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Poll Taxes In The United States
Poll taxes were used in the United States until they were outlawed following the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Poll taxes (taxes of a fixed amount on every liable individual, regardless of their income) had also been a major source of government funding among the colonies and states which went on to form the United States. Poll taxes became a tool of disenfranchisement in the South during Jim Crow, following the end of Reconstruction. This form of disenfranchisement was common until the Voting Rights Act, which is considered one of the most monumental pieces of civil rights legislation ever passed. The Voting Rights Act followed the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited both Congress and the states from implementing poll taxes, but only for federal elections. Description A poll tax is a tax of a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Various privileges of citizenship, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Election
An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century. Elections may fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive (government), executive and judiciary, and for local government, regional and local government. This process is also used in many other private and business organizations, from clubs to voluntary association and corporations. The global use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient History of Athens , Athens, where the elections were considered an oligarchy , oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition, also known as allotment, by which officeholders were chosen by lot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Silvia Poll Ahrens
Sylvia Úrsula Poll Ahrens (born September 24, 1970 in Managua, Nicaragua) is an Olympic medalist and a national record holding swimmer from Costa Rica. At the 1988 Olympics, she won Costa Rica's first Olympic medal, when she garnered the silver in the women's 200 free.Silvia Poll sports-reference.com As of 2009, she and her younger sister Claudia are Costa Rica's only Olympic medalists. Sylvia also swam for Costa Rica at the . She also won a total number of 8 medal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Richard D
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", " Dick", " Dickon", " Dickie", " Rich", " Rick", "Rico (name), Rico", " Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English (the name was introduced into England by the Normans), German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Portuguese and Spanish "Ricardo" and the Italian "Riccardo" (see comprehensive variant list below). People named Richard Multiple people with the same name * Richard Anders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mihkel Poll
Mihkel Poll (born 14 August 1986 in Tallinn) is an Estonian pianist trained at the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre The Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre (''Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia'') began as a mixed choir of the Estonia Society Musical Department (EMD) on the eve of World War I. The assembly of the Estonia Society created the Tallinn Higher Musi ... under Ivari Ilja. References Grieg in Bergen Music Festival Mihkel Poll official website 1986 births Living people Estonian classical pianists Musicians from Tallinn Tallinn Music High School alumni 21st-century Estonian musicians Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama 21st-century Estonian classical pianists {{classical-pianist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Max Poll
Max Fernand Leon Poll (21 July 1908 in Ruisbroek – 13 March 1991 in Uccle) was a Belgian ichthyologist who specialised in the Cichlidae. In the years 1946 and 1947 he organised an expedition to Lake Tanganyika. He has described several species of Pseudocrenilabrinae, such as '' Lamprologus signatus'', '' Steatocranus casuarius'', '' Neolamprologus brichardi'', and '' Neolamprologus pulcher''. He was a member of The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium, professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, and conservator at the Royal Museum of the Belgian Congo in Tervuren. He was an honorary member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Taxon named in his honor Named after him are species and taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Martin Poll
Martin Poll (November 24, 1922 – April 14, 2012) was an American film and television producer. Poll produced eleven feature films during his career, including '' The Lion in Winter'', for which he received a 1968 Academy Award nomination for Academy Award for Best Picture. ''The Lion in Winter'', which starred Katharine Hepburn and Peter O'Toole, received nine nominations and won three Academy Awards. It also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama. Life Poll was born on November 24, 1922, in New York City. Poll launched his production career in 1954, when he produced thirty-nine episodes of the televisions series, ''Flash Gordon'', for distribution in West Germany and France. Poll purchased and restored the Biograph Studios, a studio facility and film laboratory complex in the Bronx, during the 1950s. He reopened the studios in 1956 under a new name, Gold Medal Studios. The reopening made the Bronx-based facility the largest film studio in the United State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jon Poll
Jon Poll (born 1958) is an American film director, editor and producer, best known for his directorial debut with the 2007 film '' Charlie Bartlett''. Career Poll is the one of three sons of the late film producer, Martin Poll. He graduated from the University of Southern California's film school in 1981 before becoming a film editor. Between 1982 and 2004, he edited eighteen films, including ''Weeds'' (1987), '' Fire Birds'' (1990), ''Cabin Boy'' (1994), '' Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me'' (1999), ''Meet the Parents'' (2000), ''Austin Powers in Goldmember'' (2002), '' Scary Movie 3'' (2003) and ''Meet the Fockers'' (2004). He was also a co-producer on the television series '' TV 101'', '' Eerie, Indiana'' and the film ''Meet the Fockers'', and was an executive producer on ''The 40-Year-Old Virgin''. Poll made his directorial debut in 2007 with the teen comedy film '' Charlie Bartlett''. He read screenwriter Gustin Nash's film adaptation of C. D. Payne's 1993 novel ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jana Franziska Poll
Jana Franziska Poll (born 7 May 1988 in Meppen, West Germany) is a German volleyball player, member of the Germany women's national volleyball team. At club level, she plays for German SCU Emlichheim. National team career Poll made her first appearances with Germany women's national volleyball team in 2013. She was part of the German national team who won the gold medal at the 2013 Women's European Volleyball League in Bulgaria and the silver medal at the 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship in Germany & Switzerland. In 2016, she participated in the 2016 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. Career After several years in the German League without winning any title, in the summer of 2016 Jana Franziska Poll traveled to Greece, signing with the historic club Panathinaikos Athens, where she remained for one year. In July 2017 she made a contract with Greek powerhouse Olympiacos S.F. Piraeus. In 2017–18 season, Poll won both Hellenic competitions with the red-whites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Heinrich Wilhelm Poll
Heinrich Wilhelm Poll (5 August 1877 – 12 June 1939) was a German physician, geneticist and physical anthropologist. He studied hybridization, fertility, studies of twins, and the applications of genetics to society. He was an advisor for the committee for racial hygiene of the Prussian State Health Council and a member of the society for racial hygiene. He was forced to leave Germany in 1932 as a "non-Aryan" and died at Lund. Life and work Poll was born in Berlin to engineer Moritz and his wife Julie. Although the parents were Jewish he was converted to Protestantism in 1899. He grew up studying in Berlin and became interested in the natural sciences and after school at the Friedrich-Gymnasium, he went to study medicine from 1895 and passed the preliminary examination in 1897. His influences included the anatomists Wilhelm von Waldeyer and Wilhelm Krause. He worked as an assistant to Oscar Hertwig at the Anatomisch-Biologisches Institut in the Friedrich Wilhelm University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Graham Poll
Graham Poll (born 29 July 1963) is an English former football referee in the Premier League. With 26 years of experience, he was one of the most prominent referees in English football, often taking charge of the highest-profile games. His final domestic game in a career spanning 1,544 matches was the Championship play-off final on 28 May 2007 between Derby County and West Bromwich Albion.Graham Poll's retirement : Guardian Unlimited, 28 May 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007. He was the English representative at two World Cups and |
George St Poll
George St Poll (by 1499 – 1558/1559), of Louth Park, Lincoln, North Carlton, and Snarford, Lincolnshire, and Lincoln's Inn, London was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the Great Council of England, great council of Lords Spi ... for Lincoln in 1542, 1545, 1547, Oct. 1553, Nov. 1554, 1555 and 1558. References 15th-century births 1550s deaths Members of Lincoln's Inn People from Louth, Lincolnshire Politicians from Lincoln, England English MPs 1542–1544 English MPs 1545–1547 English MPs 1547–1552 English MPs 1553 (Mary I) English MPs 1554–1555 English MPs 1555 English MPs 1558 Serjeants-at-law (England) People from West Lindsey District {{1542-England-MP-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Claudia Poll
Claudia María Poll Ahrens (born 21 December 1972) is a Costa Rican-Nicaraguan former swimmer who competed in the 200 m to 800 m freestyle events. She is Costa Rica's only Olympic gold-medalist, having won the country's first Olympic gold medals at the 1996 Olympics in the 200 meter freestyle. Claudia also competed at the 2000 Olympics, where she won two bronze medals. She is a multiple national record holder in the freestyle events. She is the first person from Central America to win an Olympic gold medal. She was the only to do so until the 2008 Olympic Games when long jump athlete Irving Saladino of Panama won a gold medal. Career Claudia Poll began swimming in 1979 under coach Francisco Rivas and quickly became one of the best in Central America, winning many regional titles. At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics she won the gold medal in the 200 m freestyle event. The win was the first gold medal for Costa Rica in the Summer Olympic Games. It was a surprising w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
