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Anomodont
Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods. By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores. Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like '' Anomocephalus'' and '' Patranomodon'' and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage ( Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. Classification Taxonomy * Order Therapsida * Suborder Anomodontia ** '' Biseridens'' ** '' Patranomodon'' ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Venyukovioidea
Venyukovioidea is an infraorder of anomodont therapsids related to dicynodonts from the Permian of Russia. They have also been known as Venjukovioidea, as well as by the similar names Venyukoviamorpha or Venjukoviamorpha in literature. This in part owes to a misspelling by Russian palaeontologist Ivan Yefremov, Ivan Efremov in 1940 when he mistakenly spelt ''Venyukovia'', the namesake of the group, with a 'j' instead of a 'y' (i.e. ''Venjukovia''), which permeated through subsequent therapsid literature before the mistake was caught and corrected. The Order (biology), order Ulemicia has also been coined for a similar taxonomic concept in Russian scientific literature, which notably excludes ''Suminia'' and ''Parasuminia''. Venyukovioidea includes the genera ''Venyukovia'', ''Otsheria'', ''Ulemica'', ''Suminia'' and ''Parasuminia'', all from Western Siberia. Historically, some of these genera have been placed in various Family (biology), families and subfamilies, including the Veny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anomodont
Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods. By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores. Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like '' Anomocephalus'' and '' Patranomodon'' and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage ( Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. Classification Taxonomy * Order Therapsida * Suborder Anomodontia ** '' Biseridens'' ** '' Patranomodon'' ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dicynodont
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivores that typically bore a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded during the Triassic but died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 80-90 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers. Characteristics The dicynodont skull is highly specialised, light but strong, with the synapsid temporal openings at the rear o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anomocephaloidea
Anomocephaloidea is a clade of Basal (phylogenetics), basal anomodont therapsids related to the dicynodonts known from what is now South Africa and Brazil during the Middle Permian. It includes only two species, ''Anomocephalus africanus'' (the clade's namesake) from the Karoo Basin of South Africa and ''Tiarajudens eccentricus'' from the Paraná Basin of Brazil. Anomocephaloidea was named in 2011 with the discovery of ''Tiarajudens'', although ''Anomocephalus'' itself has been known since 1999. Anomocephaloids are characterised by batteries of tightly Occlusion (dentistry), occluding Molar (tooth), molariform teeth at the back of the jaws, the first example of such teeth in the therapsid fossil record. Uniquely to anomocephaloids, though, the upper molariforms are in fact expanded palatal teeth from the roof of the mouth that occlude against the marginal dentition of the lower jaw. Such occlusion between palatal and marginal teeth is not known in any other synapsids. The precise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Biseridens
''Biseridens'' ("two rows of teeth") is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsid, and one of the most basal anomodont genera known. Originally known from a partial skull misidentified as an eotitanosuchian in 1997, another well-preserved skull was found in the Qingtoushan Formation in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China, in 2009 that clarified its relationships to anomodonts, such as the dicynodonts. Among tetrapod taxa, the therapsid clade anomodontia in which ''Biseridens'' belong has one of the largest population sizes, highest levels of diversity, and longest stratigraphic range (Middle Permian to the Triassic, possibly into the Cretaceous), as well as being one of the only clades known from all the continents. Primarily understood from the recently discovered, most-well preserved specimen, ''Biseridens'' is most notably distinguishable as an anomodont due to its short snout, dorsally elevated zygomatic arch, and presence of a septomaxilla that distinctly lacks a facial e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Suminia
''Suminia'' is an extinct genus of basal anomodont that lived during the Tatarian age of the late Permian, spanning approximately from 268–252 Ma.Rybczynski N. 2000. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 130:329–73 ''Suminia'' is recognized as the youngest non-dicynodonts, dicynodont anomodontIvachnenko MF. 1994. A new Late Permian dromasaurian (Anomodontia) from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 28: 96- 103. and was named in honor of Russian paleontologist Dmitry Leonidovich Sumin, D. L. Sumin. Its fossil localities are primarily derived from the Kotelnich, Kotel’nich locality of the Kirov Oblast in Russia. However, there have been some isolated specimens found in a few different localities, all from eastern European regions of Russia.Fröbisch, J. and Reisz, R. R. 2011. The postcranial anatomy of Suminia getmanovi (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dromasauria
"Dromasaurs" are an artificial grouping of small anomodont therapsids from the Middle and Late Permian of South Africa. They represent either a paraphyletic grade or a polyphyletic grouping of small non-dicynodont basal anomodonts rather than a clade, and as such are considered an invalid group today. "Dromasaurs" were historically united by their superficially similar appearances that were unlike other known anomodonts. They are all small in size with slender limbs and long tails, and have short skulls with very large eye sockets. "Dromasauria" (sometimes also known as "Dromasauroidea") traditionally includes three genera, all from the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa: '' Galepus'', '' Galechirus'', and '' Galeops''. These genera have sometimes been divided into two subgroups, the monotypic family Galeopidae (containing only ''Galeops'') and the Galechiridae for ''Galechiris'' and ''Galepus''. Despite their superficial similarities, "Dromasauria" is not recognised in modern cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Patranomodon
''Patranomodon'' (from Greek ''patr-'' “father”, thus “father of anomodonts”) is an extinct genus of Therapsida, therapsids belonging to the group Anomodontia. Rubidge and Hopson named this anomodont in 1990 after discovering its skull.Rubidge, B. S., & Hopson, J. A. (1990). A new anomodont therapsid from South Africa and its bearing on the ancestry of Dicynodontia. ''South African Journal of Science'', ''86''(1), 43-45. ''Patranomodon'' is known to have ranged in the Karoo of Southern Africa. Discovery and history The skull fossil of ''Patranomodon'' was found in the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone, ''Eodicynodon'' Assemblage Zone of South Africa, belonging to the lowest biozone of the Beaufort Group. The Beaufort Group time period extends from the middle of the Permian to the early Triassic period. It is one of the three main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup in what today is southern Africa. Rubidge and Hopson were the first to discover the skull of ''Patranomodon''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Parasuminia
''Parasumina'' is an extinct genus of anomodont known from the late Capitanian age at the end of the middle Permian period of European Russia. The type and only species is ''Parasuminia ivakhnenkoi''. It was closely related to ''Suminia'', another Russian anomodont, and was named for its resemblance ("similar to ''Suminia''"). Little is known about ''Parasuminia'' as the only fossils are of fragmentary pieces of the skull and jaw, but the known remains suggest that its head and jaws were deeper and more robust than those of ''Suminia'', and with shorter, stouter teeth. However, despite these differences they appear to have been similar animals with a similarly complex method of processing vegetation. History of discovery Fossils of ''Parasuminia'' are known exclusively from a locality known as Sundyr-1 near the mouth of the Sundyr River (a tributary to the Volga River) in the Mari El Republic of European Russia, and were first discovered in 2009 by an expedition from the Borissia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tiarajudens
''Tiarajudens'' () (" Tiaraju tooth") is an extinct genus of saber-toothed herbivorous anomodonts which lived during the Middle Permian period (Capitanian stage) in what is now Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is known from the holotype UFRGS PV393P, a nearly complete skull. The type species ''T. eccentricus'' was named in 2011. Description ''Tiarajudens'' is a member of Anomodontia, a suborder of therapsids. Like other anomodonts, it was a quadrupedal herbivore about the size of a wild boar. The single fragmented holotype skull is short and robust at about in length. The most prominent features of ''Tiarajudens'' are its two large saber-like canine teeth. These teeth are unlike the tusks of dicynodonts, a later group of anomodonts. Twenty-one high- crowned teeth are present on either side of the upper jaw, including spoon-shaped incisors. Wide palatal teeth are also present. The top and bottom sets of teeth fit closely together, much like the teeth of mammals, allowing it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kannemeyeria DB
''Kannemeyeria'' is a genus of dicynodont that lived during the Anisian age of Middle Triassic period in what is now Africa and South America. The generic name is given in honor of Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer, the South African fossil collector who discovered the original specimen. It is one of the first representatives of the family, and hence one of the first large herbivores of the Triassic. Description ''Kannemeyeria'' was about in length, about the size of an ox. Although it had a large head, it was lightweight due to the size of the eye sockets and nasal cavity. It also had limb girdles which formed massive plates of bone that helped support its heavily built body. ''Kannemeyeria'' was well-adapted to living as a herbivore; it had a powerful beak and strong jaw muscles built for shearing plant material. ''Kannemeyeria'' had a massive head with unusually large openings for the eyes, nostrils and jaw muscles. It evidently tore up roots, stripped leaves from the vegetation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ulemica
''Ulemica'' is an extinct genus of venyukovioid therapsids, a type of anomodont related to dicynodonts. It lived during the Middle Permian period in what is now Russia, and is known from the Isheevo assemblage of the Amanakskaya Formation. The type species, ''U. invisa'', was originally placed in the genus ''Venyukovia'' by Russian palaeontologist Ivan Yefremov, Ivan Efremov in 1940. It was later given its own genus ''Ulemica'' in 1996 by Mikhaïl Ivakhnenko, who also named a second species ''U. efremovi''. Efremov had originally intended to name the fossils of ''U. invisa'' as 'Myctosuchus invisus', however, he later recognised their similarity to ''Venyukovia'' and chose to assign the Isheevo material to this genus and leaving 'Myctosuchus' a ''nomen nudum''. ''Ulemica'' is known from multiple skulls and jaws from individuals of various ages, mostly of ''U. invisa'', while ''U. efremovi'' is known only by a single skull. An unusual feature of ''Ulemica'' is a pair of prominent b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
