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Cetbang
Cetbang (originally known as bedil, also known as warastra or meriam coak) were cannons produced and used by the Majapahit Empire (1293–1527) and other kingdoms in the Indonesian archipelago. There are 2 main types of cetbang: the eastern-style cetbang which looks like a Chinese cannon and is loaded from the front, and the western-style cetbang which is shaped like a Turkish and Portuguese cannon, loaded from the back.Averoes, Muhammad (2020). Antara Cerita dan Sejarah: Meriam Cetbang Majapahit. ''Jurnal Sejarah'', 3(2), 89 - 100. Etymology The word "cetbang" is not found in old Javanese, it probably comes from the Chinese word ''chongtong'' (銃筒), which also influenced the Korean word 총통('' chongtong''). The term "meriam coak" is from the Betawi language, it means "hollow cannon", referring to the breech. It is also simply referred to as coak. Cetbang in old Javanese is known as bedil. It is also called a warastra, which is synonymous with bedil. Warastra is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majapahit
Majapahit (; (eastern and central dialect) or (western dialect)), also known as Wilwatikta (; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia). At its greatest extent, following significant military expansions, the territory of the empire and its tributary states covered almost the entire Nusantara (term), Nusantara archipelago, spanning both Asia and Oceania. After a Regreg war, civil war that weakened control over the vassal states, the empire slowly declined before collapsing in 1527 due to an Demak–Majapahit conflicts, invasion by the Demak Sultanate, Sultanate of Demak. The fall of Majapahit saw the rise of History of Indonesia#Islamic civilizations, Islamic kingdoms in Java. Established by Raden Wijaya in 1292, Majapahit rose to power after the Mongol invasion of Java and reached its peak during the era of the queen Tribhuwana Wijayatungga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breech-loading Swivel Gun
A breech-loading swivel gun was a particular type of swivel gun and a small breech-loading cannon invented in the 14th century. It was equipped with a swivel for easy rotation and was loaded by inserting a mug-shaped device called a chamber or breech block, filled with gunpowder and projectiles. It had a high rate of fire, as several chambers could be prepared in advance and quickly fired in succession and was especially effective in anti-personnel roles. It was used for centuries by many countries of Europe, Asia and Africa. Characteristics Although breech-loading is often considered a modern innovation which facilitated the loading of cannons,Turnbull, p. 105 breech-loading swivel guns were invented in the 14th century, and used worldwide from the 16th century onward by numerous countries, many of them non-European. They have been called by many names, sometimes "Murderer", "Base", "Sling", "Port-Piece", "Serpentine", "Culverin", "Pierrier", "Stock Fowler", and "Patterero" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prangi
The prangi, paranki, piranki, pirangi, farangi, firingi, or firingiha was a type of cannon produced by the Ottoman Empire. It was subsequently copied and produced in other places such as the Mughal Empire, Mughal empire under Babur. The prangi was a breech-loading swivel gun. Etymology Prangi was written in Ottoman sources in various words as prankı, pirankı, parangi, parangı, pranga, pranku, prangu, and parangu. The Ottoman term goes back to the Italian/Spanish ''braga'', short for "''petriero'' ''a barga''" and "''pedrero'' ''de'' ''braga''", a small breech-loading swivel gun.Agoston, Gabor (2019)''Firangi'', ''Zarbzan, and Rum Dasturi'': The Ottomans and the Diffusion of Firearms in Asia In Pál Fodor, Nándor E. Kovács and Benedek Péri eds., ''Şerefe. Studies in Honour of Prof. Géza Dávid on His Seventieth Birthday'', Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest: Research Center for the Humanities, 89–104. ''Braga'' itself means "pants" or "breech". Babur called this we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannon
A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge (firearms), gauge, effective range, mobility (military), mobility, rate of fire, elevation (ballistics), angle of fire and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. A cannon is a type of heavy artillery weapon. The word ''cannon'' is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as ''tube'', ''cane'', or ''reed''. The earliest known depiction of cannons may have appeared in Science and technology of the Song dynasty#Gunpowder warfare, Song dynasty China as early as the 12th century; however, solid archaeological and documentary evidence of cannons do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chongtong
''Chongtong'' () is a term for military firearms of the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties. ''Chongtong'' varied in size from small firearms to large cannons. There were three generations of ''chongtong''. The well-known ''cheonja'', ''jija'', ''hyeonja'', and ''hwangja'' were named after the first four characters of the Thousand Character Classic in decreasing size, thus making them equivalent to Cannons A, B, C, and D. History Gunpowder first came to Korea in the mid-14th century. From 1356 onwards, Korea was much harassed by wokou, and the king of Goryeo, Kongmin Wang, sent an envoy to the court of Ming China appealing for a supply of firearms. Although China at that time was under Yuan dynasty, the first Ming leader, the Hongwu Emperor, seems to have treated the request kindly and responded in some measure. The Goryeosa mentions a certain type of bombard, the chongtong, which could send arrows from the Nam-kang hill to the south of the Sun-ch’on Sa temple with such force and vel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedil (term)
Bedil is a term from Maritime Southeast Asia which refers to various types of firearms and gunpowder weapons, from small pistols to large siege guns. The term ''bedil'' comes from ''wedil'' (or ''wediyal'') and ''wediluppu'' (or ''wediyuppu'') in the Tamil language. In their original form, these words refer to gunpowder blast and saltpeter, respectively. But after being absorbed into ''bedil'' in the Malay language, and in a number of other cultures in the archipelago, Tamil vocabulary is used to refer to all types of weapons that use gunpowder. The terms ''bedil'' and ''bedhil'' are known in Javanese and Balinese. In Sundanese the term is ''bedil'', in Batak it is known as ''bodil'', in Makasarese ''baddilik'', in Buginese, ''balili'', in Dayak language, ''badil'', in Tagalog, ''baril'', in Bisayan, ''bádil'', in Bikol languages, ''badil'', and in Malay it is ''badel'' or ''bedil''. History It is possible that gunpowder weapons were used in Java by Kublai Khan's Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bisayan Languages
The Bisayan languages or Visayan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in the Philippines. They are most closely related to Tagalog and the Bikol languages, all of which are part of the Central Philippine languages. Most Bisayan languages are spoken in the whole Visayas section of the country, but they are also spoken in the southern part of the Bicol Region (particularly in Masbate and Sorsogon where several dialects of Waray are spoken), islands south of Luzon, such as those that make up Romblon, most of the areas of Mindanao and the province of Sulu located southwest of Mindanao. Some residents of Metro Manila also speak one of the Bisayan languages. Over 30 languages constitute the Bisayan language family. The Bisayan language with the most speakers is Cebuano, spoken by 20 million people as a native language in Central Visayas, parts of Eastern Visayas, and most of Mindanao. Two other well-known and widespread Bisayan languages are Hilig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buginese Language
Buginese or Bugis (Buginese: ) is a language spoken by about 4 million people mainly in the southern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia. History The word Buginese derives from the word ''Bugis'' in Malay. In Buginese, it is called while the Bugis people are called . According to a Buginese myth, the term is derived from the name to the first king of Cina, an ancient Bugis kingdom, . basically means 'the followers of La Sattumpugi'. Little is known about the early history of this language due to the lack of written records. The earliest written record of this language is Sureq Galigo, the epic creation myth of the Bugis people. Another written source of Buginese is Lontara, a term which refers to the traditional script and historical record as well. The earliest historical record of Lontara dates to around the 17th century. Lontara records have been described by historians of Indonesia as "sober" and "factual" when compared to their counterparts from other regions of Maritime S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dayak Language
The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory, and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable. The Dayak were animist (Kaharingan and Folk Hindus) in belief; however, since the 19th century there has been mass conversion to Christianity and to Islam. Etymology It is commonly assumed that the name originates from the Bruneian and Melanau word for "interior people", without any reference to an exact ethnic group. Particularly, it derives from a related Kenyah word for "upstream" (compare with ethnonym Lun ''Dayeh''). The term was adopted by Dutch and German authors as an umbrella term for any non-Muslim natives of Borneo. Thus, historically, the difference between Dayak and non-Dayak natives could be understood as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tagalog Language
Tagalog ( ,According to the ''OED'' anMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary ; ''Baybayin'': ) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines, and as a second language by the majority, mostly as or through Filipino language, Filipino. Its de facto Standard language, standardized and codified form, officially named ''Filipino'', is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of the nation's two official languages, alongside Philippine English, English. Tagalog, like the other and as one of the regional languages of the Philippines, which majority are Austronesian languages, Austronesian, is one of the auxiliary official languages of the Philippines in the regions and also one of the auxiliary media of instruction therein. Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, the Bisayan languages, Ilocano language, Ilocano, Kapampangan language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedil Kuno Atau Meriam Kuno Jawa Cetbang
Bedil can refer to: * Bedil (term) Bedil is a term from Maritime Southeast Asia which refers to various types of firearms and gunpowder weapons, from small pistols to large siege guns. The term ''bedil'' comes from ''wedil'' (or ''wediyal'') and ''wediluppu'' (or ''wediyuppu'') ..., a term used for various early firearms and gunpowder weapons from Maritime Southeast Asia ** Bedil tombak, one such firearm Places * Bedil, Çerkeş, in Çankırı Province, Turkey * Bedil, Bartın, in Bartın Province, Turkey People * ʿAbd al-Qādir Bēdil Dihlawī (1642–1720), Indian Sufi saint and poet from Delhi * Qadir Bux Bedil (1815–1873), Sindhi Sufi poet and scholar * Bedil Masroor (born 1947), Pakistani producer, writer and singer {{dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bikol Languages
The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of Central Philippine languages spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the southeastern part of Luzon, the neighboring island-province of Catanduanes, and the island of Burias in Masbate. Internal classification Ethnologue ''Ethnologue'' groups the languages of Bikol as follows: *Bikol **Coastal Bikol (Northern) *** Isarog Agta language *** Mount Iraya Agta language *** Central Bikol language ( ISO 639-3 bcl) **** Canaman dialect (standard) **** Naga City dialect ****Partido dialect ****Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon (TLS) dialect ****Daet dialect *** Southern Catanduanes Bikol language **Inland Bikol (Southern) *** Mount Iriga Agta language *** Albay Bikol languages ****Buhinon language ****Libon language ****West Miraya language ****East Miraya language *** Rinconada Bikol language ****Highland/Sinabukid dialect *****Agta variant *****Iriga variant (standard) ****Lakeside/Sinaranəw dialect *****Baao variant *****Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
