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Value Of Earth
The value of Earth, i.e. the net worth of our planet, is a debated concept both in terms of the definition of value, as well as the scope of "Earth". Since most of the planet's substance is not available as a resource, "earth" has been equated with the sum of all ecosystem services as evaluated in ecosystem valuation or full-cost accounting. The price on the services that the world's ecosystems provide to humans has been estimated in 1997 to be $33 trillion per annum, with a confidence interval of from $16 trillion to $54 trillion. Compared with the combined gross national product (GNP) of all the countries at about the same time ($18 trillion), ecosystems would appear to be providing 1.8 times as much economic value as people are creating. The result details have been questioned, in particular the GNP, which is believed to be closer to $28 trillion (which makes ecosystem services only 1.2 times as precious), while the basic approach was readily acknowledged. The World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BBC Earth
BBC Earth is a brand used by BBC Studios since 2009 to market and distribute the BBC's natural history content to countries other than the United Kingdom. BBC Studios is the commercial arm of the public service broadcaster. BBC Earth commercially represents the BBC Studios Natural History Unit, the largest wildlife documentary production house in the world, and the BBC Studios Science Unit. It is part of British Broadcasting Corporation. BBC Earth is responsible for the worldwide marketing and distribution of titles such as ''Planet Earth'', '' Frozen Planet'', ''Life'', '' The Blue Planet'', and '' Planet Earth II''. It has generated sales to over 180 countries. The BBC Earth brand is used across a range of media platforms, including concert-style documentary viewings with a live orchestra and interactive experiences at museums and theme parks. Its website was relaunched in 2010 incorporating a new consumer-facing site "Life Is" which features a bi-monthly magazine style upda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecosystems
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by Organism, organisms in interaction with their Biophysical environment, environment. The Biotic material, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal Environmental factor, factors. External factors—including climate—control the ecosystem's structure, but are not influenced by it. By contrast, internal factors control and are controlled by ecosystem processes; these include decomposition, the types of species present, root competition, shading, disturbance, and succession. While external factors generally determine which Resource (biology), resource inputs an ecosystem has, their availability within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors. Ecosystems are wikt:dynamic, dynamic, subject to periodic disturbances and always in the process of recovering from past disturbances. The tendency of an ecosystem to remain clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Economic Value
Total economic value (TEV) is a concept in cost–benefit analysis that refers to the value derived by people from a natural resource, a man-made heritage resource or an infrastructure system, compared to not having it. It appears in environmental economics as an aggregation of the (main function based) values provided by a given ecosystem. Value classification The value of an ecosystem can be distinguished as: #Use value — Can be split into Direct and Indirect use values: #* Direct use value: Obtained through a removable product in nature (i.e., timber, fish, water). #* Indirect use value: Obtained through a non-removable product in nature (i.e., sunset, waterfall). #Non-use value — Values for existence of the natural resource. For example, knowing that tigers are in the wild, even though you may never see them. #Option value: Placed on the potential future ability to use a resource even though it is not currently used and the likelihood of future use is very low. This ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Capital
Natural capital is the world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms. Some natural capital assets provide people with free goods and services, often called ecosystem services. All of these underpin our economy and society, and thus make human life possible. It is an extension of the economic notion of capital (resources which enable the production of more resources) to goods and services provided by the natural environment. For example, a well-maintained forest or river may provide an indefinitely sustainable flow of new trees or fish, whereas over-use of those resources may lead to a permanent decline in timber availability or fish stocks. Natural capital also provides people with essential services, like water catchment, erosion control and crop pollination by insects, which in turn ensure the long-term viability of other natural resources. Since the continuous supply of services from the available natural capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecological Values Of Mangroves
Mangrove ecosystems represent natural capital capable of producing a wide range of goods and services for coastal environments and communities and society as a whole. Some of these outputs, such as timber, are freely exchanged in formal markets. Value is determined in these markets through exchange and quantified in terms of price. Mangroves are important for aquatic life and home for many species of fish. Ecologically, mangroves provide habitats for many marine organisms, such as fish, shellfish, and prawn, as well as for many land-based organisms, such as birds and crocodiles. They also help to maintain water quality via nutrient cycling. (In fact, wastewater is sometimes treated with mangroves!) Furthermore, they slow water, encouraging sediment to settle down, and also serve as breakwaters in storms or tsunamis, protecting the coasts. Mangroves are also protected by several treaties or organizations, including both international treaties like the Ramsar Convention, and nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth Economics
Earth Economics is a 501(c)(3) non-profit formally established in 2004 and headquartered in Tacoma, Washington, United States. The organisation uses natural capital valuation to help decision makers and local stakeholders to understand the value of natural capital assets. By identifying, monetising, and valuing natural capital and ecosystem services. Earth Economics primary focus is to help communities and organisations make investments and policy decisions. The organisation has a staff of economists and analysts, and long-standing collaborative partnerships with ecological economics founding leaders including Herman Daly, Robert Costanza and others. Approach Earth Economics' current mission states, "We quantify and value the benefits nature provides. Our work drives effective decisions and systemic change through a combination of education, natural capital analysis, and policy recommendations." Earth Economics was one of the earliest pioneering global consultancies applying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willingness To Pay
In behavioral economics, willingness to pay (WTP) is the maximum price at or below which a consumer will definitely buy one unit of a product. This corresponds to the standard economic view of a consumer reservation price. Some researchers, however, conceptualize WTP as a range. According to the constructed preference view, consumer willingness to pay is a context-sensitive construct; that is, a consumer's WTP for a product depends on the concrete decision context. For example, consumers tend to be willing to pay more for a soft drink in a luxury hotel resort in comparison to a beach bar or a local retail store. Experimental context In laboratory experiments auctions are conducted, a premise of the experiment is often that "bid = WTP". See also * Cost-benefit analysis * Welfare economics Welfare economics is a field of economics that applies microeconomic techniques to evaluate the overall well-being (welfare) of a society. The principles of welfare economics are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gross World Product
The gross world product (GWP), also known as gross world income (GWI), is the combined gross national income (previously, the "gross national product") of all the countries in the world. Because imports and exports balance exactly when considering the whole world, this also equals the total global gross domestic product (GDP).See measures of national income and output for more details. According to the World Bank, the 2013 nominal GWP was approximately 75.59 trillion United States dollar The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...s. In 2017, according to the CIA's '' World Factbook'', the GWP was around $80.27 trillion in nominal terms and totaled approximately 127.8 trillion international dollars in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The per capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre
The UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity centre of UN Environment Programme, based in Cambridge in the United Kingdom. UNEP-WCMC has been part of UN Environment Programme since 2000 and has responsibility for biodiversity assessment and support to policy development and implementation. The "World Conservation Monitoring Centre" was previously an independent organisation jointly managed by IUCN, UN Environment Programme and WWF established in 1988. Before that, the centre was a part of the IUCN Secretariat. Areas of work The activities of UNEP-WCMC include biodiversity assessment, support to international conventions such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), capacity building and management of both aspatial and spatial data on species and habitats of conservation concern. UNEP-WCMC has a mandate to facilitate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tony Juniper
Anthony Juniper (born 24 September 1960) is a British campaigner, writer, sustainability adviser and environmentalist who served as Executive Director of Friends of the Earth, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. He was Vice Chair of Friends of the Earth International from 2000 to 2008. He was the Green Party's parliamentary candidate for the Cambridge constituency at the 2010 general election. In 2019 he was appointed chairman of Natural England. Education Raised in Oxford, England, Juniper attended Bristol University, taking a joint honours BSc in psychology and zoology in 1983, followed by a master's degree in conservation from University College, London in 1988. Parrot conservation Juniper is a recognised authority on parrots, having worked at BirdLife International on efforts to conserve rare species of these birds. He was for example involved in efforts to save the Spix's macaw, one of the most endangered birds in the world. In his book ''Spix's Macaw: The Race t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In its early years, it primarily focused on rebuilding Europe. Over time, it focused on providing loans to developing world countries. In the 1970s, the World Bank re-conceptualized its mission of facilitating development as being oriented around poverty reduction. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
