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Billiard Tables
Billiard or billiards may refer to: Cue sports * A , a type of shot in cue sports ''(see below)'' * Billiards: cue sports in general; the term "billiards" by itself is also sometimes used to refer to any of the following more specifically: ** Carom billiards (also known as French billiards), games in general (a chiefly non-British usage) ** Three-cushion billiards, even more specifically, the most popular form of carom billiards worldwide ** The specific game of English billiards (a chiefly British, Irish and Australian usage) ** Pool (cue sports) (pocket billiards) games, such as eight-ball and nine-ball, in general (a chiefly colloquial North American usage) * See the list of cue sports for various other games with "billiards" in their names; also more specifically: ** Pin billiards, a fairly large number of billiard games that use a pin, or a set of pins or "skittles" ** Bar billiards, a game combining elements of bagatelle and English billiards * Electric billiards, an obso ...
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Cue Sports
Cue sports are a wide variety of Game of skill, games of skill played with a cue stick, which is used to strike billiard balls and thereby cause them to move around a Baize, cloth-covered billiards table, table bounded by elastic bumpers known as . Cue sports, a category of List of stick sports, stick sports, may collectively be referred to as billiards, though this term has more specific connotations in some List of dialects of English, English dialects. There are three major subdivisions of games within cue sports: *Carom billiards, played on tables without , typically ten feet in length, including straight rail, balkline, one-cushion carom, three-cushion billiards, artistic billiards, and Four-ball billiards, four-ball *Pool (cue sports), Pocket billiards (or pool), played on six-pocket tables of seven, eight, nine, or ten-foot length, including among others eight-ball (the world's most widely played cue sport), nine-ball (the dominant professional game), ten-ball, straight ...
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Ground Billiards
Ground billiards is a modern term for a family of medieval European lawn games, the original names of which are mostly unknown, played with a long-handled mallet (the '), wooden balls, a hoop (the ''pass''), and an upright skittle or pin (the ''king''). The game, which cue-sports historians have called "the original game of billiards", developed into a variety of modern outdoor and indoor games and sports such as croquet, pool, snooker, and carom billiards. Its relationship to games played on larger fields, such as hockey, golf, and bat-and-ball games, is more speculative. As a broader classification, the term is sometimes applied to games dating back to classical antiquity that are attested via difficult-to-interpret ancient artworks and rare surviving gaming artifacts. History Dating back to at least the 15th century as a tabletop game, and in recognizable form to as early as the 14th, this proto-billiards game appears to have been ancestral to croquet (19th century), truc ...
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Maria Duchêne-Billiard
Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial * 170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 * Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, dark basaltic plains on Earth's Moon Terrestrial *Maria, Maevatanana, Madagascar * Maria, Quebec, Canada * Maria, Siquijor, the Philippines * María, Spain, in Andalusia * Îles Maria, French Polynesia *María de Huerva, Aragon, Spain * Villa Maria (other) Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Maria'' (1947 film), Swedish film * ''Maria'' (1975 film), Swedish film * ''Maria'' (2003 film), Romanian film * ''Maria'' (2019 film), Filipino film * ''Maria'' (2021 film), Canadian film directed by Alec Pronovost *'' Being Maria'', 2024 French film released as ''Maria'' in France * ''Maria'' (2024 film), American film * ''Maria'' (Sinhala film), Sri Lankan upcoming film Literature * ''María'' (novel), an 1867 novel by Jorge Isaacs * ...
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Harry Billiard
Harry Pree Billiard (November 11, 1883 – June 3, 1923), nicknamed "Pree", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher who played in with the New York Highlanders of the American League, then in with the Indianapolis Hoosiers, continuing with the team in when it moved and became the Newark Pepper The Newark Peppers, originally known as the Indianapolis Hoosiers, were a Federal League baseball team from 1913–1915. The Federal League (FL), founded in 1913, was a third major league in 1914 and 1915. History The Federal League began as an .... He batted and threw left-handed. External links 1883 births 1923 deaths Major League Baseball pitchers Baseball players from Indiana New York Highlanders players Indianapolis Hoosiers players Newark Peppers players Meridian Ribboners players Lynchburg Shoemakers players Macon Peaches players Augusta Tourists players San Antonio Bronchos players Terre Haute Miners players Indianapolis Hoosiers (minor league) playe ...
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Robert Pelton Sibley
Robert Pelton Sibley (March 26, 1879 - November 3, 1957) was an American academic and a headmaster of Deerfield Academy. Born in Westfield, Massachusetts, Sibley graduated from Amherst College in 1900. At commencement, he was awarded the Henry D. Hyde prize in oratory, a victory reported in ''The New York Times''. From 1900 to 1902, he was the fiftieth head of school, or principal as the position was then known, of Deerfield Academy. He was succeeded by Frank Boyden. In 1903, he graduated from Columbia University with a Master of Arts degree. In 1907, he took up a post as an instructor in English at Ohio Wesleyan University. From 1909 to 1920, he was professor of English language and literature at Lake Forest College, where he also served as registrar. In his final year there, the University awarded him an honorary doctorate in humane letters. From 1920, he was a faculty member and secretary of Cornell University Cornell University is a Private university, priva ...
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Dynamical Billiards
A dynamical billiard is a dynamical system in which a particle alternates between free motion (typically as a straight line) and specular reflections from a boundary. When the particle hits the boundary it reflects from it Elastic collision, without loss of speed (i.e. elastic collisions). Billiards are Hamiltonian mechanics, Hamiltonian idealizations of the billiards, game of billiards, but where the region contained by the boundary can have shapes other than rectangular and even be multidimensional. Dynamical billiards may also be studied on non-Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometries; indeed, the first studies of billiards established their ergodic theory, ergodic motion on surface (mathematics), surfaces of constant negative curvature. The study of billiards which are kept out of a region, rather than being kept in a region, is known as outer billiard theory. The motion of the particle in the billiard is a straight line, with constant energy, between reflections with the b ...
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Billiard (number)
Depending on context (e.g. language, culture, region), some large numbers have names that allow for describing large quantities in a textual form; not mathematical. For very large values, the text is generally shorter than a decimal numeric representation although longer than scientific notation. Two naming scales for large numbers have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the long and short scales. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-English-speaking areas, including continental Europe and Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America. These naming procedures are based on taking the number ''n'' occurring in 103''n''+3 (short scale) or 106''n'' (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix ''-illion''. Names of numbers above a trillion are rarely used in practice; such large numbers have practical usage primarily in the ...
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Lawn Billiards
Trucco (also called trucks, troco,''Oxford English Dictionary''; see "troco" and "trucks" entries. or lawn billiards) is an Italian and later English lawn game, a form of ground billiards played with heavy balls, large-headed cues sometimes called ''tacks'', a ring (also called the ''argolis'' or ''port''), and sometimes an upright pin (the ''sprigg'' or ''king''). The game was popular from at least the 17th century to the early 20th century, and was a forerunner of croquet, surviving for a few generations after the introduction of the latter. History The oldest name in English seems to be ''trucks'' or ''truck'' from the Italian and Spanish , meaning ''. The game appears to be derived from and its offshoot pall-mall (the latter having been especially popular in England in the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as in western continental Europe); both were earlier ground billiards games, using mallets and often featuring a hoop target (then usually made of straw). Trucco was ...
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Billiard Table
A billiard table or billiards table is a bounded table on which cue sports are played. In the modern era, all billiards tables (whether for carom billiards, Pool (cue sports), pool, Russian pyramid, pyramid or snooker) provide a flat surface usually made of quarried slate, that is covered with cloth (usually of a tightly woven worsted wool called baize), and surrounded by vulcanized rubber cushions, with the whole thing elevated above the floor. More specific terms are used for specific sports, such as snooker table and pool table, and different-sized billiard balls are used on these table types. An obsolete term is billiard board, used in the 16th and 17th centuries. Parts and equipment Cushions Cushions (also sometimes called "rail cushions", "cushion rubber", or rarely "bumpers") are located on the inner sides of a table's wooden . There are several different materials and design philosophies associated with cushion rubber. These cushions are made from an elastic material suc ...
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Carom Billiards
Carom billiards, also called French billiards and sometimes carambole billiards, is the overarching title of a family of cue sports generally played on cloth-covered, billiard tables. In its simplest form, the object of the game is to score or "counts" by ' one's own off both the opponent's cue ball and the on a single shot. The invention as well as the exact date of origin of carom billiards is somewhat obscure but is thought to be traceable to 18th-century France. There is a large array of carom billiards disciplines. Some of the more prevalent today and historically are (chronologically by apparent date of development): straight rail, one-cushion, balkline, three-cushion and artistic billiards. Carom billiards is popular in Europe, particularly France, where it originated. It is also popular in Asian countries, including Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam, but is now considered obscure in North America, having been supplanted by pool in popularity. Th ...
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Pinball
Pinball games are a family of games in which a ball is propelled into a specially designed table where it bounces off various obstacles, scoring points either en route or when it comes to rest. Historically the board was studded with nails called 'pins' and had hollows or pockets which scored points if the ball came to rest in them. Today, pinball is most commonly an arcade game in which the ball is fired into a specially designed cabinet known as a pinball machine, hitting various lights, bumpers, ramps, and other targets depending on its design. The game's object is generally to score as many points as possible by hitting these targets and making various shots with flippers before the ball is lost. Most pinball machines use one ball per turn, except during special multi-ball phases, and the game ends when the ball(s) from the last turn are lost. The biggest pinball machine manufacturers historically include Bally Manufacturing, Gottlieb, Williams Electronics and Stern P ...
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Bar Billiards
Bar billiards is a form of billiards which involves scoring points by potting balls in holes on the playing surface of the table rather than in pockets. Bar billiards developed from the French/Belgian game '' billard russe'', of Russian origin. The current form started in the UK in the 1930s and now has leagues in Norfolk, Sussex, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Kent, Cambridgeshire, Hampshire, Suffolk, Yorkshire and Northamptonshire. These counties comprise the All England Bar Billiards Association. There are also leagues in Guernsey and Jersey where the annual world championships take place. History The game of bar billiards developed originally from the French ''billiard'', which due to the expensive tables in the fifteenth century was played only by the French monarchy and the very rich. The game was transformed into ''Billiard Russe'' during the 16th century for the Russian Tsars and a derivative of Bagatelle played by French royalty. Bar billiards was fir ...
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