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Arts De Seconde Rhétorique
The term ''la seconde rhétorique'' (French for "second rhetoric") came into use in the fifteenth century as a description of secular, vernacular verse in France. The term embodied these three characteristics in opposition to (i) ''la première rhétorique'', that is, prose; (ii) to writing in medieval Latin; and (iii) to the writings of the clergy (''clercs''). The earliest vernacular treatise on poetry in France was the prologue written by Guillaume de Machaut for publication of his complete works (1370s), but the earliest that is one of the traditional ''Arts de seconde rhétorique'' is ''L'art de dictier'' by Eustache Deschamps (1392). Several examples of ''Arts de la seconde rhétorique'' followed: *''Des rimes'' by Jacques Legrand Jacques Legrand may refer to: * (c. 1350–1422), French writer of the ''Arts de seconde rhétorique'', also known as Jacobus Magnus * Jacques Legrand (philatelist) (1820–1912), French philatelist * Jacques Legrand (resistance leader), French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prose
Prose is a form of written or spoken language that follows the natural flow of speech, uses a language's ordinary grammatical structures, or follows the conventions of formal academic writing. It differs from most traditional poetry, where the form consists of verse (writing in lines) based on rhythmic metre or rhyme. The word "prose" first appears in English in the 14th century. It is derived from the Old French ''prose'', which in turn originates in the Latin expression ''prosa oratio'' (literally, straightforward or direct speech). Works of philosophy, history, economics, etc., journalism, and most fiction (an exception is the verse novel), are examples of works written in prose. Developments in twentieth century literature, including free verse, concrete poetry, and prose poetry, have led to the idea of poetry and prose as two ends on a spectrum rather than firmly distinct from each other. The British poet T. S. Eliot noted, whereas "the distinction between verse a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin Classical Latin is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a Literary language, literary standard language, standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It was used from 75 BC to the 3rd century AD, when it developed ... used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functioned as the main medium of scholarly exchange, as the liturgical language of the Roman Catholic Church, Church, and as the working language of science, literature, law, and administration. Medieval Latin represented a continuation of Classical Latin and Late Latin, with enhancements for new concepts as well as for the increasing integration of Christianity. Despite some meaningful differences from Classical Latin, Medieval writers did not regard it as a fundamentally different language. There i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clergy
Clergy are formal leaders within established religions. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's doctrines and practices. Some of the terms used for individual clergy are clergyman, clergywoman, clergyperson, churchman, and cleric, while clerk in holy orders has a long history but is rarely used. In Christianity, the specific names and roles of the clergy vary by denomination and there is a wide range of formal and informal clergy positions, including deacons, elders, priests, bishops, preachers, pastors, presbyters, ministers, and the pope. In Islam, a religious leader is often known formally or informally as an imam, caliph, qadi, mufti, mullah, muezzin, or ayatollah. In the Jewish tradition, a religious leader is often a rabbi (teacher) or hazzan (cantor). Etymology The word ''cleric'' comes from the ecclesiastical Latin ''Clericus'', for thos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume De Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (, ; also Machau and Machault; – April 1377) was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the from the subsequent movement. Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century, he is often seen as the century's leading European composer. One of the earliest European composers on whom considerable biographical information is available, Machaut has an unprecedented amount of surviving music, in part due to his own involvement in his manuscripts' creation and preservation. Machaut embodies the culmination of the poet-composer tradition stretching back to the traditions of troubadour and ''trouvère''; well into the 15th century his poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer and Eustache Deschamps, the latter of whom was Machaut's student. Machaut comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eustache Deschamps
Eustache Deschamps (13461406 or 1407) was a French poet, byname Morel, in French "Nightshade". Life and career Deschamps was born in Vertus. He received lessons in versification from Guillaume de Machaut and later studied law at Orleans University. He then traveled through Europe as a diplomatic messenger for Charles V, being sent on missions to Bohemia, Hungary and Moravia. In 1372 he was made ''huissier d'armes'' to Charles. He received many other important offices, was ''bailli'' of Valois, and afterwards of Senlis, squire to the Dauphin, and governor of Fismes. In 1380, Charles died, and Deschamps's estate was pillaged by the English, after which he often used the name "Brulé des Champs". In his childhood he had been an eyewitness of the English invasion of 1358, he had been present at the siege of Reims in 1360 and seen the march on Chartres, and he had witnessed the signing of the Treaty of Brétigny. In consequence he hated the English and continuously abused them in h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Legrand (poet)
Jacques Legrand may refer to: * (c. 1350–1422), French writer of the '' Arts de seconde rhétorique'', also known as Jacobus Magnus * Jacques Legrand (philatelist) (1820–1912), French philatelist * Jacques Legrand (resistance leader) Jacques Legrand (24 October 1906 – 30 June 1944) was a French Resistance leader and a chemical engineer at the Curie Institute in Paris. Pre-war life Legrand was born in Douai, France on 24 October 1906. He worked as a chemical engineer a ..., French Resistance leader * Jacques Legrand (Mongolist) (born 1946), French linguist and anthropologist {{hndis, Legrand, Jacques ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baudet Harenc
Baudet is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Étienne Baudet (died 1711), French engraver * Pierre Joseph Henry Baudet (PJH Baudet; 1824-1878), Dutch historian *Jean C. Baudet Jean C. Baudet is a Belgian philosopher and writer, born in Brussels (May 31, 1944) and died in Laeken (July 18, 2021). Life J.C. Baudet taught philosophy and history of science, from 1966 to 1973, in Africa (Congo, Burundi). From 1973 to 1978, ... (1944–2021), Belgian philosopher and writer * Julien Baudet (born 1979), French footballer and manager * Thierry Baudet (born 1983), Dutch politician {{surname, Baudet French-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Molinet
Jean Molinet (1435 – 23 August 1507) was a French poet, chronicler, and composer. He is best remembered for his prose translation of '' Roman de la rose''. Born in Desvres, which is now part of France, he studied in Paris. He entered the service of Charles, Duke of Burgundy from 1463, becoming secretary to Georges Chastellain; in 1464 he wrote ''La complainte de Grece'', a political work presenting the Burgundian side in current affairs. He replaced Chastellain as historiographer in 1475, and he was also the librarian of Margaret of Austria. His chronicle covered the years 1474 to 1504, and was only published in 1828 after being edited by J. A. Buchon. It is considered inferior to Chastellain's chronicle, possessing less historical value. He was the head of a Burgundian school of poetry called the Grands Rhétoriqueurs, characterised by their excessive use of puns. His nephew Jean Lemaire de Belges spent some time with him at Valenciennes, and Lemaire considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puys D'amour
A ''puy'' or ''pui'' was a society, often organised as a guild or confraternity, sometimes along religious (Catholic) lines, for the patronisation of music and poetry, typically through the holding of competitions. The term ''puy'' derives from the Latin '' podium'', meaning "a place to stand", referring probably to a raised platform from which either the contests delivered their works or the judges listened to them. ''Puys'' were established in many cities in northern and central France, the Low Countries, and even England during the High Middle Ages and the Renaissance, usually encouraging composition in the Old French language, but also in Latin and Occitan. The typical ''puy'' was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Membership was regulated by statutes to which those entering had to swear. These governed the election of executive positions within the ''puy'' and the benefits inhering in members. Members could be clerical or lay, male or female, noble or bourgeois, urban or rural. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernest Langlois
Ernest Langlois ( Heippes, 4 September 1857 – Lille, 15 July 1924) was a French medievalist, professor at the University of Lille. He is best known for his 1910 work ''Les manuscrits du Roman de la Rose, description et classement'', on the manuscripts of the '' Roman de la Rose'' and subsequent five-volume edition ''Le Roman de la Rose par Guillaume de Loris et Jean de Meun''. This latter work was for the Société des anciens textes français, and was a reconstruction into the supposed dialect of Orléans of the time; the work is regarded as uneven, with judicious choice of readings but arbitrary corrections of orthography.Daniel Poiron, p. 33 of 1974 Garnier-Flammarion edition of the ''Roman''. Works *''Le Couronnement Looys'' (1888) * ''Origines et sources du Roman de la Rose'' (1890) * ''Le jeu de Robin et Marion'' (1896) * ''Anciens proverbes français'' (1899) * ''Recueil d’arts de seconde rhétorique The term ''la seconde rhétorique'' (French for "second rhetoric") ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
