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Botfly
Botflies, also known as warble flies, heel flies, and gadflies, are a family of flies known as the Oestridae. Their larvae are internal parasites of mammals, some species growing in the host's flesh and others within the gut. '' Dermatobia hominis'' is the only species of botfly known to parasitize humans routinely, though other species of flies cause myiasis in humans. General A botfly, also written bot fly, bott fly or bot-fly in various combinations, is any fly in the family Oestridae. Their life cycles vary greatly according to species, but the larvae of all species are internal parasites of mammals. Largely according to species, they also are known variously as warble flies, heel flies, and gadflies. The larvae of some species grow in the flesh of their hosts, while others grow within the hosts' alimentary tracts. The word "bot" in this sense means a maggot. A warble is a skin lump or callus such as might be caused by an ill-fitting harness, or by the presence of a war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dermatobia Hominis
The human botfly, ''Dermatobia hominis'' (Greek δέρμα, skin + βίος, life, and Latin '' hominis'', of a human), is a species of botfly whose larvae parasitise humans (in addition to a wide range of other animals, including other primates). It is also known as the torsalo or American warble fly, though the warble fly is in the genus ''Hypoderma'' and not ''Dermatobia'', and is a parasite on cattle and deer instead of humans. ''Dermatobia'' fly eggs have been shown to be vectored by over 40 species of mosquitoes and muscoid flies, as well as one species of tick; the female captures the mosquito and attaches its eggs to its body, then releases it. Either the eggs hatch while the mosquito is feeding and the larvae use the mosquito bite area as the entry point, or the eggs simply drop off the muscoid fly when it lands on the skin. The larvae develop inside the subcutaneous layers, and after about eight weeks, they drop out to pupate for at least a week, typically in the so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephenemyia Stimulator
The name deer botfly (also deer nose botfly) refers to any species in the genus ''Cephenemyia'' (sometimes misspelled as ''Cephenomyia'' or ''Cephenemya''), within the family Oestridae. They are large, gray-brown flies, often very accurate mimics of bumblebees. They attack chiefly the nostrils and pharyngeal cavity of members of the deer family. The larva of ''Cephenemyia auribarbis'', infesting the stag, is called a stagworm. The genus name comes from the Greek ''kēphēn'', drone bee, and ''myia'', fly. Description The larval stages of ''Cephenemyia'' are obligate parasites of cervids. Eggs hatch in the uterus of the female. She then flies close to the head of her host species and while hovering ejects her larvae into its nostrils. Larvae migrate to the base of the animal's tongue, where they mature in clusters to a size of 25 to 36 mm. After being ejected by the host, they pupate in soil (2 to 3 weeks) before emerging as a sexually-mature but non-feeding adult, which mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flies
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oestroidea
Oestroidea is a superfamily of Calyptratae including the blow flies, bot flies, flesh flies, and their relatives. It occurs worldwide and has about 15,000 described species. The superfamily includes the families: *Calliphoridae *Mesembrinellidae (formerly included in Calliphoridae) * Mystacinobiidae *Oestridae *Polleniidae (formerly included in Calliphoridae) *Rhiniidae (formerly included in Calliphoridae) *Rhinophoridae *Sarcophagidae *Tachinidae *Ulurumyiidae Ecology Oestroidea have a wide range of feeding habits and breeding environments: saprophagous (many Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae), feeding on blood of birds or mammals (some Calliphoridae), parasites of gastropods or earthworms (some Calliphoridae), parasitoids of arthropods (Rhinophoridae, Tachinidae and some Sarcophagidae), living in association with termites or ants (some Calliphoridae and Rhiniidae), and commensals of bats (Mystacinobiidae). Various species of Calliphoridae, Oestridae and Sarcophagidae have lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warble Flies
Warble fly is a name given to the genus ''Hypoderma'': large flies which are parasitic on cattle and deer. Other names include "heel flies", "bomb flies" and "gadflies", while their larvae are often called "cattle grubs" or "wolves." Common species of warble fly include ''Hypoderma bovis'' (the ox warble fly) and ''Hypoderma lineatum'' (the cattle warble fly) and '' Hypoderma tarandi'' (the reindeer warble fly). Larvae of ''Hypoderma'' species also have been reported in horses, sheep, goats and humans. They have also been found on smaller mammals such as dogs, cats, squirrels, voles and rabbits. Adult warble flies are large, hairy and bumblebee-like and brown, orange or yellow in color. The adults have vestigial mouthparts, so they cannot feed during their short lifespans, which can be as little as five days. Piper, R. (2007), ''Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals''. Greenwood Press. They are found on all continents of the Northern Hemisphere, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myiasis
Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by fly larvae (maggots) which grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue. Although flies are most commonly attracted to open wounds and urine- or feces-soaked fur, some species (including the most common myiatic flies—the botfly, blowfly, and screwfly) can create an infestation even on unbroken skin and have been known to use moist soil and non-myiatic flies (such as the common housefly) as vector agents for their parasitic larvae. Because some animals (particularly non-native domestic animals) cannot react as effectively as humans to the causes and effects of myiasis, such infestations present a severe and continuing problem for livestock industries worldwide, causing severe economic losses where they are not mitigated by human action. Although typically a far greater issue for animals, myiasis is also a relatively frequent disease for humans in rural tropical regions where myiatic flies thrive, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Housefly
The housefly (''Musca domestica'') is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. It is believed to have evolved in the Cenozoic Era, possibly in the Middle East, and has spread all over the world as a commensal of humans. It is the most common fly species found in houses. Adults are gray to black, with four dark, longitudinal lines on the thorax, slightly hairy bodies, and a single pair of membranous wings. They have red eyes, set farther apart in the slightly larger female. The female housefly usually mates only once and stores the sperm for later use. She lays batches of about 100 eggs on decaying organic matter such as food waste, carrion, or feces. These soon hatch into legless white larvae, known as maggots. After two to five days of development, these metamorphose into reddish-brown pupae, about long. Adult flies normally live for two to four weeks, but can hibernate during the winter. The adults feed on a variety of liquid or semi-liquid substances, as well as sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tick
Ticks (order Ixodida) are parasitic arachnids that are part of the mite superorder Parasitiformes. Adult ticks are approximately 3 to 5 mm in length depending on age, sex, species, and "fullness". Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates. Ticks belong to two major families, the Ixodidae or hard ticks, and the Argasidae, or soft ticks. '' Nuttalliella,'' a genus of tick from southern Africa is the only member of the family Nuttalliellidae, and represents the most primitive living lineage of ticks. Adults have ovoid/pear-shaped bodies (idiosomas) which become engorged with blood when they feed, and eight legs. Their cephalothorax and abdomen are completely fused. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinophoridae
Rhinophoridae is a family of flies (Diptera), commonly known as Woodlouse Flies, found in all zoogeographic regions except Oceania, but mainly in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. They are small, slender, black, bristly flies phylogenetically close to the Tachinidae, although some authors consider them a sister group of the Calliphoridae. The larvae are mostly parasitoids of woodlice, beetles, spiders, and other arthropods, and occasionally snails. By 2020, about 33 genera were placed in the family, with a total 177 species. Genera include: *'' Acompomintho'' Villeneuve, 1927 *'' Apomorphyto'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Aporeomyia'' Pape & Shima, 1993 *'' Axinia'' Colless, 1994 *'' Azaisia'' Villeneuve, 1939 *'' Baniassa'' Kugler, 1978 *'' Bezzimyia'' Townsend, 1919 *'' Bixinia'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Comoromyia'' Crosskey, 1977 *'' Kinabalumyia'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Macrotarsina'' Schiner, 1857 *'' Malayia'' Malloch, 1926 *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systematic Entomology
''Systematic Entomology'' is a scientific journal covering the field of systematic entomology, published by the Royal Entomological Society of London. Having begun in 1932 as '' Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy'', the title was changed to ''Journal of Entomology, Series B: Taxonomy'' in 1971, starting with volume 40. After volume 44 in 1976, the journal became ''Systematic Entomology'', starting again with volume 1. According to the '' Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.844. It is indexed in the following bibliographic databases: *''Academic Search'' *''AGRICOLA'' *''Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts'' *'' BIOBASE'' *''Biological Abstracts'' *''BIOSIS Previews'' *'' CAB Direct'' *'' CSA Biological Sciences Database'' *'' CSA Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management Database'' *''Current Contents'' *''Embiology'' *'' IBIDS'' *''InfoTrac'' *'' Journal Citation Reports'' *''Science Citation Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skin
Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means "of the skin" (from Latin ''cutis'' 'skin'). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments, and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Skin (including cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues) plays crucial roles in formation, structure, and function of extraskeletal apparatus such as horns of bovids (e.g., cattle) and rhinos, cervids' antlers, giraffids' ossicones, armadillos' osteoderm, and os penis/ os clitoris. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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