crowd. Notable theorists in crowd psychology include Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904), and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Many of these theories are today tested or used to simulate crowd behaviors in normal or emergency situations. One of the main focuses in these simulation works aims to prevent crowd crushes and stampedes. Origins According to his biological theory of cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Group Dynamics
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (''intra''group dynamics), or between social groups ( ''inter''group dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behaviour, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and following the emergence and popularity of new ideas and technologies. These applications of the field are studied in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, epidemiology, education, social work, leadership studies, business and managerial studies, as well as communication studies. History The history of group dynamics (or group processes) has a consistent, underlying premise: "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts." A social group is an entity that has qualities which cannot be understood just by studying the individuals that make up the group. In 1924, Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer proposed "There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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The Lord Of The Rings (film Series)
''The Lord of the Rings'' is a trilogy of epic film, epic fantasy film, fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson, based on the novel ''The Lord of the Rings'' by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are titled identically to the three volumes of the novel: ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Fellowship of the Ring'' (2001), ''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, The Two Towers'' (2002), and ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, The Return of the King'' (2003). Produced and distributed by New Line Cinema with the co-production of Jackson's WingNut Films, the films feature an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Christopher Lee, Billy Boyd (actor), Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Andy Serkis, and Sean Bean. Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth, the films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins as he and the The Company o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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New Line Cinema
New Line Productions, Inc., Trade name, doing business as New Line Cinema, is an American film production, film and television production company that is a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Motion Picture Group, a division of the Major film studios, "Big Five" film studio Warner Bros., which, in turn, is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD). It is headquartered in Burbank, California. The studio was founded on June 18, 1967 by Robert Shaye in New York City, and has been operating as a unit of Warner Bros. Pictures since 2008. After becoming a film studio after acquired by Turner Broadcasting System in 1994, Turner later merged with Time Warner Entertainment (later known as WarnerMedia from 2018 to 2022, and Warner Bros. Discovery since 2022) in 1996, and New Line was merged with Warner Bros. Pictures in 2008. New Line Cinema is currently one of the four live-action film studios within the Warner Bros. Motion Picture Group, the others being Warner Bros. Pictures, Castle Rock Entert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |