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Yinotheria
Yinotheria is a proposed basal subclass clade of crown mammals uniting the Shuotheriidae, an extinct group of mammals from the Jurassic of Eurasia, with Australosphenida, a group of mammals known from the Jurassic to Cretaceous of Gondwana, which possibly include living monotremes. Today, there are only five surviving species of monotremes which live in Australia and New Guinea, consisting of the platypus and four species of echidna. Fossils of yinotheres have been found in England, China, Russia, Madagascar and Argentina. Contrary to other known crown mammals, they retained postdentary bones as shown by the presence of a postdentary trough. The extant members (monotremes) developed the mammalian middle ear independently. Evolutionary history According to genetic studies, Yinotheria diverged from other mammals around 220 to 210 million years ago, at some point in the Triassic or Early Jurassic.http://timetree.org/pdf/Madsen2009Chap68.pdf The oldest-known fossils are a bit younger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuotherium Dongi
''Shuotherium'' is a fossil mammal known from Middle-Late Jurassic of the Forest Marble Formation of England,Sigogneau−Russell, D. 1998. Discovery of a Late Jurassic Chinese mammal in the upper Bathonian of England. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 327: 571–576 and the Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan, China.M. Chow and T. H. V. Rich. 1982. Shuotherium dongi, n. gen. and sp., a therian with pseudo-tribosphenic molars from the Jurassic of Sichuan, China. Australian Mammalogy 54:127-142Kielan−Jaworowska, Z.; Cifelli, R.L.; Luo, Z.−X. (2002). "Dentition and relationships of the Jurassic mammal Shuotherium" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 47 (3): 479–86 The original holotype is composed of a partial dentary and seven teeth (two which are incomplete). The holotypes for other species of this genus are solely represented by isolated molars. ''Shuotherium'', along with ''Pseudotribos'' has been placed in the family Shuotheriidae as a sister taxon of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuotheriidae
Shuotheriidae is a small family of Jurassic mammals whose remains are found in China, England and possibly Russia. They have been proposed to be close relatives of Australosphenida, the group that contains living monotremes, together forming the clade Yinotheria. However, some studies suggest shuotheres are closer to theria Theria (; Greek: , wild beast) is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes. Theria includes the eutherians (including the placental mammals) and the metatherians (including the marsupials) but excludes the egg-laying monotremes. ...ns than to monotremes. The Shuotheriidae have been proposed as the sister group of the Gondwanian clade Henosferida and the Monotremata, which are the monotremes. References Further reading * Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, and Zhe-Xi Luo, ''Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, Evolution, and Structure'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 214–215. Prehistoric mammal fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuotherium
''Shuotherium'' is a fossil mammal known from Middle-Late Jurassic of the Forest Marble Formation of England,Sigogneau−Russell, D. 1998. Discovery of a Late Jurassic Chinese mammal in the upper Bathonian of England. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 327: 571–576 and the Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan, China.M. Chow and T. H. V. Rich. 1982. Shuotherium dongi, n. gen. and sp., a therian with pseudo-tribosphenic molars from the Jurassic of Sichuan, China. Australian Mammalogy 54:127-142Kielan−Jaworowska, Z.; Cifelli, R.L.; Luo, Z.−X. (2002). "Dentition and relationships of the Jurassic mammal Shuotherium" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 47 (3): 479–86 The original holotype is composed of a partial dentary and seven teeth (two which are incomplete). The holotypes for other species of this genus are solely represented by isolated molars. ''Shuotherium'', along with ''Pseudotribos'' has been placed in the family Shuotheriidae as a sister taxon of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', and '' Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful sandstone'')'', the middle Muschelkalk (shell-bearing limestone) and the upper Keuper (coloured clay). The Late Triassic Ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica. The earliest recorded human presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henosferidae
Henosferidae (also spelled "Henospheridae") is an extinct family of Australosphenida, native to Gondwana during the Middle Jurassic. Its defined as a clade including the most recent common ancestor of ''Henosferus'' and ''Asfaltomylos ''Asfaltomylos'' is an extinct genus of the primitive mammal subclass Australosphenida from the Jurassic of Argentina. The type and only species is ''Asfaltomylos patagonicus'', recovered from and named after the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Ca ...'' and all its descendants. References * Averianov, A. O. & Lopatin, A. V., '"Phylogeny of truconodonts and symmetrodonts and the origin of extinct mammals"', Dokl Biol Sci 436:32-35. * Rougier, G. W., Martinelli, A. G., Forasiepi, A. M. & Novacek, M. J. 2007. New Jurassic mammals from Patagonia, Argentina: A reappraisal of australosphenidan morphology and interrelationships. ''American Museum Novitates'' 3566: 1-54. Jurassic mammals Prehistoric mammal families {{Jurassic-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's seven million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. The Kyrgyz language is closely related to other Turkic languages. Kyrgyzstan's history spans a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road along with other commercial routes. Inhabited by a succession of tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under larger domination. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states. It was first established as the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate later in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paritatodon
''Paritatodon'' is an extinct mammal which existed in Kyrgyzstan and England during the Jurassic period. It was originally the holotype specimen of ''Shuotherium kermacki'', but Martin and Averianov (2010) argued that it resembled the genus ''Itatodon'' ( Docodonta) and so renamed it ''Paritatodon''. Nonetheless, some recent phylogenetic studies assign it (and ''Itatodon'') to Shuotheriidae,Wang, Y.-Q. and Li, C.-K. 2016. Reconsideration of the systematic position of the Middle Jurassic mammaliaforms Itatodon and Paritatodon. Palaeontologia Polonica 67, 249–256. while others continue to consider the taxon a docodont. Like many Mesozoic mammals, this species is only known from its teeth, in this case two lower molars from the Forest Marble Formation in England, and a single left lower molar from the Balabansai Formation The Balabansai Formation (sometimes transcribed Balabansay, also known as Balabansai Svita) is a geological formation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive region, geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of Russia since the latter half of the 16th century, after the Russians Russian conquest of Siberia, conquered lands east of the Ural Mountains. Siberia is vast and sparsely populated, covering an area of over , but home to merely one-fifth of Russia's population. Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Omsk are the largest cities in the region. Because Siberia is a geographic and historic region and not a political entity, there is no single precise definition of its territorial borders. Traditionally, Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and includes most of the drainage basin of the Arctic Ocean. The river Yenisey divides Siberia into two parts, Western Siberia, Western and Eastern Siberia, Eastern. Siberia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itatodon
''Itatodon'' is an extinct genus of primitive mammal known from the Bathonian aged Itat Formation of Russia. The genus is named after the formation, with the species being named after Leonid Petrovich Tatarinov who described the first docodont from Asia. It is known from a holotype right lower molar and referred isolated right lower molar and fragment of the left lower molar. When it was first described, it was thought to be a docodontan, but some recent phylogenetic studies have assigned it, along with its close relative ''Paritatodon'' to Shuotheriidae, while others continue to consider it a docodont. References Bathonian life Jurassic mammals of Asia Jurassic Russia Fossils of Russia Fossil taxa described in 2005 Taxa named by Alexander O. Averianov Prehistoric mammal genera {{jurassic-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudotribos
''Pseudotribos'' ("false chewing") is an extinct genus of mammal that lived in Northern China during the Middle Jurassic some , possibly more closely related to monotremes than to theria (placental and marsupial mammals), although other studies indicate that these shuotheres are closer to therians than to monotremes. The only known specimen was found in the Daohugou Bed in Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ... (: paleocoordinates ).. Retrieved May 2013. References External links ''Pseudotribos robustus'', ancient Jurassic mammal with new type of teeth Prehistoric mammal genera Jurassic mammals of Asia Fossil taxa described in 2007 Taxa named by Zhe-Xi Luo Taxa named by Qiang Ji (paleontologist) Taxa named by Chong-Xi Yuan {{jurassic-ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 163.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Paleogeography During the Middle Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Eastern Laurasia was tectonically active as the Cimmerian plate continued to collide with Laurasia's southern coast, completely closing the Pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
