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Azoxystrobin
Azoxystrobin is the ISO common name for an organic compound that is used as a fungicide. It is a broad spectrum systemic active ingredient widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. It was first marketed in 1996 using the brand name Amistar and by 1999 it had been registered in 48 countries on more than 50 crops. In the year 2000 it was announced that it had been granted UK Millennium product status. History In 1977, academic research groups in Germany published details of two new antifungal antibiotics they had isolated from the basidiomycete fungus ''Strobilurus tenacellus''. They named these strobilurin A and B but did not provide detailed structures, only data based on their high-resolution mass spectra, which showed that the simpler of the two had molecular formula C16H18O3. In the following year, further details including structures were published and a related fungicide, oudemansin A from the fungus '' Oudemansiella mucida'', whose identity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azoxystrobin Synthesis
Azoxystrobin is the ISO common name for an organic compound that is used as a fungicide. It is a broad spectrum systemic active ingredient widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. It was first marketed in 1996 using the brand name Amistar and by 1999 it had been registered in 48 countries on more than 50 crops. In the year 2000 it was announced that it had been granted UK Millennium product status. History In 1977, academic research groups in Germany published details of two new antifungal antibiotics they had isolated from the basidiomycete fungus ''Strobilurus tenacellus''. They named these strobilurin A and B but did not provide detailed structures, only data based on their high-resolution mass spectra, which showed that the simpler of the two had molecular formula C16H18O3. In the following year, further details including structures were published and a related fungicide, oudemansin A from the fungus ''Oudemansiella mucida'', whose identity ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strobilurin Oudemansin
Strobilurins are a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs. A number of strobilurins are used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part of the larger group of QIs (Quinone outside Inhibitors), which act to inhibit the respiratory chain at the level of Complex III. The first parent natural products, strobilurins A and B, were extracted from the fungus ''Strobilurus tenacellus''. Commercial strobilurin fungicides were developed through optimization of photostability and activity. Strobilurins represented a major development in fungus-based fungicides. First released in 1996, there are now ten major strobilurin fungicides on the market, which account for 23-25 % of the global fungicide sales. Examples of commercialized strobilurin derivatives are azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. Strobilurins are mostly contact fungicides with a long half time as they are absorbed into th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strobilurin
Strobilurins are a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs. A number of strobilurins are used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part of the larger group of QIs (Quinone outside Inhibitors), which act to inhibit the respiratory chain at the level of Complex III. The first parent natural products, strobilurins A and B, were extracted from the fungus '' Strobilurus tenacellus''. Commercial strobilurin fungicides were developed through optimization of photostability and activity. Strobilurins represented a major development in fungus-based fungicides. First released in 1996, there are now ten major strobilurin fungicides on the market, which account for 23-25 % of the global fungicide sales. Examples of commercialized strobilurin derivatives are azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. Strobilurins are mostly contact fungicides with a long half time as they are absorbed into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strobilurus Tenacellus
''Strobilurus tenacellus'', commonly known as the pinecone cap, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Physalacriaceae. It is found in Asia and Europe, where it grows on the fallen conifer cone, cones of pine and spruce trees. The basidiocarp, fruit bodies (mushrooms) are small, with convex to flat, reddish to brownish pileus (mycology), caps up to in diameter, set atop thin cylindrical stipe (mycology), stems up to long with a rooting base. A characteristic microscopic feature of the mushroom is the sharp, thin-walled cystidia found on the stipe, lamella (mycology), gills, and cap. The mushrooms, sometimes described as edible mushroom, edible, are too small to be of culinary interest. The fungus releases compounds called strobilurins that suppress the growth and development of other fungi. Derivative (chemistry), Derivatives of these compounds are used as an important class of agricultural fungicides. Taxonomy The species was first species description, described as ''Aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Organization For Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of November 2022) it has published over 24,500 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has 809 Technical committees and sub committees to take care of standards development. The organization develops and publishes standardization in all technical and nontechnical fields other than Electrical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, which is handled by the International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC.Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021.International Organization for Standardization" ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2022-04-26. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and works in 167 coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
(E)-Stilbene
(''E'')-Stilbene, commonly known as ''trans''-stilbene, is an organic compound represented by the condensed structural formula CHCH=CHCH. Classified as a diarylethene, it features a central ethylene moiety with one phenyl group substituent on each end of the carbon–carbon double bond. It has an (''E'') stereochemistry, meaning that the phenyl groups are located on opposite sides of the double bond, the opposite of its geometric isomer, ''cis''-stilbene. ''Trans''-stilbene occurs as a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in organic solvents. It can be converted to ''cis''-stilbene photochemically, and further reacted to produce phenanthrene. Stilbene was discovered in 1843 by the French chemist Auguste Laurent. The name "stilbene" is derived from the Greek word ''στίλβω'' (''stilbo''), which means "I shine", on account of the lustrous appearance of the compound. Isomers Stilbene exists as two possible stereoisomers. One is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxophore
A toxophore is the chemical group that produces the toxic effect in a toxin molecule: commonly used in pharmaceutical A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field an ... and pesticide sciences. References Toxins Pesticides {{Chemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Analog
A structural analog (analogue in modern traditional English; Commonwealth English), also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. A structural analog can be imagined to be formed, at least theoretically, from the other compound. Structural analogs are often isoelectronic. Despite a high chemical similarity, structural analogs are not necessarily functional analogs and can have very different physical, chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties. In drug discovery, either a large series of structural analogs of an initial lead compound are created and tested as part of a structure–activity relationship study or a database is screened for structural analogs of a lead compound. Chemical analogues of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BASF
BASF SE () is a German multinational chemical company and the largest chemical producer in the world. Its headquarters is located in Ludwigshafen, Germany. The BASF Group comprises subsidiaries and joint ventures in more than 80 countries and operates six integrated production sites and 390 other production sites in Europe, Asia, Australia, the Americas and Africa. BASF has customers in over 190 countries and supplies products to a wide variety of industries. Despite its size and global presence, BASF has received relatively little public attention since it abandoned the manufacture and sale of BASF-branded consumer electronics products in the 1990s. At the end of 2019, the company employed 117,628 people, with over 54,000 in Germany. , BASF posted sales of €59.3 billion and income from operations before special items of about €4.5 billion. Between 1990 and 2005, the company invested €5.6 billion in Asia, specifically in sites near Nanjing and Shanghai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stilbene Leads To Azoxystrobin
Stilbene may refer to one of the two stereoisomers of 1,2-diphenylethene: * (''E'')-Stilbene (''trans'' isomer) * (''Z'')-Stilbene (''cis'' isomer) See also * Stilbenoid Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They have a C6–C2–C6 structure. In biochemical terms, they belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones. Most stilbenoids are prod ...s, a class of molecules found in plants * 1,1-Diphenylethylene {{Chemistry index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Chemical Industries
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was a British chemical company. It was, for much of its history, the largest manufacturer in Britain. It was formed by the merger of four leading British chemical companies in 1926. Its headquarters were at Millbank in London. ICI was a constituent of the FT 30 and later the FTSE 100 indices. ICI made general chemicals, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals and speciality products, including food ingredients, speciality polymers, electronic materials, fragrances and flavourings. In 2008, it was acquired by AkzoNobel, which immediately sold parts of ICI to Henkel and integrated ICI's remaining operations within its existing organisation. History Development of the business (1926–1944) The company was founded in December 1926 from the merger of four companies: Brunner Mond, Nobel Explosives, the United Alkali Company, and British Dyestuffs Corporation. It established its head office at Millbank in London in 1928. Competing with DuPo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
A nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry in which the nucleophile displaces a good leaving group, such as a halide, on an aromatic ring. Aromatic rings are usually nucleophilic, but some aromatic compounds do undergo nucleophilic substitution. Just as normally nucleophilic alkenes can be made to undergo conjugate substitution if they carry electron-withdrawing substituents, so normally nucleophilic aromatic rings also become electrophilic if they have the right substituents.This reaction differs from a common SN2 reaction, because it happens at a trigonal carbon atom (sp2 hybridization). The mechanism of SN2 reaction does not occur due to steric hindrance of the benzene ring. In order to attack the C atom, the nucleophile must approach in line with the C-LG (leaving group) bond from the back, where the benzene ring lies. It follows the general rule for which SN2 reactions occur only at a tetrahedral carbon atom. The SN1 mechanism is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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