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Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm Fire
The Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire ( zh, s=伊犁61团场火灾) broke out at Chinese New Year on February 18, 1977. When the farm hall was showing a North Korean war movie at new year, a 12-year-old audience member set off a ground spinning firecracker and ignited the mourning wreaths for Mao Zedong displaying in the hall. Although the wreaths should have been incinerated months before, the regiment felt pressure to keep them. There was a crowd crush at the only exit. 694 died and 161 were injured in the fire, mostly children of veterans. The farm was a tuntian, veteran families settlement established to stop China-to-Soviet migration resembling the Yi–Ta incident. The 1977 Chinese New Year drew large excited crowds as the Mao-era clamp down of new year traditions ended after Mao died in 1976. Mao's ban of new year holidays continued, however, keeping the residents in town and many attended the fatal movie-showing. It is the List of fires in China, deadliest fire of the repub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing Time
The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical time zones. It is the largest sovereign nation in the world that officially observes only one time zone. The nationwide standardized time is named Beijing Time (BJT; ) domestically and China Standard Time (CST) internationally. Daylight saving time has not been observed since 1991. China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. It is also equivalent with Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, most of Mongolia, Malaysia, Irkutsk Time of Russia, Western Australia, and Central Indonesia. History In the 1870s, the Shanghai Xujiahui Observatory was constructed by a French Catholic missionary. In 1880s officials in Shanghai French Concession started to provide a time announcement service using the Shanghai Mean Solar Time provided by the aforementioned observatory for ships into and out of Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokdala
Kokdala or Cocodala is a city in northern Xinjiang, China, bordering Kazakhstan's Almaty Region to the west. Administratively, it is a county-level city under the direct administration of the regional government, though it is geographically located in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. Kokdala is the headquarter of the 4th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and currently administered by the 4th Division. The city implemented the "division and city integration" ( 师市合一, ''shī shì héyī'') management system, it shares the same leader group with the 4th Division. On March 18, 2015, Kokdala was created as the eighth city of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The city covers a land area of 980 square km and has a population of around 80,000. Administrative divisions Kokdala contains 2 subdistricts, 5 towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distingu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao's Cult Of Personality
Mao Zedong's cult of personality was a prominent part of Chairman Mao Zedong's rule over the People's Republic of China from the state's founding in 1949 until his death in 1976. Mass media, propaganda and a series of other techniques were used by the state to elevate Mao Zedong's status to that of an infallible heroic leader, who could stand up against the West, and guide China to become a beacon of communism. Mao Zedong himself recognized a need for personality cult, blaming the fall of Khrushchev on the lack of such a cult. During the period of Cultural Revolution, Mao's personality cult soared to an unprecedented height, and he took advantage of it to mobilize the masses and attack his political opponents such as Liu Shaoqi, then Chairman of the People's Republic of China. Mao's face was firmly established on the front page of ''People's Daily'', where a column of his quotes was also printed every day; Mao's selected works were later printed in even greater circulation; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao Zedong's Cult Of Personality
Mao Zedong's cult of personality was a prominent part of Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Chairman Mao Zedong's History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976), rule over the China, People's Republic of China from Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, the state's founding in 1949 until Death of Chairman Mao, his death in 1976. Mass media in China, Mass media, Propaganda in China, propaganda and a series of other techniques were used by the state to elevate Mao Zedong's status to that of an infallible heroic leader, who could stand up Anti-Western sentiment in China, against the West, and guide China to become a beacon of communism. Mao Zedong himself recognized a need for Cult of personality, personality cult, blaming the fall of Khrushchev on the lack of such a cult. During the period of Cultural Revolution, Mao's personality cult soared to an unprecedented height, and he took advantage of it to mobilize the masses and attack his political opponents suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancestor Veneration In China
Chinese ancestor veneration, also called Chinese ancestor worship, is an aspect of the Chinese traditional religion which revolves around the ritual celebration of the deified ancestors and tutelary deities of people with the same surname organised into lineage societies in ancestral shrines. Ancestors, their ghosts, or spirits, and gods are considered part of "this world". They are neither supernatural (in the sense of being outside nature) nor transcendent in the sense of being beyond nature. The ancestors are humans who have become godly beings, beings who keep their individual identities. For this reason, Chinese religion is founded on veneration of ancestors. Ancestors are believed to be a means of connection to the supreme power of Tian as they are considered embodiments or reproducers of the creative order of Heaven. It is a major aspect of Han Chinese religion, but the custom has also spread to ethnic minority groups. Ancestor veneration is largely focused on male an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red August
Red August () is a term used to indicate a period of political violence and massacres in Beijing beginning in August 1966, during the Cultural Revolution. According to official statistics published in 1980 after the end of the Cultural Revolution, Red Guards in Beijing killed a total of 1,772 people during Red August, while 33,695 homes were ransacked and 85,196 families were forcibly displaced. However, according to official statistics published in November 1985, the number of deaths in Beijing during Red August was 10,275. On August 18, 1966, Chairman Mao Zedong met with Song Binbin, a leader of the Red Guards, atop Tiananmen. This event instigated a wave of violence and mass killings in the city by the Red Guards, who also started a campaign to destroy the "Four Olds". The killings by the Red Guards also impacted several rural districts in Beijing, such as in the Daxing Massacre, in which 325 people were killed from August 27 to September 1 in the Daxing District of Beijing. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thought Reform In The People's Republic Of China
Thought reform in China ( zh, c=思想改造, p=sīxiǎng gǎizào), also known as ideological remolding or ideological reform, was a campaign of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to reform the thinking of Chinese citizens into accepting Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought (Maoism) from 1951 to 1952. Techniques employed included indoctrination, "struggle sessions", Propaganda in the People's Republic of China, propaganda, criticism and Self-criticism (Marxism-Leninism)#People's Republic of China, self-criticism, and a variety of other techniques. Terminology The Chinese term ''sīxiǎng gǎizào'' (思想改造, lit. "thought reform") "ideological remolding" compound (linguistics), compounds the words ''sīxiǎng'' (wikt:思想, 思想) "thought; thinking; idea; ideology" and ''gǎizào'' wikt:改造, 改造 "transform; reform; remold; remake; correct". The related term ''sīxiǎng gōngzuò'' (思想工作, lit. "thought work"; also translated as thought-work or thoughtw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-China Federation Of Supply And Marketing Cooperatives
The All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives ( zh, s=中华全国供销合作总社) is a joint organization of the national supply and marketing Cooperatives of China, led by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council, with an administrative level of ministerial level. It is a member of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). History The All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives traces its origins to the former , founded by central government in November 1949. The first representative conference of all cooperative workers in China was held in July 1950, and the conference passed documents such as the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Cooperatives (Draft)" ( zh, s=中华人民共和国合作社法（草案）, labels=no) and the "Articles of Association of the All China Federation of Cooperatives (Draft)" ( zh, s=中华全国合作社联合总社章程（草案）, labels=no). The All-China Federation of Coo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chunyun
Chunyun (; literally translated as “Spring transportation”), also referred to as the Spring Festival travel rush or the Chunyun period, is a period of travel in China with extremely high traffic load around the time of the Chinese New Year. The travel season in China usually begins 15 days before New Year's Day and lasts for around 40 days. In 2016 it was predicted that there would be 2.9 billion passenger journeys during that year's Chunyun season. It has been called the largest annual human migration in the world. Rail transport experiences the biggest challenge during the period, and several problems have emerged. This phenomenon is also seen in parts of Asia such as Japan, Vietnam and South Korea. Origin Three main factors are responsible for the heightened traffic load during the Chunyun season. First, reuniting with their families during Chinese New Year is a long-held tradition for most Chinese people. People return home from work or study to have reunion dinner wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maoist
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. A difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the vanguardism, revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This theory, in which revolutionary Praxis (process), praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary, represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work Units
A work unit or ''danwei'' () is the name given to a place of employment in the People's Republic of China. The term ''danwei'' remains in use today, as people still use it to refer to their workplace. Prior to Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms, a work unit acted as the first step of a multi-tiered hierarchy linking each individual with the Chinese Communist Party infrastructure. Work units were the principal method of implementing party policy. The work unit provided lifetime employment and extensive socioeconomic welfare—"a significant feature of socialism and a historic right won through the Chinese Revolution." Background The role of the ''danwei'' was modelled in part on the Soviet '' kombinat''. Some scholars believe that the social, economic, and political functions of the ''danwei'' could be traced back to the pre-communist financial institutions in the 1930s, the labor movement between the 1920s and 1940s, and the rural revolutionary models of organization in the Yan' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Olds
The Four Olds () refer to categories used by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution to characterize elements of Chinese culture prior to the Chinese Communist Revolution that they were attempting to destroy. The Four Olds were 'old ideas', 'old culture', 'old customs', and 'old habits'. During the Red August of 1966, shortly after the onset of the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards' campaign to destroy the Four Olds began amid the massacres being carried out in Beijing. Terminology The term "Four Olds" first appeared on 1 June 1966, in Chen Boda's ''People's Daily'' editorial, "Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits", where the Old Things were described as anti-proletarian, "fostered by the exploiting classes, [and to] have poisoned the minds of the people for thousands of years". However, which customs, cultures, habits, and ideas specifically constituted the "Four Olds" were never clearly defined. On 8 August, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
