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Complementary Currency
A complementary currency is a currency or medium of exchange that is not necessarily a national currency, but that is thought of as supplementing or complementing national currencies. Complementary currencies are usually not legal tender and their use is based on agreement between the parties exchanging the currency. According to Jérôme Blanc of Laboratoire d'Économie de la Firme et des Institutions, complementary currencies aim to protect, stimulate or orientate the economy. They may also be used to advance particular social, environmental, or political goals. When speaking about complementary currencies, a number of overlapping and often interchangeable terms are in use: local or community currencies are complementary currencies used within a locality or other form of community (such as business-based or online communities); regional currencies are similar to local currencies, but are used within a larger geographical region; and sectoral currencies are complementary curre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIMEC
SIMEC Group Ltd is a British international energy and natural resources business focused on resources, sustainable power, infrastructure, and commodities trading. It is part of the GFG Alliance, which is owned by members of the Gupta family. History The group was founded in 1996 by Parduman K. Gupta, whose son, Sanjeev Gupta, had established Liberty House Group in 1992. In 2013, SIMEC Group refocused itself, mainly on sustainable power, mining, and infrastructure. In 2016 SIMEC had an annual turnover of almost USD2.5 billion and net assets of USD350 million. it was trading in 60 countries, with 200 locations. Description The SIMEC Group (along with Liberty Steel Group) is an independent company within the GFG Alliance, of which Sanjeev Gupta became executive chairman. The company is focused on resources, sustainable power, infrastructure, and commodities trading, Its activities span renewable energy generation, mining, shipping, and commodities trading. SIMEC Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Currency
A community is a social unit (a group of people) with a shared socially-significant characteristic, such as place, set of norms, culture, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable good relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to people's identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, TV network, society, or humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, "community" may also refer to large-group affiliations such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities. In terms of sociological categories, a community can seem like a sub-set of a social collectivity. In developmental views, a community can emerge out of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fureai Kippu
Fureai kippu ( Japanese: ふれあい切符 lit. "caring relationship ticket") is a Japanese sectoral currency created in 1995 by the Sawayaka Welfare Foundation so that people could earn credits helping seniors in their community. The basic unit of account is an hour of service to an elderly person. Sometimes seniors help each other and earn the credits, other times family members in other communities earn credits and transfer them to their parents who live elsewhere. For example, an elderly woman who no longer has a driver’s license; if you shop for her, you get credit for that, based on the kind of service and the number of hours. These credits accumulate- users may keep them for when they become sick or elderly themselves, then use the credits in exchange for services. Alternatively, the users may transfer credits to someone else. A surprising part of the project has been that the elderly tend to prefer the services provided by people paid in Fureai Kippu over those pai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moray
Moray ( ; or ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park. The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996. History The name, first attested around 970 as ', and in Latinised form by 1124 as ', derives from the earlier Celtic forms *''mori'' 'sea' and *''treb'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Findhorn Ecovillage
Findhorn Ecovillage, known in the past as the Findhorn Community, and also referred to as Ecovillage Findhorn, is an experimental and utopian community project based at The Park, in Moray, Scotland, near the village of Findhorn focused on ecological solutions to the world's crises and reconnecting humans to nature and spirituality. It has recently been bought out (Nov 18th 2024) by its community residents, introducing full democracy for the first time, as the residents aim to regenerate the economy and the community after a series of shocks to its economy and facilities, caused by Brexit, Covid-19, arson, energy inflation and decades of an aging population and old leadership.Local relations between the Findhorn Foundation and the village of Findhorn have occasionally foundered over inconsiderate use of the word 'Findhorn' to mean either the former or the Ecovillage. See for example Walker (1994), Talk:Findhorn Foundation and also Findhorn (other). The project's main a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exeter Pound
The Exeter pound (£E) was a form of local complementary currency, or community currency launched in Exeter, UK on 1 September 2015. Its objective was to ensure more money was spent with local and independent businesses. It was one of the many alternatives in the UK to the official sterling currency. It was discontinued on 30 September 2018. History Previous to the Exeter Pound, local currencies were launched in the UK in Bristol (2012), Totnes (2006), Lewes (2008), Brixton (2009) and Stroud (2010). The Exeter Pound was a local and community currency A community is a social unit (a group of people) with a shared socially-significant characteristic, such as place, set of norms, culture, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given g ... that was designed to improve the local economy of Exeter. It aimed to support independent local traders and enhance local economic activity. The scheme was run by the Exeter Pou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Country (greater Region)
The Basque Country (; ; ) is the name given to the home of the Basque people.Larry Trask, Trask, R.L. ''The History of Basque'' Routledge: 1997 The Basque Country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay. Encompassing the Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France, the region is home to the Basque people (), their Basque language, language (), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has upheld a denial of government funding to school books that include the Navarre community within the Basque Country area. Etymology The name in Basque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusko
The eusko is a local currency released by the non-profit organization "Eusko Moneta erakundea", and is one of a number of currencies that are active in the Basque Country. It is mainly used in the Northern Basque Country, France, with plans to extend its use to certain areas of Upper Navarre and Gipuzkoa in the Southern Basque Country. The currency was created on 31 January 2013. As of 2025, with 4.3 million euskos in circulation, it is the biggest local currency in Europe. Features The smallest value of the eusko is the one eusko format, so it can not be separated in less than that amount. The eusko has a value that is equal to the euro, so the price of an article can be totally paid in euskos, but if the article doesn't have a round price, the difference will be paid in regular euro cents. (Example: if an article costs 3,50 euros, it can be paid with 3 euskos and 50 euro cents). There also exists a credit card system since 2017, as well as an app for payments and the tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eco-Pesa
Eco-Pesa is the name of a Kenyan community currency, used to reduce poverty and support environmental conservation in a slums areas inside the Kongowea Location, Mombasa District, Kenya. Pesa (money), Pesa is a Swahili language, Swahili word for money. Eco-Pesa's was in circulation for one year and was considered the pilot that resulted in the more sustainable Bangla-Pesa model of community currencies that have been duplicated in five communities in Kenya and two in South Africa. Issuance Residents could obtain Eco-Pesa through being part of a business network or participating in community events (such as trash collection days) or through local sales and services. Introduction Eco-Pesa were introduced by William O. Ruddick, May 2010 to three slum villages (or informal settlements) inside the Kongowea Location in Mombasa County, namely: Kisumu Ndogo, Kisimu Ndogo, Shauri Yako and Mnazi Moja, Mnazi Mmoja. Once registered, local businesses become part of a business Network. Once i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detroit Community Scrip
Detroit Community Scrip, also called Detroit Cheers, was a local currency used in Detroit, Michigan, first issued in April 2009. Modeled upon the local scrip A scrip (or ''wikt:chit#Etymology 3, chit'' in India) is any substitute for legal tender. It is often a form of credit (finance), credit. Scrips have been created and used for a variety of reasons, including exploitative payment of employees un ... that were used during the Great Depression, it was being used to restore local financial confidence following decades of economic decline. The Cheers are backed by U.S. currency and are fully exchangeable for an equal amount of U.S. dollars, backed by several Detroit-based businesses. In April 2009, there were $4,500 worth of cheers in circulation. Businesses could sign up to be issuers and print scrip after depositing a matching amount in U.S. dollars and then be entitled to print Cheers. History The Detroit Scrip was first issued in April 2009, by Foran's Grand Trunk Pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiemgauer
Chiemgauer is a regional currency started in 2003 in Prien am Chiemsee, Bavaria, Germany. Named after the Chiemgau, a region around the Chiemsee lake, it is intended to increase local employment, supporting local culture, and make the local food supply more resilient. The Chiemgauer operates with a fixed exchange rate, tied to the value of the euro: 1 Chiemgauer = €1. History In 2003, Christian Gelleri, a high school teacher, started this project with his students, who are in charge of designing and printing vouchers and take care of administration, accounting, advertising, and other tasks. Chiemgauer is a member of a regional currencies' network called Regiogeld (regiomoney association). Gelleri had been inspired by the economists Silvio Gesell and Rudolf Steiner, and by the former's Freigeld. The Chiemgauer is intended for: * Employment creation: unemployed, students, and volunteers are hired to work, earning some allowances * Promotion of cultural, educa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
