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Azulene
Azulene is an organic compound and an isomer of naphthalene. Naphthalene is colourless, whereas azulene is dark blue. Two terpenoids, vetivazulene (4,8-dimethyl-2-isopropylazulene) and guaiazulene (1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene), that feature the azulene skeleton are found in nature as constituents of pigments in mushrooms, guaiac wood oil, and some marine invertebrates. Azulene has a long history, dating back to the 15th century as the azure-blue chromophore obtained by steam distillation of German chamomile. The chromophore was discovered in yarrow and wormwood and named in 1863 by Septimus Piesse. Its structure was first reported by Lavoslav Ružička, followed by its organic synthesis in 1937 by Placidus Plattner. Structure and bonding left, The blue color of the mushroom '' Lactarius indigo'' is due to the azulene derivative (7-isopropenyl-4-methylazulen-1-yl)methyl stearate. Azulene is usually viewed as resulting from fusion of cyclopentadiene and cycloheptatrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guaiazulene
Guaiazulene, also azulon or 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene, is a dark blue crystalline hydrocarbon. A derivative of azulene, guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile oil, which also serve as its commercial sources. Various soft corals also contain guaiazulene as a principal pigment. Its low melting point makes guaiazulene difficult to handle, in contrast to the crystalline nature of the parent azulene. The electronic structure (and colors) of guaiazulene and azulene are very similar. A similar structure Alismol is in a different oxidation state. Applications Guaiazulene is an U.S. FDA-approved cosmetic color additive. It – or its 3-sulfonate – is a component of some skin care products together with other skin soothing compounds such as allantoin. Guaiazulene has applications as a volatile dye with a known evaporation rate to indicate end of use of various products (such as insecticide strips) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vetivazulene
Vetivazulene is an azulene derivate obtained from vetiver oil. It is a bicyclic sesquiterpene and an isomer of guaiazulene Guaiazulene, also azulon or 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene, is a dark blue crystalline hydrocarbon. A derivative of azulene, guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile .... References Azulenes Sesquiterpenes {{hydrocarbon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yarrow
''Achillea millefolium'', commonly known as yarrow () or common yarrow, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Other common names include old man's pepper, devil's nettle, sanguinary, milfoil, soldier's woundwort, and thousand seal. The plant is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, and North America. It has been introduced as a feed for livestock in New Zealand and Australia. Description ''Achillea millefolium'' is an erect, herbaceous, perennial plant that produces one to several stems in height, and has a spreading rhizomatous growth form. Leaves are evenly distributed along the stem, with the leaves near the middle and bottom of the stem being the largest. The leaves have varying degrees of hairiness (pubescence). The leaves are long, bipinnate or tripinnate, almost feathery, and arranged spirally on the stems. The leaves are cauline, and more or less clasping, being more petiolate near the base. The inflorescence has 4 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matricaria Recutita
''Matricaria chamomilla'' (synonym: ''Matricaria recutita''), commonly known as chamomile (also spelled camomile), German chamomile, Hungarian chamomile (kamilla), wild chamomile, blue chamomile, or scented mayweed, is an annual plant of the composite family Asteraceae. Commonly, the name ''M. recutita'' is applied to the most popular source of the herbal product chamomile, although other species are also used as chamomile. Chamomile is known mostly for its use against gastrointestinal problems; additionally, it can be used to treat irritation of the skin. Description ''Matricaria chamomilla'' is a member of the Asteraceae family, native to southern and eastern Europe. Today the plant can be found on all continents. It has a branched, erect and smooth stem, which grows to a height of . The long and narrow leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate. The flowers are borne in paniculate flower heads (capitula). The white ray florets are furnished with a ligule, while the disc fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valence Isomer
In organic chemistry, two molecules are valence isomers when they are constitutional isomers that can interconvert through pericyclic reactions. Benzene There are many valence isomers one can draw for the C6H6 formula benzene. Some were originally proposed for benzene itself before the actual structure of benzene was known. Others were later synthesized in lab. Some have been observed to isomerize to benzene, whereas others tend to undergo other reactions instead, or isomerize by ways other than pericyclic reactions. Image:Benzene-2D-flat.png, Benzene Image:Historic Benzene Formulae Dewar(1867) V.1.svg, Dewar benzene Image:Prisman2.svg, Prismane Image:Benzvalene.png, Benzvalene Image:Bicycloprop-2-enyl.svg, Bicyclopropenyl Cyclooctatetraene The valence isomers are not restricted to isomers of benzene. Valence isomers are also seen in the series (CH)8. Due to the larger number of units, the number of possible valence isomers is also greater and at least 21: Image:Cyclooctat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entoloma Hochstetteri
''Entoloma hochstetteri'', also known as the blue pinkgill, sky-blue mushroom or similar names, is a species of mushroom that is native to New Zealand. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue colour, while the gills have a slight reddish tint from the spores. The blue colouring of the fruit body is due to azulene pigments. Whether ''Entoloma hochstetteri'' is poisonous or not is unknown. The Māori name for the mushroom is werewere-kōkako, because its colour is similar to the blue wattle of the kōkako bird. This species was one of six native fungi featured in a set of fungal stamps issued in New Zealand in 2002. It is also featured on the New Zealand fifty-dollar note. With ''E. hochstetteris inclusion, this makes it the only banknote in the world which features a mushroom on it. In a 2018 poll, ''E. hochstetteri'' was ranked first by Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research for its pick as New Zealand's national fungus. Taxonomy The species was first described as ''Corti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactarius Indigo 48568 Edit
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus ''Russula'', their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus ''Lactifluus'' has been separated from ''Lactarius'' based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. Systematics and taxonomy The genus ''Lactarius'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797 with '' L. piperatus'' as the original type species. In 2011, '' L. torminosus'' was accepted as the new type of the genus after the splitting-off of ''Lactifluus'' as separate genus. The name "''Lactarius''" is derived from the Latin '' lac'', "milk". Placement within Russulaceae Molecular phylogenetics uncovered that, while macromorpholo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aromatic
In chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property of cyclic ( ring-shaped), ''typically'' planar (flat) molecular structures with pi bonds in resonance (those containing delocalized electrons) that gives increased stability compared to saturated compounds having single bonds, and other geometric or connective non-cyclic arrangements with the same set of atoms. Aromatic rings are very stable and do not break apart easily. Organic compounds that are not aromatic are classified as aliphatic compounds—they might be cyclic, but only aromatic rings have enhanced stability. The term ''aromaticity'' with this meaning is historically related to the concept of having an aroma, but is a distinct property from that meaning. Since the most common aromatic compounds are derivatives of benzene (an aromatic hydrocarbon common in petroleum and its distillates), the word ''aromatic'' occasionally refers informally to benzene derivatives, and so it was first defined. Nevertheless, many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is best known as the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. History In the early 1820s, two separate reports described a white solid with a pungent odor derived from the distillation of coal tar. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. He proposed the name ''naphthaline'', as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha (a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture, including coal tar). Naphthalene's chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday in 1826. The structure of two fused benzene rings was proposed by Emil Erlenm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pi Electron
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in each of which two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has an electron density of zero at a shared nodal plane that passes through the two bonded nuclei. This plane also is a nodal plane for the molecular orbital of the pi bond. Pi bonds can form in double and triple bonds but do not form in single bonds in most cases. The Greek letter π in their name refers to p orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the pi bond is the same as that of the p orbital when seen down the bond axis. One common form of this sort of bonding involves p orbitals themselves, though d orbitals also engage in pi bonding. This latter mode forms part of the basis for metal-metal multiple bonding. Pi bonds are usually weaker than sigma bonds. The C-C double bond, composed of one sigma and one pi bond, has a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periphery
Periphery or peripheral may refer to: Music *Periphery (band), American progressive metal band * ''Periphery'' (album), released in 2010 by Periphery * "Periphery", a song from Fiona Apple's album '' The Idler Wheel...'' Gaming and entertainment *Periphery, a group of political entities in BattleTech, a wargaming franchise *''The Peripheral'', a 2014 novel by William Gibson **''The Peripheral'', a streaming series based on Gibson's novel Tech and math * Peripheral, an external device attached to a computer * Peripheral, an alternate mathematical term for boundary parallel in manifold theory *Peripheral cycle, a mathematical term in graph theory Political *Periphery countries, the least developed countries in world systems theory * Periphery (France), statistical area designating a commuter belt around an urban unit * Peripheries of Greece or ''administrative regions of Greece'' (Greek: , '), the country's first-level administrative divisions ** Peripheral units of Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology. It is a member of the International Science Council (ISC). IUPAC is registered in Zürich, Switzerland, and the administrative office, known as the "IUPAC Secretariat", is in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States. This administrative office is headed by IUPAC's executive director, currently Lynn Soby. IUPAC was established in 1919 as the successor of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry. Its members, the National Adhering Organizations, can be national chemistry societies, national academies of sciences, or other bodies representing chemists. There are fifty-four National Adhering Organizations and three Associate National Adhering Organizations. IUPAC's Inter-divisional Committee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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