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WormBase
WormBase is an online biological database about the biology and genome of the nematode model organism ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' and contains information about other related nematodes. WormBase is used by the ''C. elegans'' research community both as an information resource and as a place to publish and distribute their results. The database is regularly updated with new versions being released every two months. WormBase is one of the organizations participating in the Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) project. It is also part of the Alliance of Genome Resources. Contents WormBase comprises the following main data sets: *The annotated genomes of ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', ''Caenorhabditis briggsae'', ''Caenorhabditis remanei'', ''Caenorhabditis brenneri'', ''Caenorhabditis angaria'', ''Pristionchus pacificus'', ''Haemonchus contortus'', ''Meloidogyne hapla'', ''Meloidogyne incognita'', ''Brugia malayi'' and ''Onchocerca volvulus''; *Hand-curated annotations describing the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caenorhabditis Elegans
''Caenorhabditis elegans'' () is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a Hybrid word, blend of the Greek ''caeno-'' (recent), ''rhabditis'' (rod-like) and Latin ''elegans'' (elegant). In 1900, Émile Maupas, Maupas initially named it ''Rhabditidae, Rhabditides elegans.'' Günther Osche, Osche placed it in the subgenus ''Caenorhabditis'' in 1952, and in 1955, Ellsworth Dougherty, Dougherty raised ''Caenorhabditis'' to the status of genus. ''C. elegans'' is an unsegmented pseudocoelomate and lacks respiratory or circulatory systems. Most of these nematodes are hermaphrodites and a few are males. Males have specialised tails for mating that include spicule (nematode), spicules. In 1963, Sydney Brenner proposed research into ''C. elegans,'' primarily in the area of neuronal development. In 1974, he began research into the molecular biology, molecular and developmental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Organism Databases
Model organism databases (MODs) are biological databases, or knowledgebases, dedicated to the provision of in-depth biological data for intensively studied model organisms. MODs allow researchers to easily find background information on large sets of genes, efficiently plan experiments, integrate their data with existing knowledge, and formulate new hypotheses . They allow users to analyse results and interpret datasets, and the data they generate are increasingly used to describe less well studied species. Where possible, MODs share common approaches to collect and represent biological information. For example, all MODs use the Gene Ontology (GO) to describe functions, processes and cellular locations of specific gene products. Projects also exist to enable software sharing for curation, visualization and querying between different MODs. Organismal diversity and varying user requirements however mean that MODs are often required to customize capture, display, and provision of dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WormBook
WormBook is an open access, comprehensive collection of original, peer-reviewed chapters covering topics related to the biology of the nematode worm '' Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)''. WormBook also includes WormMethods, an up-to-date collection of methods and protocols for ''C. elegans'' researchers. WormBook is the online text companion to WormBase, the ''C. elegans'' model organism database. Capitalizing on the World Wide Web, WormBook links in-text references (e.g. genes, alleles, proteins, literature citations) with primary biological databases such as WormBase and PubMed. ''C. elegans'' was the first multicellular organism to have its genome sequenced and is a model organism for studying developmental genetics and neurobiology. Contents The content of WormBook is categorized into the sections listed below, each filled with a variety of relevant chapters. These sections include: *Genetics and genomics *Molecular biology *Biochemistry *Cell Biology *Signal transduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caenorhabditis Briggsae
''Caenorhabditis briggsae'' is a small nematode, closely related to ''Caenorhabditis elegans''. The differences between the two species are subtle. The male tail in ''C. briggsae'' has a slightly different morphology from ''C. elegans''. Other differences include changes in vulval precursor competence and the placement of the excretory duct opening. ''C. briggsae'' is frequently used to study the differences between it and the more intimately understood ''C. elegans'', especially at the DNA and protein sequence level. Several mutant strains of ''C. briggsae'' have also been isolated that facilitate genetic analysis of this organism. ''C. briggsae'', like ''C. elegans'', is a hermaphrodite. The genome sequence for ''C. briggsae'' was determined in 2003. History ''C. briggsae'' was initially discovered by Margaret Briggs in 1944. The first individuals were isolated from a pile of leaves found on the Palo Alto campus of Stanford University. Briggs, who was studying for her MS, iden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generic Model Organism Database
The Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) project provides biological research communities with a toolkit of open-source software components for visualizing, annotating, managing, and storing biological data. The GMOD project is funded by the United States National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. History The GMOD project was started in the early 2000s as a collaboration between several model organism databases (MODs) who shared a need to create similar software tools for processing data from sequencing projects. MODs, or organism-specific databases, describe genome and other information about important experimental organisms in the life sciences and capture the large volumes of data and information being generated by modern biology. Rather than each group designing their own software, four major MODs--FlyBase, Saccharomyces Genome Database, Mouse Genome Database, and at or run off a Chado schema database. Chado dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRNA
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), formerly referred to as soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA), is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes). In a cell, it provides the physical link between the genetic code in messenger RNA (mRNA) and the amino acid sequence of proteins, carrying the correct sequence of amino acids to be combined by the protein-synthesizing machinery, the ribosome. Each three-nucleotide codon in mRNA is complemented by a three-nucleotide anticodon in tRNA. As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code. Overview The process of translation starts with the information stored in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. This is first transformed into mRNA, then tRNA specifies which three-nucleotide codon from the genetic code corresponds to which amino acid. Each mRNA codon is recognized by a particular type of tRNA, which docks to it along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Database
Biological databases are libraries of biological sciences, collected from scientific experiments, published literature, high-throughput experiment technology, and computational analysis. They contain information from research areas including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microarray gene expression, and phylogenetics. Information contained in biological databases includes gene function, structure, localization (both cellular and chromosomal), clinical effects of mutations as well as similarities of biological sequences and structures. Biological databases can be classified by the kind of data they collect (see below). Broadly, there are molecular databases (for sequences, molecules, etc.), functional databases (for physiology, enzyme activities, phenotypes, ecology etc), taxonomic databases (for species and other taxonomic ranks), images and other media, or specimens (for museum collections etc.) Databases are important tools in assisting scientists to analyze and explain a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SnoRNA
In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation. SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing. snoRNA guided modifications After transcription, nascent rRNA molecules (termed pre-rRNA) undergo a series of processing steps to generate the mature rRNA molecule. Prior to cleavage by exo- and endonucleases, the pre-rRNA undergoes a complex pattern of nucleoside modifications. These include methylations and pseudouridylations, guided by snoRNAs. *Methylation is the attachment or substitution of a methyl group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MiRBase
In bioinformatics, miRBase is a biological database that acts as an archive of microRNA sequences and annotations. As of September 2010 it contained information about 15,172 microRNAs. This number has risen to 38,589 by March 2018. The miRBase registry provides a centralised system for assigning new names to microRNA genes. miRBase grew from the microRNA registry resource set up by Sam Griffiths-Jones in 2003. According to Ana Kozomara and Sam Griffiths-Jones miRBase has five aims: # To provide a consistent naming system for microRNAs # To provide a central place collecting all known microRNA sequences # To provide human and computer readable information for each microRNA # To provide primary evidence for each microRNA # To aggregate and link to microRNA target information MiRBase contains miRNAs belonging of various species belonging to Alveolata, Chromalveolata, Metazoa, Mycetozoa, Viridiplantae and Viruses. For the Viridiplantae, in release 21 (2014) data is available for 73 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MiRNA
Micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, miRNA, μRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals, and even some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs base-pair to complementary sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, then Gene silencing, silence said mRNA molecules by one or more of the following processes: * Cleaving the mRNA strand into two pieces. * Destabilizing the mRNA by shortening its polyadenylation, poly(A) tail. * Reducing translation (biology), translation of the mRNA into proteins. In cells of humans and other animals, miRNAs primarily act by destabilizing the mRNA. miRNAs resemble the small interfering RNA, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of the RNA interference, RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, except miRNAs derive from regions of RNA transcripts that fold back on themselves to form short stem-loops (hairpins), whereas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
